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Do not fill this in! == Natural characteristics == === <span id="Geography and extent">Geography</span> === {{Main|Geography of North America}} [[File:Physical Features of North America map by Tom Patterson v. 1.01, meters.jpg|thumb|North America's landforms and land cover depicted in a 2021 map]] [[File:Saguaro National Park - Flickr - Joe Parks.jpg|thumb|The [[Sonoran Desert]] in [[Arizona]]]] [[File:Moraine Lake 17092005.jpg|thumb|[[Moraine Lake]] in [[Banff National Park]] in [[Alberta]]]] [[File:Nuuk city below Sermitsiaq.JPG|thumb|[[Nuuk]], the capital of [[Greenland]]]] North America occupies the northern portion of the landmass generally referred to as the New World, the [[Western Hemisphere]], the Americas, or simply America, which, in many countries, is considered a single continent<ref name="IOC">{{cite web |url = http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_672.pdf |title = The Olympic symbols |publisher = [[International Olympic Committee]] |year = 2002 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307073846/http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_672.pdf |archive-date = 7 March 2008 |location = Lausanne: Olympic Museum and Studies Centre }} The five rings of the [[Olympic symbols#Olympic emblems|Olympic flag]] represent the five inhabited, participating continents ([http://www.moscow2001.olympic.org/en/pdf/members_by_continent.pdf Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020223205800/http://www.moscow2001.olympic.org/en/pdf/members_by_continent.pdf |date=23 February 2002 }}).</ref><ref name="Oceano">{{cite book|title=Océano Uno, Diccionario Enciclopédico y Atlas Mundial |chapter=Continente |pages=392, 1730 |isbn=978-84-494-0188-6|last1=Equipo |year=1997 |publisher=Océano }}{{author missing|date=February 2014}}</ref><ref name="cincocontinentes">{{cite book|title=Los Cinco Continentes (The Five Continents) |publisher=Planeta-De Agostini Editions |year=1997 |isbn=978-84-395-6054-8}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> with North America a [[Continent#Subcontinents|subcontinent]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Encarta, "Norteamérica" |url=http://mx.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562468/Norteam%C3%A9rica.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130015145/http://mx.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562468/Norteam%C3%A9rica.html |archive-date=30 January 2009 |url-status=dead |language=es }}</ref><ref name="britannica-northamerica">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/418612/North-America|title=North America|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=3 February 2014|archive-date=20 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520211322/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/418612/North-America|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Map And Details Of All 7 Continents|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/contnent.htm|access-date=2 September 2016|publisher=worldatlas.com|quote=In some parts of the world, students are taught that there are only six continents, as they combine North America and South America into one continent called the Americas.|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032048/http://worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/contnent.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> North America is the third-largest continent by area after [[Asia]] and [[Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rosenberg|first=Matt|date=11 April 2020|title=Ranking the 7 Continents by Size and Population|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/continents-ranked-by-size-and-population-4163436|access-date=27 August 2020|website=ThoughtCo|language=en|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101002537/https://www.thoughtco.com/continents-ranked-by-size-and-population-4163436|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=North America Land Forms and Statistics|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nalandst.htm|access-date=16 June 2013|publisher=World Atlas.com|archive-date=23 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623010048/http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nalandst.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> North America's only land connection to [[South America]] is in present-day [[Panama]] at the [[Darien Gap]] on the [[Colombia]]-Panama border, placing almost all of Panama within North America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#americas |title=Americas |work=Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49) |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |access-date=3 February 2014 |archive-date=11 December 2009 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20091211114207/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#americas |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/north_america/referencemap_image_view |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021010223/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/north_america/referencemap_image_view |archive-date=21 October 2006 |title=North America |work=Atlas of Canada}}</ref><ref name="North America Atlas">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=nameri&Rootmap=&Mode=d&SubMode=w |title=North America Atlas |magazine=National Geographic |access-date=12 May 2011 |archive-date=25 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525180734/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/education/?xpop=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alternatively, some geologists physiographically locate its southern limit at the [[Isthmus of Tehuantepec]], Mexico, with Central America extending southeastward to South America from this point.