COVID-19

=== Transmission and prevention research ===
{{Further|COVID-19 vaccine}}

[[Modeling and simulation|Modelling]] research has been conducted with several objectives, including predictions of the dynamics of transmission,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Kucharski AJ, Russell TW, Diamond C, Liu Y, Edmunds J, Funk S, Eggo RM  | title = Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study | journal = The Lancet. Infectious Diseases | volume = 20 | issue = 5 | pages = 553–558 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 32171059 | pmc = 7158569 | doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30144-4 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref> diagnosis and prognosis of infection,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal||date=3 February 2021|title=Update to living systematic review on prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33536183|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|volume=372|pages=n236|doi=10.1136/bmj.n236|issn=1756-1833|pmid=33536183|s2cid=231775762}}</ref> estimation of the impact of interventions,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Giordano G, Blanchini F, Bruno R, Colaneri P, Di Filippo A, Di Matteo A, Colaneri M  | title = Modelling the COVID-19 epidemic and implementation of population-wide interventions in Italy | journal = Nature Medicine | volume = 26 | issue = 6 | pages = 855–860 | date = June 2020 | pmid = 32322102 | pmc = 7175834 | doi = 10.1038/s41591-020-0883-7|arxiv=2003.09861 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Prem K, Liu Y, Russell TW, Kucharski AJ, Eggo RM, Davies N, Jit M, Klepac P  | title = The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study | journal = The Lancet. Public Health | volume = 5 | issue = 5 | pages = e261–e270 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 32220655 | pmc = 7158905 | doi = 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30073-6 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref> or allocation of resources.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Emanuel EJ, Persad G, Upshur R, Thome B, Parker M, Glickman A, Zhang C, Boyle C, Smith M, Phillips JP  | title = Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19 | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 382 | issue = 21 | pages = 2049–2055 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 32202722 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMsb2005114 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref> Modelling studies are mostly based on [[compartmental models in epidemiology]],<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||doi=10.1098/rspa.1927.0118 |volume=115 |issue=772 |pages=700–721 |title=A contribution to the mathematical theory of epidemics |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character |year=1927 |bibcode=1927RSPSA.115..700K |doi-access=free | title-link = doi | vauthors = Kermack WO, McKendrick AG }}</ref> estimating the number of infected people over time under given conditions. Several other types of models have been developed and used during the COVID{{nbhyph}}19 pandemic including [[computational fluid dynamics]] models to study the flow physics of COVID{{nbhyph}}19,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||doi=10.1017/jfm.2020.330 |volume=894 |pages=–2 | vauthors = Mittal R, Ni R, Seo JH |title=The flow physics of COVID-19 |journal=Journal of Fluid Mechanics |year=2020 |arxiv=2004.09354 |bibcode=2020JFM...894F...2M |doi-access=free | title-link = doi }}</ref> retrofits of crowd movement models to study occupant exposure,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Ronchi E, Lovreglio R | title = EXPOSED: An occupant exposure model for confined spaces to retrofit crowd models during a pandemic | journal = Safety Science | volume = 130 | pages = 104834 | date = October 2020 | pmid = 32834509 | pmc = 7373681 | doi = 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104834 | arxiv = 2005.04007 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref> mobility-data based models to investigate transmission,<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Badr HS, Du H, Marshall M, Dong E, Squire MM, Gardner LM | title = Association between mobility patterns and COVID-19 transmission in the USA: a mathematical modelling study | journal = The Lancet Infectious Diseases | volume = 20 | issue = 11 | pages = 1247–1254 | date = November 2020 | pmid = 32621869 | pmc = 7329287 | doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30553-3 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref> or the use of [[macroeconomic]] models to assess the economic impact of the pandemic.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = McKibbin W, Roshen F | title = The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: Seven scenarios |journal=CAMA Working Paper |year=2020 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3547729 |s2cid=216307705 |url= https://cama.crawford.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publication/cama_crawford_anu_edu_au/2020-03/19_2020_mckibbin_fernando_0.pdf }}</ref>