Tibet

=== Yuan dynasty ===
{{main|Mongol conquest of Tibet|Tibet under Yuan rule}}
[[File:Yuen Dynasty 1294 - Goryeo as vassal.png|thumb|upright=1.35|The Mongol [[Yuan dynasty]], c. 1294]]
The Mongol [[Yuan dynasty]], through the [[Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs]], or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. One of the department's purposes was to select a ''[[dpon-chen]]'' ("great administrator"), usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing.<ref name="China's Tibet Policy">Dawa Norbu. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kD8gTL6IIDYC&dq=Xuanzheng+Yuan&pg=PA139 China's Tibet Policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414142810/https://books.google.com/books?id=kD8gTL6IIDYC&dq=Xuanzheng+Yuan&pg=PA139 |date=April 14, 2023 }}'', p. 139. Psychology Press.</ref> The [[Sakya (tribe)|Sakya]] lama retained a degree of autonomy, acting as the political authority of the region, while the ''dpon-chen'' held administrative and military power. Mongol rule of Tibet remained separate from the main provinces of China, but the region existed [[Tibet under Yuan rule|under the administration of the Yuan dynasty]]. If the Sakya lama ever came into conflict with the ''dpon-chen'', the ''dpon-chen'' had the authority to send Chinese troops into the region.<ref name="China's Tibet Policy"/>

Tibet retained nominal power over religious and regional political affairs, while the Mongols managed a structural and administrative<ref>Wylie. p.104: 'To counterbalance the political power of the lama, Khubilai appointed civil administrators at the Sa-skya to supervise the mongol regency.'</ref> rule over the region, reinforced by the rare military intervention. This existed as a "[[diarchy|diarchic]] structure" under the Yuan emperor, with power primarily in favor of the Mongols.<ref name="China's Tibet Policy"/> Mongolian prince [[Khuden]] gained temporal power in Tibet in the 1240s and sponsored [[Sakya Pandita]], whose seat became the capital of Tibet. [[Drogön Chögyal Phagpa]], Sakya Pandita's nephew became [[Imperial Preceptor]] of [[Kublai Khan]], founder of the Yuan dynasty.

Yuan control over the region ended with the Ming overthrow of the Yuan and [[Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen]]'s revolt against the Mongols.<ref name="Rossabi194">Rossabi 1983, p. 194</ref> Following the uprising, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen founded the [[Phagmodrupa dynasty]], and sought to reduce Yuan influences over Tibetan culture and politics.<ref>Norbu, Dawa (2001) p. 57</ref>