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Central America|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102196/Central-America|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=28 June 2011|archive-date=8 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708183740/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102196/Central-America|url-status=live}}</ref> The Caribbean islands, or West Indies, are considered part of North America.<ref name=britannica-northamerica/> The continental coastline is long and irregular. The [[Gulf of Mexico]] is the largest body of water indenting the continent, followed by [[Hudson Bay]]. Others include the [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]] and the [[Gulf of California]]. Before the Central American isthmus formed, the region had been underwater. The islands of the [[West Indies]] delineate a submerged former [[land bridge]], which had connected North and South America via what are now [[Florida]] and [[Venezuela]]. There are several islands off the continent's coasts; principally, the Arctic Archipelago, the [[Bahamas]], [[Turks and Caicos]], the [[Greater Antilles|Greater]] and [[Lesser Antilles]], the [[Aleutian Islands]] (some of which are in the [[Eastern Hemisphere]] proper), the [[Alexander Archipelago]], the many thousand islands of the British Columbia Coast, and Newfoundland. Greenland, a self-governing Danish island, and the [[list of islands by area|world's largest]], is on the same [[tectonic plate]] (the [[North American Plate]]) and is part of North America geographically. In a geologic sense, Bermuda is not part of the Americas, but an oceanic island that was formed on the fissure of the [[Mid-Atlantic Ridge]] over 100 [[million years ago]] (mya). The nearest landmass to it is [[Cape Hatteras]], [[North Carolina]]. However, Bermuda is often thought of as part of North America, especially given its historical, political and cultural ties to [[Virginia]] and other parts of the continent. The vast majority of North America is on the North American Plate. Parts of western Mexico, including Baja California, and of [[California]], including the cities of [[San Diego]], [[Los Angeles]], and [[Santa Cruz, California|Santa Cruz]], lie on the eastern edge of the [[Pacific Plate]], with the two plates meeting along the [[San Andreas fault]]. The southernmost portion of the continent and much of the West Indies lie on the [[Caribbean Plate]], whereas the [[Juan de Fuca Plate|Juan de Fuca]] and [[Cocos Plate|Cocos plates]] border the North American Plate on its western frontier. The continent can be divided into four great regions (each of which contains many subregions): the [[Great Plains]] stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the [[Northern Canada|Canadian Arctic]]; the geologically young, mountainous west, including the [[Rocky Mountains]], the [[Great Basin]], [[Geography of California|California]] and [[Alaska]]; the raised but relatively flat plateau of the Canadian Shield in the northeast; and the varied eastern region, which includes the Appalachian Mountains, the coastal plain along the Atlantic seaboard, and the Florida peninsula. Mexico, with its long [[plateau]]s and [[American cordillera|cordilleras]], falls largely in the western region, although the eastern coastal plain does extend south along the Gulf. The western mountains are split in the middle into the main range of the Rockies and the [[Pacific Coast Ranges|coast ranges]] in [[California]], [[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], and [[British Columbia]], with the Great Basin—a lower area containing smaller ranges and low-lying deserts—in between. The highest peak is [[Denali]] in Alaska. The [[U.S. Geographical Survey]] (USGS) states that the geographic center of North America is "6 miles [10 km] west of [[Balta, North Dakota|Balta, Pierce County, North Dakota]]" at about {{Coord|48|10|N|100|10|W}}, about {{convert|15|mi|km|order=flip|sp=us}} from [[Rugby, North Dakota]]. The USGS further states that "No marked or monumented point has been established by any government agency as the geographic center of either the 50 states, the conterminous United States, or the North American continent."