Provinces and territories of Canada

==Government==
{{Main|Canadian federalism}}
{{See also|Monarchy in the Canadian provinces|Office-holders of Canada|Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories}}
Theoretically, provinces have a great deal of power relative to the federal government, with jurisdiction over many [[Public good (economics)|public good]]s such as health care, education, welfare, and intra-provincial transportation.<ref name="Mahler1987">{{cite book|first=Gregory S.|last=Mahler|title=New Dimensions of Canadian Federalism: Canada in a Comparative Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/newdimensionsofc0000mahl|url-access=registration|year=1987|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press|isbn=978-0-8386-3289-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/newdimensionsofc0000mahl/page/86 86]|access-date=November 22, 2015}}</ref> They receive "[[transfer payment]]s" from the federal government to pay for these, as well as exacting their own taxes.<ref name="Peach2007">{{cite book|first=Ian|last=Peach|title=Constructing Tomorrows Federalism: New Perspectives on Canadian Governance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K8VkyxvK1VAC&pg=PA52|year=2007|publisher=Univ. of Manitoba Press|isbn=978-0-88755-315-8|page=52|access-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510100747/https://books.google.com/books?id=K8VkyxvK1VAC&pg=PA52|archive-date=May 10, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In practice, however, the federal government can use these transfer payments to influence these provincial areas. For instance, in order to receive healthcare funding under [[Medicare (Canada)|Medicare]], provinces must agree to meet certain federal mandates, such as universal access to required medical treatment.<ref name="Peach2007"/>

Provincial and territorial legislatures have no second chamber like the [[Senate of Canada|Canadian Senate]]. Originally, most provinces had such bodies, known as [[Legislative Council#Part of a bicameral legislature|legislative councils]], with members titled councillors. These upper houses were abolished one by one, Quebec's being the last in 1968.<ref name="Maclure2003wt">{{cite book|first=Jocelyn|last=Maclure|title=Quebec Identity: The Challenge of Pluralism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rDq-VVN4XtcC&pg=PA162|year=2003|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-7111-2|page=162|access-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501132404/https://books.google.com/books?id=rDq-VVN4XtcC&pg=PA162|archive-date=May 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In most provinces, the single house of the legislature is known as the Legislative Assembly; the exceptions are Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, where the chamber is called the [[House of Assembly]], and Quebec where it is called the [[National Assembly of Quebec|National Assembly]].<ref name="Tidridge2011nm">{{cite book|first=Nathan|last=Tidridge|title=Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: An Introduction to Our Form of Government|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JvGsvHsAtDgC&pg=PA281|year=2011|publisher=Dundurn|isbn=978-1-4597-0084-0|page=281|access-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514004708/https://books.google.com/books?id=JvGsvHsAtDgC&pg=PA281|archive-date=May 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Ontario has a legislative assembly but its members are called members of the Provincial Parliament or MPPs.<ref name="Pinto2012">{{cite book|first=Laura Elizabeth|last=Pinto|title=Curriculum Reform in Ontario: 'Common-Sense' Policy Processes and Democratic Possibilities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DYswZZ5gPIC&pg=PT325|year=2012|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-6158-5|page=325|access-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529132945/https://books.google.com/books?id=4DYswZZ5gPIC&pg=PT325|archive-date=May 29, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The legislative assemblies use a procedure similar to that of the [[House of Commons of Canada]]. The head of government of each province, called the [[Premier (Canada)|premier]], is generally the head of the party with the most seats.<ref name="Barnhart2004">{{cite book|first=Gordon|last=Barnhart|title=Saskatchewan Premiers of the Twentieth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lOX4Cal-54EC&pg=PR7|year=2004|publisher=University of Regina Press|isbn=978-0-88977-164-2|page=7|access-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527102212/https://books.google.com/books?id=lOX4Cal-54EC&pg=PR7|archive-date=May 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> This is also the case in Yukon, but the Northwest Territories and Nunavut have no political parties at the territorial level.<ref name="Zellen2009iu">{{cite book|first=Barry Scott|last=Zellen|title=On Thin Ice: The Inuit, the State, and the Challenge of Arctic Sovereignty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Syskcmi-5XMC&pg=PA54|year=2009|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-3280-7|page=54|access-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430214327/https://books.google.com/books?id=Syskcmi-5XMC&pg=PA54|archive-date=April 30, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The King's representative in each province is the [[Lieutenant Governor (Canada)|lieutenant governor]].<ref name="Tidridge2011po">{{cite book|first=Nathan|last=Tidridge|title=Canada's Constitutional Monarchy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KAvtMxqSDncC&pg=PA94|year=2011|publisher=Dundurn|isbn=978-1-55488-980-8|page=94|access-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617041001/https://books.google.com/books?id=KAvtMxqSDncC&pg=PA94|archive-date=June 17, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In each of the territories there is an analogous [[Commissioner#Canadian territories|commissioner]], but they represent the federal government rather than the monarch.<ref name="PikeMcCreery2011fr">{{cite book|first1=Corinna|last1=Pike|first2=Christopher|last2=McCreery|title=Canadian Symbols of Authority: Maces, Chains, and Rods of Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8x_k6AR1_IUC&pg=PT183|year=2011|publisher=Dundurn|isbn=978-1-4597-0016-1|page=183|access-date=November 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529022104/https://books.google.com/books?id=8x_k6AR1_IUC&pg=PT183|archive-date=May 29, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin:auto;"
|+ Federal, provincial, and territorial terminology compared
! Jurisdiction
! Legislature
! Lower house
! Members of lower house
! Superior court
! Head of government
! Viceroy
|-
! scope="row" | Canada
| Parliament
| House of Commons
| Member of Parliament (MP)
| Federal Court
| Prime minister
| Governor general
|-
| colspan="7"|
|-
! scope="row" | Ontario
| Parliament
| Legislative Assembly
| Member of the Provincial Parliament (MPP){{efn|name=OLA2| Members were previously titled "Member of the Legislative Assembly".}}
| Superior Court of Justice
| rowspan="10" | Premier
| rowspan="10" | Lieutenant governor
|-
! scope="row" | Quebec{{efn|name=National Assembly| Quebec's lower house was previously called the "Legislative Assembly" with members titled "Member of the Legislative Assembly". The name was changed at the same time Quebec's upper house was abolished.}}
| Legislature
| National Assembly
| Member of the National Assembly (MNA)
| Superior Court
|-
! scope="row" | Nova Scotia
| rowspan="1" | General Assembly
| rowspan="1" |House of Assembly
| rowspan="7" |Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA)
| rowspan="1" |Supreme Court
|-
! scope="row" | New Brunswick
| rowspan="2" | Legislature
| rowspan="6" | Legislative Assembly
| rowspan="2" | Court of King's Bench
|-
! scope="row" | Manitoba
|-
! scope="row" | British Columbia
| rowspan="1" | Parliament
| rowspan="2" | Supreme Court
|-
! scope="row" | Prince Edward Island{{efn|name=pei la| Prince Edward Island's lower house was previously called the "House of Assembly" and its members were titled "Assemblyman". After the abolition of its upper house, assemblymen and councillors both sat in the renamed "Legislative Assembly". Later, this practice was abolished so that all members would be titled "Member of the Legislative Assembly".}}
| rowspan="1" | General Assembly
|-
! scope="row" | Saskatchewan
| rowspan="2" | Legislature
| rowspan="2" | Court of King's Bench
|-
! scope="row" | Alberta
|-
! scope="row" | Newfoundland and Labrador
| rowspan="1" | General Assembly
| rowspan="1" |House of Assembly
| Member of the House of Assembly (MHA)
| rowspan="1" |Supreme Court
|-
| colspan="7"|
|-
! scope="row" | Northwest Territories
| Assembly
| rowspan="3" | Legislative Assembly
| rowspan="3" | Member of the Legislative Assembly
| rowspan="2" | Supreme Court
| rowspan="3" | Premier{{efn|name=government leader| In Northwest Territories and Yukon the head of government was previously titled "Government Leader".}}
| rowspan="3" |Commissioner
|-
! scope="row" | Yukon
| Legislature
|-
! scope="row" | Nunavut
| Assembly
| Court of Justice
|}

