Bachelor's degree

====Spain====
{{Main|Academic grading in Spain}}

In Spain, due to the ongoing transition to a model compliant with the [[Bologna agreement]], exact equivalents to the typical [[Anglosphere]] bachelor's degree and master's degree are being implemented progressively. Currently, there is an undergraduate bachelor's degree called "título de grado" or simply "grado" (its duration generally being four years), a postgraduate master's degree called "título de máster" or "máster" (between one and two years), and a doctor's degree called "título de doctor" or "doctorado". The "título de grado" is now the prerequisite to access a master's degree. The "título de máster" is now the prerequisite to access doctoral studies, and its duration and the kind of institutions that can teach these programs are regulated in the framework of the [[European Higher Education Area]].

Spanish university qualifications are now defined by law (currently RD 1509 of 12 September 2008),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.educacion.gob.es/ruct/home|title=Registro de Universidades, Centros y Títulos (RUCT) – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte|website=www.educacion.gob.es}}</ref> included the 2008 reform was the replacement of the Catalog of titles by the Registry of Universities, Centers and Titles (RUCT)

Up until 2009/2010, the system was split into three categories of degrees. There were the so-called first-cycle degrees: "diplomado" or "ingeniero técnico", with nominal durations varying between three and four years; there were also second-cycle degrees: "licenciado" or "ingeniero" with nominal durations varying between four and six years; and finally the third-cycle degrees: "doctor". The official first-cycle degrees are comparable in terms of duration, scope, and educational outcomes to an Anglo-Saxon bachelor's degree. Meanwhile, the second-cycle degrees are comparable in terms of duration, scope, and educational outcomes to an Anglo-Saxon bachelor's + master's degrees combination if compared with the Anglo-Saxon system. In this traditional system the access to doctoral studies was granted only to the holders of "licenciado", "ingeniero" or "arquitecto" (second-cycle) degrees, and the "master" or "magister" titles were unregulated (so, there coexisted so-called "master" programs with different durations, from some months to two years, backed by universities or centers without any official recognition) and only the reputation of the program/institution could back them.

Specialisation now includes about 800 specific recognised study programmes and qualification titles although he former general qualification nomenclature has been retained so that ''grade/licencado'' is approximately BA or BSc while ''maestro'' generally indicates a practice licence similar to MA  and ''doctorado''  a PhD published original research thesis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.observatoriuniversitari.org/es/files/2019/03/Informe-grados.pdf|title=Observatorio del Sistema Universitario¿Cuántos Y Cuáles? Creative Commons January 2019}}</ref>

'''''Note:''''' The [[Anglophone]] Bachelor's degree should not be confused with the official university entrance precursor, the [[Spanish Baccalaureate]] qualification available to ''[[Year Twelve]]'' students. That qualification is distinct from the  [[IB Diploma Programme|International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme]] for young adults with similar aspirations.