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722022527/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html | archive-date=22 July 2012 | title=Elevations and Distances }}</ref> Nonetheless, there is a {{Convert|15|ft|abbr=out|adj=on|order=flip|sp=us}} field stone [[obelisk]] in Rugby claiming to mark the center. The North American [[continental pole of inaccessibility]] is located {{cvt|1650|km}} from the nearest coastline, between [[Allen, South Dakota|Allen]] and [[Kyle, South Dakota]] at {{Coord|43.36|N|101.97|W|name=Pole of Inaccessibility North America}}.<ref name="PIA">{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/14702540801897809 |volume=123 |issue=3 |pages=227–233 |last1=Garcia-Castellanos |first1=D. |last2=Lombardo |first2=U. |title=Poles of Inaccessibility: A Calculation Algorithm for the Remotest Places on Earth |journal=Scottish Geographical Journal |date=2007 |bibcode=2007ScGJ..123..227G |s2cid=55876083 |url=http://cuba.ija.csic.es/~danielgc/papers/Garcia-Castellanos,%20Lombardo,%202007,%20SGJ.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629230429/http://cuba.ija.csic.es/~danielgc/papers/Garcia-Castellanos,%20Lombardo,%202007,%20SGJ.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2014 }}</ref> === Geology === {{Main|Geology of North America}} ==== Geologic history ==== [[File:NorthAmerica-WaterDivides.png|thumb|The principal water divisions in [[Canada]], the [[United States]], and [[Mexico]]]] [[Laurentia]] is an ancient [[craton]] which forms the geologic core of North America; it formed between 1.5 and 1.0 billion years ago during the [[Proterozoic]] eon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dalziel |first=I.W.D. |year=1992 |title=On the organization of American Plates in the Neoproterozoic and the breakout of Laurentia |journal=GSA Today |volume=2 |issue=11 |pages=237–241}}</ref> The [[Canadian Shield]] is the largest exposure of this craton. From the Late [[Paleozoic]] to Early [[Mesozoic]] eras, North America was joined with the other modern-day continents as part of the supercontinent [[Pangaea]], with [[Eurasia]] to its east. One of the results of the formation of Pangaea was the [[Appalachian Mountains]], which [[Taconic orogeny|formed]] some 480 mya, making it among the oldest mountain ranges in the world. When Pangaea began to rift around 200 mya, North America became part of [[Laurasia]], before it separated from Eurasia as its own continent during the mid-[[Cretaceous]] period.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|last1=Merali |first1=Zeeya |last2=Skinner |first2=Brian J. |title=Visualizing Earth Science |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-41847-5|date=9 January 2009 }}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> The Rockies and other western mountain ranges began forming around this time from a period of mountain building called the [[Laramide orogeny]], between 80 and 55 mya. The formation of the [[Isthmus of Panama]] that connected the continent to South America arguably occurred approximately 12 to 15 mya,<ref name="Origins">{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/50450-when-panama-land-bridge-appeared.html|title=Land Bridge Linking Americas Rose Earlier Than Thought|work=LiveScience.com|date=10 April 2015|access-date=3 October 2015|archive-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004171848/http://www.livescience.com/50450-when-panama-land-bridge-appeared.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Great Lakes]] (as well as many other northern freshwater lakes and rivers) were carved by receding glaciers about 10,000 years ago. North America is the source of much of what humanity knows about [[geologic time]] periods.<ref name="dinopedia-american"/> The geographic area that would later become the United States has been the source of more varieties of [[dinosaur]]s than any other modern country.<ref name="dinopedia-american"/> According to [[Paleontology|paleontologist]] Peter Dodson, this is primarily due to stratigraphy, climate and geography, human resources, and history.<ref name="dinopedia-american"/> Much of the Mesozoic Era is represented by exposed outcrops in the many arid regions of the continent.<ref name="dinopedia-american">{{cite book|last=Dodson |first=Peter |year=1997 |chapter=American Dinosaurs |title=Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs |editor1-last=Currie |editor1-first=Phillip J. |editor2-last=Padian |editor2-first=Kevin |publisher=Academic Press |pages=10–13}}</ref> The most significant [[Late Jurassic]] dinosaur-bearing fossil deposit in North America is the [[Morrison Formation]] of the western U.S.<ref name="jurassicdistribution">{{cite book|last=Weishampel |first=David B. |year=2004 |title=Dinosaur distribution (Late Jurassic, North America)|editor-last1=Weishampel |editor-first1=David B. |editor2-last=Dodson |editor2-first=Peter |editor3-last=Halszka |editor3-first=Osmólska |series=The Dinosauria |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |pages=543–545 |isbn=978-0-520-24209-8}}</ref> ==== Canada ==== {{Main|Canada}} [[File:USGS Geologic Map of North America.jpg|thumb|A geologic map of North America published by the [[U.S. Geographical Survey]]]] [[Canada]] is geographically one of the oldest regions in the world, with more than half of the region consisting of [[Precambrian]] rocks that have been above sea level since the beginning of the [[Palaeozoic]] era.