CSS

==Standardization==
===Frameworks===
{{Main article|CSS framework}}
[[CSS framework]]s are pre-prepared [[Library (computing)|libraries]] that are meant to allow for easier, more standards-compliant styling of [[web page]]s using the Cascading Style Sheets language. CSS frameworks include [[Blueprint (CSS framework)|Blueprint]], [[Bootstrap (front-end framework)|Bootstrap]], [[Foundation (framework)|Foundation]] and Materialize. Like programming and scripting language libraries, CSS frameworks are usually incorporated as external .css sheets referenced in the HTML {{code|lang=html|code=<head>}}. They provide a number of ready-made options for designing and laying out the web page. Although many of these frameworks have been published, some authors use them mostly for rapid prototyping, or for learning from, and prefer to 'handcraft' CSS that is appropriate to each published site without the design, maintenance and download overhead of having many unused features in the site's styling.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cederholm|first=Dan|title=Handcrafted CSS: More Bulletproof Web Design|year=2009|publisher=New Riders|isbn=978-0-321-64338-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UgrUeIwsS60C&pg=PA114|author2=Ethan Marcotte|access-date=19 June 2010|page=114|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220221903/https://books.google.com/books?id=UgrUeIwsS60C&pg=PA114|archive-date=20 December 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Blueprint====
{{Excerpt|Blueprint (CSS framework)|only=paragraph}}

====Bootstrap====
{{Excerpt|Bootstrap (front-end framework)|only=paragraph}}

====Foundation====
{{Excerpt|Foundation (framework)|only=paragraph}}

===Design methodologies===
As the size of CSS resources used in a project increases, a development team often needs to decide on a common design methodology to keep them organized. The goals are ease of development, ease of collaboration during development, and performance of the deployed stylesheets in the browser. Popular methodologies include OOCSS (object-oriented CSS), ACSS (atomic CSS), CSS (organic Cascade Style Sheet), SMACSS (scalable and modular architecture for CSS), and BEM (block, element, modifier).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Antti|first1=Hiljá|title=OOCSS, ACSS, BEM, SMACSS: what are they? What should I use?|url=https://clubmate.fi/oocss-acss-bem-smacss-what-are-they-what-should-i-use/|website=clubmate.fi|publisher=Hiljá|access-date=2 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602231126/https://clubmate.fi/oocss-acss-bem-smacss-what-are-they-what-should-i-use/|archive-date=2 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>