Michael Jackson

=== Pepsi incident and other commercial activities (1984–1985) ===
In November 1983, Jackson and his brothers partnered with [[PepsiCo]] in a $5{{nbsp}}million promotional deal that broke records for a celebrity endorsement (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|5000000|1983|r=-5}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}). The first Pepsi campaign, which ran in the US from 1983 to 1984 and launched its "New Generation" theme, included tour sponsorship, public relations events, and in-store displays. Jackson helped to create the advertisement, and suggested using his song "Billie Jean", with revised lyrics, as its [[jingle]].<ref name="Herrera2">{{cite magazine |first=Monica |last=Herrera |title=Michael Jackson, Pepsi Made Marketing History |magazine=Billboard |date=July 3, 2009 |access-date=May 31, 2015 |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268213/michael-jackson-pepsi-made-marketing-history |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011095514/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268213/michael-jackson-pepsi-made-marketing-history |url-status=live }}</ref>

On January 27, 1984, Michael and other members of the Jacksons filmed a Pepsi commercial overseen by [[Phil Dusenberry]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Louise |last=Story |title=Philip B. Dusenberry, 71, Adman, Dies |newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 31, 2007 |access-date=May 31, 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/31/business/media/31dusenberry.html |archive-date=June 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605105452/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/31/business/media/31dusenberry.html |url-status=live }}</ref> a [[BBDO]] ad agency executive, and [[Alan Pottasch]], Pepsi's Worldwide Creative Director, at the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in Los Angeles. During a simulated concert before a full house of fans, pyrotechnics accidentally set Jackson's hair on fire, causing [[Burn|second-degree burns]] to his scalp. Jackson underwent treatment to hide the scars and had his third rhinoplasty shortly thereafter.<ref>{{cite press release |first=Sindhu |last=Shivaprasad |title=Reliving the icon who defined music history: The eternal moonwalker, King of Pop – Michael Jackson |work=[[Big News Network]] |date=August 30, 2016 |access-date=December 1, 2021 |url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/247179399/reliving-the-icon-who-defined-music-history-the-eternal-moonwalker-king-of-pop---michael-jackson |archive-date=November 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107111421/https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/247179399/reliving-the-icon-who-defined-music-history-the-eternal-moonwalker-king-of-pop---michael-jackson |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pepsi settled out of court, and Jackson donated the $1.5{{nbsp}}million settlement to the [[Southern California Hospital at Culver City|Brotman Medical Center]] in [[Culver City, California]]; its now-closed Michael Jackson Burn Center was named in his honor.{{sfn|Taraborrelli|2009|pp=279–287}}<ref>{{cite press release |title=Michael Jackson Burn Center Closes |work=Associated Press News |date=August 28, 1987 |url=https://apnews.com/article/07fd5f477d6551db862e18a0e27eed37 |url-status= live |archive-date= February 28, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210228044639/https://apnews.com/article/07fd5f477d6551db862e18a0e27eed37}}</ref> Jackson signed a second agreement with Pepsi in the late 1980s for $10{{nbsp}}million. The second campaign covered 20 countries and provided financial support for Jackson's ''Bad'' album and 1987–88 world tour. Jackson had endorsements and advertising deals with other companies, such as [[LA Gear]], [[Suzuki]], and [[Sony]], but none were as significant as his deals with Pepsi.<ref name="Herrera2" />
[[File:The Jacksons, Victory Tour, Arrowhead Stadium, 1984.jpg|thumb|276x276px|The Jacksons performing during their Victory Tour at the [[Arrowhead Stadium]], 1984]]
The [[Victory Tour (The Jacksons)|Victory Tour]] of 1984 headlined the Jacksons and showcased Jackson's new solo material to more than two million Americans. It was the last tour he did with his brothers.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=1984 Michael Jackson Tour |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |date=July 15, 1984 |access-date=December 1, 2021 |url=https://www.newsweek.com/1984-michael-jackson-tour-207028 |archive-date=December 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205230250/https://www.newsweek.com/1984-michael-jackson-tour-207028 |url-status=live }}</ref> Following [[Victory Tour (The Jacksons tour)#Ticket controversy and other business issues|controversy over the concert's ticket sales]], Jackson donated his share of the proceeds, an estimated {{Nowrap|$3 to 5 million}}, to charity.<ref>{{cite web |first=Joseph |last=Vogel |author-link=Joseph Vogel (author) |title=Michael Jackson's Forgotten Humanitarian Legacy |website=[[HuffPost]] |date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=December 1, 2021 |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/michael-jacksons-forgotten-humanitarian-legacy_b_59c7c8d3e4b08d661550436a |archive-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108075919/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/michael-jacksons-forgotten-humanitarian-legacy_b_59c7c8d3e4b08d661550436a |url-status=live }}</ref> During the last concert of the Victory Tour at the [[Dodger Stadium]] in Los Angeles, Jackson announced his split from the Jacksons during "Shake Your Body".<ref>{{cite book |first1=Richard |last1=Lecocq |first2=François |last2=Allard |year=2018 |title=Michael Jackson All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track |location=London, England |publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell]] |isbn=978-1-78840-057-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qJfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT384 |access-date=December 1, 2021 |archive-date=March 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111942/https://books.google.com/books?id=4qJfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT384 |url-status=live }}</ref>