<ref name="Marianopolis">{{cite book|last=Wallace |first=Stewart W. |url=http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/GeologyofCanada.htm |title=Geology Of Canada |series=The Encyclopedia of Canada |volume=III |place=Toronto |publisher=University Associates of Canada |year=1948 |pages=23–26 |via=Marianopolis College |access-date=1 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704145706/http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/GeologyofCanada.htm |archive-date=4 July 2010 }}</ref> Canada's mineral resources are diverse and extensive.<ref name="Marianopolis"/> Across the Canadian Shield and in the north there are large iron, nickel, [[zinc]], copper, gold, lead, [[molybdenum]], and [[uranium]] reserves. Large diamond concentrations have been recently developed in the Arctic,<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/science/planetearth/magazine/16-12/ff_diamonds_sb |title=Digging for Diamonds 24/7 Under Frozen Snap Lake |magazine=Wired |access-date=1 June 2011 |archive-date=3 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903095743/http://www.wired.com/science/planetearth/magazine/16-12/ff_diamonds_sb |url-status=live }}</ref> making Canada one of the world's largest producers. Throughout the Shield, there are many mining towns extracting these minerals. The largest, and best known, is [[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]], Ontario. Sudbury is an exception to the normal process of forming minerals in the Shield since there is significant evidence that the [[Sudbury Basin]] is an ancient [[meteorite]] [[impact crater]]. The nearby, but less-known [[Temagami Magnetic Anomaly]] has striking similarities to the Sudbury Basin. Its magnetic anomalies are very similar to the Sudbury Basin, and so it could be a second metal-rich impact crater.<ref name="GH">{{cite news|url=http://gdcinfo.agg.nrcan.gc.ca/app/3Dimaging/temagami_e.html |title=3-D Magnetic Imaging using Conjugate Gradients: Temagami anomaly |access-date=13 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711184237/http://gdcinfo.agg.nrcan.gc.ca/app/3Dimaging/temagami_e.html |archive-date=11 July 2009 }}</ref> The Shield is also covered by vast boreal forests that support an important logging industry. ==== United States ==== {{Main|United States}} The [[Contiguous United States|lower 48 U.S. states]] can be divided into roughly five [[physiographic]] provinces: # The [[American Cordillera|American cordillera]] # The [[Canadian Shield]]<ref name="Marianopolis"/> Northern portion of the upper [[Midwestern United States|midwestern U.S.]] # The stable platform # The [[coastal plain]] # The Appalachian [[orogeny|orogenic]] belt The geology of [[Alaska]] is typical of that of the cordillera, while the major islands of [[Hawaii]] consist of [[Neogene]] [[volcano|volcanics]] erupted over a [[hotspot (geology)|hot spot]]. {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | header = | header_align = left/right/center | header_background = | footer = | footer_background = | width = | image1 = North america terrain 2003 map.jpg | width1 = 180 | caption1 = A 2003 image of North America's [[bedrock]] and terrain | image2 = North america basement rocks.png | width2 = 180 | caption2 = A 2015 map of North America's [[craton]]s and basement rocks }} ==== Central America ==== {{Main|Central America}} [[File:Tectonic plates Caribbean.png|thumb|[[Central America]] rests on the [[Caribbean Plate]].]] [[Central America]] is geologically active with [[volcanic eruption]]s and earthquakes occurring from time to time. In 1976 Guatemala was hit by [[1976 Guatemala earthquake|a major earthquake]], killing 23,000 people; Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, was devastated by earthquakes in 1931 and 1972, the last one killing about 5,000 people; three earthquakes devastated El Salvador, one in 1986 and two in 2001; one [[2009 Costa Rica earthquake|earthquake]] devastated northern and central Costa Rica in 2009, killing at least 34 people; in [[2009 Honduras earthquake|Honduras]] a powerful earthquake killed seven people in 2009. Volcanic eruptions are common in the region. In 1968 the [[Arenal Volcano]], in Costa Rica, erupted and killed 87 people. Fertile soils from weathered volcanic lavas have made it possible to sustain dense populations in agriculturally productive highland areas. Central America has many [[mountain range]]s; the longest are the [[Sierra Madre de Chiapas]], the [[Cordillera Isabelia]], and the [[Cordillera de Talamanca]]. Between the mountain ranges lie fertile valleys that are suitable for the people; in fact, most of the population of Honduras, Costa Rica, and Guatemala live in valleys. Valleys are also suitable for the production of coffee, beans, and other crops. === Climate === [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map North America present.svg|thumb|A Köppen climate classification map of North America]] North America is a very large continent that extends from north of the [[Arctic Circle]] to south of the [[Tropic of Cancer]]. Greenland, along