===Provincial legislature buildings===
<gallery class="center" width="165" height="120" perrow="5">
File:2011 Alberta Legislature Building 03.jpg|[[Alberta Legislature Building]]
File:British Columbia Parliament Buildings - panoramio.jpg|[[British Columbia Parliament Buildings]]
File:Parliamentwinnipeg manitoba.jpg|[[Manitoba Legislative Building]]
File:New Brunswick Legislature.png|[[New Brunswick Legislative Building]]
File:Confederation Building (front), St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.jpg|[[Confederation Building (Newfoundland and Labrador)|Newfoundland and Labrador Confederation Building]]
File:Province House (Nova Scotia).jpg|[[Province House (Nova Scotia)|Nova Scotia Province House]]
File:Ontario Legislative Building, Toronto, South view 20170417 1.jpg|[[Ontario Legislative Building]]
File:282 - Birthplace of Canada Charlottetown PEI.JPG|[[Province House (Prince Edward Island)|Prince Edward Island Province House]]
File:Quebec City (14765614666).jpg|[[Parliament Building (Quebec)|Quebec Parliament Building]]
File:Saskatchewan legislative building.jpg|[[Saskatchewan Legislative Building]]
</gallery>

===Territorial legislature buildings===
<gallery class="center" width="165px" height="120px" perrow="3">
File:Northwest Territories Legislative Building.jpg|[[Northwest Territories Legislative Building]]
File:Leg Building Iqaluit 2000-08-27.jpg|[[Legislative Building of Nunavut|Nunavut Legislative Building]]
File:Yukon Legislature main entrance.jpg|[[Yukon Legislative Building]]
</gallery>

=== Map ===
{{Canada image map}}