Second Great Awakening

===West and Tidewater South===
On the [[American frontier]], evangelical denominations, especially [[Methodism|Methodists]] and [[Baptists]], sent missionary preachers and exhorters to meet the people in the backcountry in an effort to support the growth of church membership and the formation of new congregations.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Another key component of the revivalists' techniques was the [[camp meeting]]. These outdoor religious gatherings originated from field meetings and the [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Presbyterian]]s' "[[Communion season|Holy Fairs]]", which were brought to America in the mid-eighteenth century from [[Ireland]], [[Scotland]], and Britain's border counties. Most of the Scotch-Irish immigrants before the [[American Revolutionary War]] settled in the backcountry of [[Pennsylvania]] and down the spine of the [[Appalachian Mountains]] in present-day [[Maryland]] and [[Virginia]], where Presbyterian emigrants and Baptists held large outdoor gatherings in the years prior to the war. The Presbyterians and Methodists sponsored similar gatherings on a regular basis after the Revolution.<ref>{{cite journal| author= Kimberly Bracken Long | title =The Communion Sermons of James Mcgready: Sacramental Theology and Scots-Irish Piety on the Kentucky Frontier | journal =Journal of Presbyterian History | volume =80 | issue =1 | pages =3–16 | year=2002 }}{{ISSN|0022-3883}}. {{JSTOR|23336302}}. See also: {{cite web| author=Elizabeth Semancik |title=Backcountry Religious Ways: The North British Field-Meeting Style | work =Albion's Seed Grows in the Cumberland Gap | publisher =University of Virginia | date =May 1, 1997 |url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug97/albion/areligio.html | access-date =January 9, 2019}}</ref>

The denominations that encouraged the revivals were based on an interpretation of man's spiritual equality before God, which led them to recruit members and preachers from a wide range of classes and all races. Baptists and Methodist revivals were successful in some parts of the [[Tidewater (region)|Tidewater]] South, where an increasing number of common planters, [[Plain Folk of the Old South|plain folk]], and slaves were converted.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ppu4DwAAQBAJ&q=Tidewater+South,+second+great++awakening&pg=PA9|title=Imagining the End: The Apocalypse in American Popular Culture|last=Holte|first=Jim|date=2019-11-11|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-4408-6102-4|language=en}}</ref>