with the [[Canadian Shield]], is [[tundra]] with average temperatures ranging from {{cvt|10|to|20|C}}, but central Greenland is composed of a very large ice sheet. This tundra radiates throughout Canada, but its border ends near the Rocky Mountains (but still contains Alaska) and at the end of the Canadian Shield, near the [[Great Lakes]]. Climate west of the [[Cascade Range]] is described as being temperate weather with average precipitation {{convert|20|in|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cses.washington.edu/cig/pnwc/pnwc.shtml|title=Cascades weather|author=University of Washington|work=University of Washington|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=10 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310162902/http://cses.washington.edu/cig/pnwc/pnwc.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Climate in coastal California is described to be [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]], with average temperatures in cities like [[San Francisco]] ranging from {{cvt|57|to|70|F}} over the course of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sftodo.com/sanfranciscoweather.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719235932/http://www.sftodo.com/sanfranciscoweather.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 July 2013|title=Temperature of San Francisco|author=SF to do|work=tourism}}</ref> Stretching from the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] to eastern [[North Dakota]], and stretching down to [[Kansas]], is the [[humid continental climate]] featuring intense seasons, with a large amount of annual precipitation, with places like [[New York City]] averaging {{cvt|50|in}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/New-York/average-yearly-precipitation.php|title=Rainfall of NYC|work=Current Results|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=5 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705180619/http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/New-York/average-yearly-precipitation.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Starting at the southern border of the humid continental climate and stretching to the [[Gulf of Mexico]] (whilst encompassing the eastern half of Texas) is the [[humid subtropical climate]]. This area has the wettest cities in the [[contiguous U.S.]], with annual precipitation reaching {{cvt|67|in}} in [[Mobile, Alabama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/1558-study-reveals-top-10-wettest-cities.html|title=Top 10 wettest cities|first=Andrea|last=Thompson|work=livescience|date=18 May 2007|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=15 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215104426/http://www.livescience.com/1558-study-reveals-top-10-wettest-cities.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Stretching from the borders of the humid continental and subtropical climates, and going west to the [[Sierra Nevada]], south to the southern tip of [[Durango]], north to the border with tundra climate, the [[semi-arid climate|steppe]]/[[desert climate|desert]] climates are the driest in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.comcast.net/~rhaberlin/crpptnts.htm |date=2015 |title=Climates Regions of North America |first=Rita D. |last=Haberlin |work=Peralta Colleges, Physical Geography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002103016/http://home.comcast.net/~rhaberlin/crpptnts.htm |archive-date=2 October 2015 }}</ref> Highland climates cut from north to south of the continent, where [[Subtropics|subtropical]] or [[temperate climate]]s occur just below the tropics, as in central [[Mexico]] and [[Guatemala]]. [[Tropical climate]]s appear in the [[island]] regions and in the subcontinent's bottleneck, found in countries and states bathed by the [[Caribbean Sea]] or to the south of the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.naturalhistoryonthenet.com/Continents/north_america.htm|title=Facts and Information about the Continent of North America|date=7 July 2016|work=Natural History on the Net|access-date=15 September 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915125641/http://www.naturalhistoryonthenet.com/Continents/north_america.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Precipitation patterns vary across the region, and as such [[tropical rainforest climate|rainforest]], [[tropical monsoon climate|monsoon]], and [[tropical savanna climate|savanna]] types can be found, with rains and high temperatures throughout the year. === Ecology === {{See also|Fauna of the United States|Flora of the United States|Wildlife of Canada}} Notable North American fauna include the [[American bison|bison]], [[American black bear|black bear]], [[jaguar]], [[cougar]], [[prairie dog]], [[turkey (bird)|turkey]], [[pronghorn]], [[raccoon]], [[coyote]], and [[monarch butterfly]]. Notable plants that were domesticated in North America include [[tobacco]], [[maize]], [[Cucurbita|squash]], [[tomato]], [[sunflower]], [[blueberry]], [[avocado]], [[Mexican cotton|cotton]], [[chile pepper]], and [[vanilla]]. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page