Pope John Paul II

=== Participation in Vatican II and subsequent events ===
From October 1962, Wojtyła took part in the [[Second Vatican Council]] (1962–1965),<ref name="A&E" /><ref name="Vatican2" /> where he made contributions to two of its most historic and influential products, the ''Decree on Religious Freedom'' (in Latin, ''[[Dignitatis humanae]]'') and the ''Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World'' (''[[Gaudium et spes]]'').<ref name="Vatican2" /> Wojtyła and the Polish bishops contributed a draft text to the Council for ''Gaudium et spes''. According to the [[Jesuit]] historian [[John W. O'Malley]], the draft text ''Gaudium et spes'' that Wojtyła and the Polish delegation sent "had some influence on the version that was sent to the council fathers that summer but was not accepted as the base text".<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Malley |first=John W. |title=What Happened at Vatican II |year=2008 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=978-0-674-03169-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/whathappenedatva00omal/page/204 204–205] |url=https://archive.org/details/whathappenedatva00omal/page/204 }}</ref> According to John F. Crosby, as pope, John Paul II used the words of ''Gaudium et spes'' later to introduce his own views on the nature of the human person in relation to God: man is "the only creature on earth that God has wanted for its own sake", but man "can fully discover his true self only in a sincere giving of himself".<ref>{{cite book |last=Crosby |first=John F. |year=2000 |chapter=John Paul II's Vision of Sexuality and Marriage: The Mystery of "Fair Love" |title=The Legacy of Pope John Paul II: His Contribution to Catholic Thought |page=54 |publisher=Crossroad |isbn=978-0-8245-1831-8 |editor-last=Gneuhs |editor-first=Geoffrey}}</ref>

He also participated in the assemblies of the [[Synod]] of Bishops.<ref name="A&E" /><ref name="ShortBio" /> On 13 January 1964, [[Pope Paul VI]] appointed him Archbishop of Kraków.<ref name="VaticanNewsService" /> On 26 June 1967, Paul VI announced Wojtyła's promotion to the [[College of Cardinals]].<ref name="Vatican2" /><ref name="VaticanNewsService" /> Wojtyła was named [[cardinal priest]] of the [[Titular church|titulus]] of [[San Cesareo in Palatio]].

In 1967, he was instrumental in formulating the [[encyclical]] ''[[Humanae vitae]]'', which dealt with the same issues that forbid abortion and [[birth control|artificial birth control]].<ref name="Vatican2" /><ref name="Memory" /><ref name="HV" />

According to a contemporary witness, Wojtyła was against the distribution of a letter around Kraków in 1970, stating that the Polish Episcopate was preparing for the 50th anniversary of the [[Polish–Soviet War]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

In 1973, Wojtyła met philosopher [[Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka]], the wife of [[Hendrik S. Houthakker]], professor of economics at [[Stanford University]] and [[Harvard University]], and member of President [[Richard M. Nixon|Nixon]]'s [[Council of Economic Advisers]]<ref name="Stourton">{{Cite news|last=Stourton|first=Ed|title = The secret letters of Pope John Paul II – BBC News|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35552997|website = BBC News|access-date = 15 February 2016|date=15 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Guardian-letters">{{cite news|last1=Kirchgaessner|first1=Stephanie|title=Pope John Paul II letters reveal 32-year relationship with woman|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/15/pope-john-paul-ii-letters-reveal-32-year-relationship-with-woman|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=16 February 2016|date=15 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph 2016" /> Tymieniecka collaborated with Wojtyła on a number of projects including an English translation of Wojtyła's book [[Pope John Paul II bibliography|''Osoba i czyn'']] (''Person and Act''). ''Person and Act'', one of John Paul II's foremost literary works, was initially written in Polish.<ref name="Guardian-letters" /> Tymieniecka produced the English-language version.<ref name="Guardian-letters" /> They corresponded over the years, and grew to be good friends.<ref name="Guardian-letters" /><ref name="Panarama" /> When Wojtyła visited New England in the summer of 1976, Tymieniecka put him up as a guest in her family home.<ref name="Guardian-letters" /><ref name="Panarama" /> Wojtyła enjoyed his holiday in [[Pomfret, Vermont]], kayaking and enjoying the outdoors, as he had done in his beloved Poland.<ref name="Guardian-letters" />{{sfn|Stourton|2006|p=103}}

During 1974–1975, Wojtyła served [[Pope Paul VI]] as consultor to the [[Pontifical Council for the Laity]], as recording secretary for the 1974 synod on evangelism and by participating extensively in the original drafting of the 1975 [[apostolic exhortation]], ''[[Evangelii nuntiandi]]''.<ref>Moreira Neves, Lucas Cardinal. "EVANGELII NUNTIANDI: PAUL VI'S PASTORAL TESTAMENT TO THE CHURCH". Eternal Word Television Network.</ref>