COVID-19 Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Other species == {{See also|Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals}} Humans appear to be capable of spreading the virus to some other animals,<ref name="Gryseels_2021_MammalReview">{{#invoke:cite journal||last1=Gryseels |first1=Sophie |last2=De Bruyn |first2=Luc |last3=Gyselings |first3=Ralf |last4=Calvignac-Spencer |first4=Sébastien |last5=Leendertz |first5=Fabian H. |last6=Leirs |first6=Herwig |title=Risk of human-to-wildlife transmission of SARS-CoV-2 |journal=Mammal Review |date=April 2021 |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=272–292 |doi=10.1111/mam.12225 |pmid=33230363 |pmc=7675675 |hdl=10067/1726730151162165141 |language=en |issn=0305-1838}}</ref><ref name="TanLam2022_NatComm">{{#invoke:cite journal||last1=Tan |first1=Cedric C. S. |last2=Lam |first2=Su Datt |last3=Richard |first3=Damien |last4=Owen |first4=Christopher J. |last5=Berchtold |first5=Dorothea |last6=Orengo |first6=Christine |last7=Nair |first7=Meera Surendran |last8=Kuchipudi |first8=Suresh V. |last9=Kapur |first9=Vivek |last10=van Dorp |first10=Lucy |last11=Balloux |first11=François |title=Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals and potential host adaptation |journal=Nature Communications |date=27 May 2022 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=2988 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-30698-6 |pmid=35624123 |pmc=9142586 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.2988T |url=https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30698-6 |access-date=28 February 2023 |language=en |issn=2041-1723}}</ref> a type of disease transmission referred to as [[Anthroponotic disease|zooanthroponosis]].<ref name="Pappas_MDPI_2022">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Pappas |first1=Georgios |last2=Vokou |first2=Despoina |last3=Sainis |first3=Ioannis |last4=Halley |first4=John M. |title=SARS-CoV-2 as a Zooanthroponotic Infection: Spillbacks, Secondary Spillovers, and Their Importance |journal=Microorganisms |date=November 2022 |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=2166 |doi=10.3390/microorganisms10112166 |pmid=36363758 |pmc=9696655 |language=en |issn=2076-2607|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="MunirAshraf_2020">{{#invoke:cite journal ||last1=Munir |first1=Khalid |last2=Ashraf |first2=Shoaib |last3=Munir |first3=Isra |last4=Khalid |first4=Hamna |last5=Muneer |first5=Mohammad Akram |last6=Mukhtar |first6=Noreen |last7=Amin |first7=Shahid |last8=Ashraf |first8=Sohaib |last9=Imran |first9=Muhammad Ahmad |last10=Chaudhry |first10=Umer |last11=Zaheer |first11=Muhammad Usman |last12=Arshad |first12=Maria |last13=Munir |first13=Rukhsana |last14=Ahmad |first14=Ali |last15=Zhao |first15=Xin |title=Zoonotic and reverse zoonotic events of SARS-CoV-2 and their impact on global health |journal=Emerging Microbes & Infections |date=1 January 2020 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=2222–2235 |doi=10.1080/22221751.2020.1827984 |pmid=32967592 |pmc=7594747 }}</ref> Some pets, especially cats and [[ferret]]s, can catch this virus from infected humans.<ref name="Kampf-2020">{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Kampf G, Brüggemann Y, Kaba HE, Steinmann J, Pfaender S, Scheithauer S, Steinmann E | title = Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2 | journal = The Journal of Hospital Infection | volume = 106 | issue = 4 | pages = 678–697 | date = December 2020 | pmid = 32956786 | pmc = 7500278 | doi = 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.022 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Shi J, Wen Z, Zhong G, Yang H, Wang C, Huang B, Liu R, He X, Shuai L, Sun Z, Zhao Y, Liu P, Liang L, Cui P, Wang J, Zhang X, Guan Y, Tan W, Wu G, Chen H, Bu Z | title = Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 | journal = Science | volume = 368 | issue = 6494 | pages = 1016–1020 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 32269068 | pmc = 7164390 | doi = 10.1126/science.abb7015 }}</ref> Symptoms in cats include [[Respiratory symptom|respiratory]] (such as a cough) and digestive symptoms.<ref name="Kampf-2020" /> Cats can spread the virus to other cats, and may be able to spread the virus to humans, but cat-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has not been proven.<ref name="Kampf-2020" /><ref name="Tazerji-2020">{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Salajegheh Tazerji S, Magalhães Duarte P, Rahimi P, Shahabinejad F, Dhakal S, Singh Malik Y, Shehata AA, Lama J, Klein J, Safdar M, Rahman MT, Filipiak KJ, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Sobur MA, Kabir F, Vazir B, Mboera L, Caporale M, Islam MS, Amuasi JH, Gharieb R, Roncada P, Musaad S, Tilocca B, Koohi MK, Taghipour A, Sait A, Subbaram K, Jahandideh A, Mortazavi P, Abedini MA, Hokey DA, Hogan U, Shaheen MN, Elaswad A, Elhaig MM, Fawzy M |title = Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review | journal = Journal of Translational Medicine | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 358 | date = September 2020 | pmid = 32957995 | pmc = 7503431 | doi = 10.1186/s12967-020-02534-2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Compared to cats, dogs are less susceptible to this infection.<ref name="Tazerji-2020" /> Behaviours which increase the risk of transmission include kissing, licking, and petting the animal.<ref name="Tazerji-2020" /> The virus does not appear to be able to infect [[pig]]s, [[domestic duck|ducks]], or chickens at all.<ref name="Kampf-2020" /> [[Mouse|Mice]], rats, and rabbits, if they can be infected at all, are unlikely to be involved in spreading the virus.<ref name="Tazerji-2020" /> Tigers and lions in zoos have become infected as a result of contact with infected humans.<ref name="Tazerji-2020" /> As expected, monkeys and [[great ape]] species such as [[orangutan]]s can also be infected with the COVID‑19 virus.<ref name="Tazerji-2020" /> [[Mink]]s, which are in the [[Weasel family|same family]] as ferrets, have been infected.<ref name="Tazerji-2020" /> Minks may be asymptomatic, and can also spread the virus to humans.<ref name="Tazerji-2020" /> Multiple countries have identified infected animals in [[mink farm]]s.<ref name="Gorman-2021">{{#invoke:cite news|| vauthors = Gorman J |date=22 January 2021|title=The Coronavirus Kills Mink, So They Too May Get a Vaccine|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/science/covid-mink-vaccine.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/science/covid-mink-vaccine.html |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-access=limited|access-date=24 February 2021|issn=0362-4331| url-status=live}}</ref> [[Denmark]], a major producer of mink pelts, ordered the slaughter of all minks over fears of viral mutations,<ref name="Gorman-2021" /> following an outbreak referred to as [[Cluster 5]]. A vaccine for mink and other animals is being researched.<ref name="Gorman-2021" /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page