Price Daniel

==United States Senate==

In 1952, Daniel was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He was immediately taken under the wing of Senate Minority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson,<ref name="Price Daniel Dissertation-August 1999"/> with the senior senator helping to alleviate office space shortage by allowing Daniel's staff to work out of LBJ's office.

Daniel held positions on committees<ref name="Price Daniel Dissertation-August 1999"/> of the Interior; Interstate and Foreign Commerce; Post Office and Civil Service; and Judiciary, as well as Judiciary subcommittees on Internal Security and Juvenile Delinquency.

The new senator worked on a [[narcotics]] probe and reforming the [[United States electoral college|electoral college]].

Opposed to [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregation]] efforts, Senator Price Daniel joined 19 other senators and 77 members of the [[United States House of Representatives]] in signing the 1956 [[Southern Manifesto]],<ref name="The Southern Manifesto">{{cite web|title=The Southern Manifesto|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/sources_document2.html|publisher=Congressional Record, 84th Congress Second Session|access-date=2 June 2010}}</ref> which condemned the 1954 United States Supreme Court decision in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'',<ref name="Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)">{{cite web |url=http://laws.findlaw.com/us/347/483.html |title=Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) |work=FindLaw |access-date=2 June 2010}}</ref> and encouraged states to resist implementing it. The Supreme Court's 1958 ''[[Cooper v. Aaron]]''<ref name="Cooper v Aaron (1958)">{{cite web |url=http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=358&invol=1 |title=Cooper v Aaron (1958) |work=FindLaw |access-date=2 June 2010}}</ref> decision held that the states were bound to uphold the previous decision on desegregation.

===Tidelands and 1952 elections===

The most long-lasting accomplishment<ref name="Price Daniel Protects the Tidelands from Federal Control">{{cite news|last=Decker|first=James|title=Price Daniel Protects the Tidelands from Federal Control|url=http://www.texasrepublicnews.com/0/2151675/0/35992D35999/|newspaper=Republic of Texas News|date=26 August 2009}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> of Price Daniel was in helping to retain Texas title to the submerged lands, and mineral rights therein, off the coast. The victory has netted billions of dollars for Texas schools. Texas viewed this issue as of primary importance during the 1952 campaign. Eisenhower supported state ownership, while Adlai Stevenson stood in opposition. The state of Texas, including many prominent state Democratic party leaders, went with Eisenhower who won the state of Texas<ref name="1952 Presidential General Election Data">{{cite web|last=Leip|first=David|title=1952 Presidential General Election Data |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/ | publisher=David Leip|access-date=31 May 2010}}</ref> in the election.

The [[Tidelands]]<ref name="Tidelands Controversy"/> controversy was over who owned the rights to {{convert|2440650|acre|km2}} of submerged land in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] between low tide and the state's Gulfward boundary three leagues (10.35 miles) from shore. Texas acquired the rights as a republic, and later reserved the rights when it entered the Union in 1845. The Texas legislature authorized the School Land Board to execute the mineral leases on behalf of the Permanent School Fund.

Among coastal states, the Federal government claimed ownership when oil was discovered on the lands.<ref name="Tidelands Controversy">{{Handbook of Texas |author=Daniel, Price | name=Tidelands Controversy| id=mgt02|  retrieved=31 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> The first lawsuit, ''United States v. California, 332 U.S. 19'',<ref name="United States v. California, 332 U.S. 19 (1947)">{{cite web|title=United States v. California, 332 U.S. 19 (1947)|url=http://supreme.justia.com/us/332/19/|publisher=Justia.com|access-date=2 June 2010}}</ref> was filed by the Federal government against [[California]] in 1946. The attorneys general of all other states filed an [[amicus curiae]] brief in opposition. Price Daniel Sr., as Texas State Attorney General, argued the case before the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] on March 13–14, 1947, on behalf of all the other states. In 1947, the Supreme Court decided against California on June 23, 1947.

Congress presented a 1952 bill confirming states' ownership, which was vetoed by [[Harry Truman|President Harry Truman]].<ref name="The Public Lands and the Conservation Movement">{{cite book|last=Wyant|first=William K|title=Westward in Eden: The Public Lands and the Conservation Movement |year=1987|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-06183-5|pages=218–234}}</ref> In that same year, Presidential candidate [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|General Dwight D. Eisenhower]] stated his belief that the Annexation Agreement of Texas gave the rights to Texas. Candidate [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]] announced he would veto any bill out of Congress guaranteeing the rights to Texas. The Texas state Democratic convention passed a resolution urging all its members to vote for Eisenhower.

In 1953, then Senator Price Daniel
<ref name="The Tidelands Oil Controversy-The Development of Public Land Law in the United States">{{cite book |last=Bartley|first=Ernest|title=The Tidelands Oil Controversy-The Development of Public Land Law in the United States|year=1979|isbn=978-0-405-11368-0| publisher=Arno Press}}</ref> was one of 35 co-sponsors to the [[Florida]] Senator [[Spessard Holland]]-authored Senate Joint Resolution 13 restoring the right of the submerged lands to the coastal states.<ref name="Price Daniel Dissertation-August 1999">{{cite web|last=Waite|first=Charles V|title=Price Daniel Dissertation-August 1999|url=http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/available/etd-07312008-31295013725436/unrestricted/31295013725436.pdf|publisher=Texas Tech University|access-date=1 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815210200/http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/available/etd-07312008-31295013725436/unrestricted/31295013725436.pdf|archive-date=15 August 2011}}</ref> Daniel, together with [[Lyndon Johnson]], Spessard Holland and Senate Majority Leader [[Robert A. Taft]] worked tirelessly to overcome the 27-day filibuster of the bill, with it passing the Senate 56-35 votes, and approved by the House of Representatives on May 13. President Eisenhower signed the bill into law on May 22, 1953.