Judaism

===Syncretic movements incorporating Judaism===
There are some movements in other religions that include elements of Judaism. Among Christianity these are a number of denominations of ancient and contemporary [[Judaizers]]. The most well-known of these is [[Messianic Judaism]], a religious movement, which arose in the 1960s,<ref name=Feher1998p140 /><ref name=Ariel2006p191b /><ref name=Ariel2006p194a /><ref name =Meltonp373a /> In this, elements of the messianic traditions in Judaism,<ref>{{Interlanguage link|Vittorio Lanternari|it}}  [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062037 'Messianism: Its Historical Origin and Morphology,'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421080954/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062037 |date=21 April 2021 }} [[History of Religions]] Vol. 2, No. 1 (Summer, 1962), pp. 52–72:'the  same messianic complex  which originated in Judaism and was confirmed in Christianity.' p. 53</ref><ref>Michael L. Morgan, Steven Weitzman,  (eds.,) [https://books.google.com/books?id=d3OPBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1  ''Rethinking the Messianic Idea in Judaism,''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210203500/https://books.google.com/books?id=d3OPBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |date=10 February 2023 }}  [[Indiana University Press]] 2014 {{isbn|978-0-253-01477-1}} p. 1. [[Gershom Scholem]] considered 'the messianic dimensions of the Kabbalah and of rabbinic Judaism as a central feature of a Jewish philosophy of history.'</ref> are incorporated in, and melded with the [[Christianity#Beliefs|tenets of Christianity]].<ref name =Meltonp373a /><ref name=Ariel2006p191a /><ref name=Ariel2006p194b /><ref name="Sherbok_179" /><ref name=Ariel2000p223 /> The movement generally states that [[Jesus]] is the Jewish Messiah, that he is one of the [[Trinity|Three Divine Persons]],<ref name="UMJC-3" /><ref name="Trinitarianism" /> and that [[Salvation (Christianity)|salvation]] is only achieved through acceptance of Jesus as one's savior.<ref name="JeC3" /> Some members of Messianic Judaism argue that it is a sect of Judaism.<ref name="MJSelfID" /> Jewish organizations of every denomination reject this, stating that Messianic Judaism is a Christian sect, because it teaches creeds which are identical to those of [[Pauline Christianity]], and because the conditions for Messiah to have come accordingly within traditional Jewish thought have not yet been met.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Aron |title=Can a Jew believe in Jesus? |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/160992/jewish/Can-a-Jew-believe-in-Jesus.htm |access-date=September 22, 2023 |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010133031/https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/160992/jewish/Can-a-Jew-believe-in-Jesus.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Denominations" /> Another religious movement is the [[Black Hebrew Israelite]] group, which not to be confused with less syncretic [[Black Judaism]] (a constellation of movements which, depending on their adherence to normative Jewish tradition, receive varying degrees of recognition by the broader Jewish community).

Other examples of [[syncretism]] include [[Semitic neopaganism]], loosely organized sects which incorporate [[paganism|pagan]], [[Goddess movement]] or [[Wicca]]n beliefs with some Jewish religious practices;<ref name="RaphaelMelissa">{{cite journal |surname=Raphael |given=Melissa |date=April 1998 |title=Goddess Religion, Postmodern Jewish Feminism, and the Complexity of Alternative Religious Identities |journal=[[Nova Religio]] |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=198–215 |doi=10.1525/nr.1998.1.2.198 |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/nr/article-abstract/1/2/198/70030/Goddess-Religion-Postmodern-Jewish-Feminism-and?redirectedFrom=PDF |url-access=registration |access-date=17 July 2023 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717021926/https://online.ucpress.edu/nr/article-abstract/1/2/198/70030/Goddess-Religion-Postmodern-Jewish-Feminism-and?redirectedFrom=PDF |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Jewish Buddhist]]s, another loosely organized group that incorporates elements of [[Buddhism]] and other Asian spirituality in their faith.<ref>{{cite book |surname=Cohn-Sherbok |given=Dan |author-link=Dan Cohn-Sherbok |chapter=Jewish Buddhists |title=Judaism Today |year=2010 |publisher=Continuum |place=London; New York |pages=98–100 |chapter-url={{Google books|id=kw8SBwAAQBAJ|plainurl=y|page=98|keywords=|text=}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kw8SBwAAQBAJ |isbn=978-0-8264-3829-4 |access-date=17 July 2023 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628053238/https://books.google.com/books?id=kw8SBwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Some [[Jewish Renewal|Renewal Jews]] borrow freely and openly from Buddhism, [[Sufism]], [[Native American religions]], and other faiths.<ref name="Magid2005" />{{sfn|Segal|2008|pp=123–129}}

The [[Kabbalah Centre]], which employs teachers from multiple religions, is a one of "[[New Age]] Judaism" movements{{sfn|Neusner|Avery-Peck|2003|pp=354–370|loc="New Age Judaism"}} that claims to popularize the [[kabbalah]], part of the [[Jewish mysticism|Jewish esoteric tradition]].<ref>{{cite book |surname=Myers |given=Jody Elizabeth |title=Kabbalah and the spiritual quest: the Kabbalah Centre in America |place=Westport, Conn |publisher=Praeger |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-275-98940-8 |url= https://archive.org/details/kabbalahspiritua0000myer |url-access=registration}}</ref>