With [[Lionel Richie]], Jackson co-wrote the charity single "[[We Are the World]]" (1985), which raised money for the poor in the US and Africa.<ref name="WATW">{{cite web |title=Past Winners Search: "We Are the World" |url=https://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=&field_nominee_work_value=%22We+Are+The+World%22&year=All&genre=All |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416205907/http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=&field_nominee_work_value=%22We+Are+The+World%22&year=All&genre=All |archive-date=April 16, 2014 |access-date=January 29, 2014 |publisher=The Recording Academy}}</ref><ref name="jdoyle">{{cite web |first=Jack |last=Doyle |title="Michael & McCartney": 1980s–2009 |work=The Pop History Dig |date=July 7, 2009 |access-date=May 31, 2015 |url=https://www.pophistorydig.com/topics/michael-mccartney-1980s-2009/ |archive-date=June 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613002206/http://www.pophistorydig.com/topics/michael-mccartney-1980s-2009/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It earned $63{{nbsp}}million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|63000000|1985|r=-6}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}),<ref name="jdoyle" /> and became one of the [[List of best-selling singles|best-selling singles of all time]], with 20{{nbsp}}million copies sold.<ref>{{cite news |first=Anthony |last=Breznican |date=June 30, 2009 |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |access-date=June 11, 2015 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2009-06-26-jackson-faces_N.htm |title=The many faces of Michael Jackson |archive-date=December 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205223244/http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2009-06-26-jackson-faces_N.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> It won four Grammy Awards in 1985, including Song of the Year for Jackson and Richie.<ref name="WATW" /> Jackson, Jones, and the promoter Ken Kragen received special awards for their roles in the song's creation.<ref name="WATW" /><ref name="AMAs 1986">{{cite news |title=Bruce shows who's Boss |newspaper=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|Montreal Gazette]] |agency=Associated Press |date=January 28, 1986 |access-date=June 16, 2010 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MRgiAAAAIBAJ&pg=1658,3425033 |archive-date=June 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613061151/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MRgiAAAAIBAJ&pg=1658,3425033 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Campbell|1993|p=114}}{{sfn|Young|2009|pp=340–344}}

[[File:Michael Jackson autographing 'We Are The World' posters 1985.jpg|thumb|upright|Jackson signing a "[[We Are the World]]" poster in 1985]]
Jackson collaborated with [[Paul McCartney]] in the early 1980s, and learned that McCartney was making $40{{nbsp}}million a year from owning the rights to other artists' songs.<ref name="jdoyle" /> By 1983, Jackson had begun buying publishing rights to others' songs, but he was careful with his acquisitions, only bidding on a few of the dozens that were offered to him. Jackson's early acquisitions of [[music catalog]]s and song copyrights such as the [[Sly Stone]] collection included "Everyday People" (1968), [[Len Barry]]'s "[[1-2-3 (Len Barry song)|1-2-3]]" (1965), and [[Dion DiMucci]]'s "[[The Wanderer (Dion song)|The Wanderer]]" (1961) and "[[Runaround Sue]]" (1961).

In 1984, [[Robert Holmes à Court]] announced he was selling the [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing#Acquisition|ATV Music Publishing]] catalog comprising the publishing rights to nearly 4,000 songs, including most of the Beatles' material.<ref name="hilburn">{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Hilburn |title=The long and winding road |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 22, 1985 |access-date=May 31, 2015 |url=https://www.latimes.com/la-et-hilburn-michael-jackson-sep22-story.html |archive-date=April 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407043521/https://www.latimes.com/la-et-hilburn-michael-jackson-sep22-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1981, McCartney had been offered the catalog for £20{{nbsp}}million ($40{{nbsp}}million).<ref name="jdoyle" /><ref name="mcca atv">{{cite web |title=Paul McCartney refused an offer to buy the ATV Catalog for £20 million ($40 million) |website=Mjjinfo.blogspot.fr |date=November 13, 2010 |access-date=May 31, 2015 |url=https://mjjinfo.blogspot.fr/2010/11/paul-mccartney-refused-to-buy-atv.html |archive-date=May 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529221446/http://mjjinfo.blogspot.fr/2010/11/paul-mccartney-refused-to-buy-atv.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jackson submitted a bid of $46{{nbsp}}million on November 20, 1984.<ref name="hilburn" /> When Jackson and McCartney were unable to make a joint purchase, McCartney did not want to be the sole owner of the Beatles' songs, and did not pursue an offer on his own.{{sfn|Taraborrelli|2009|pp=333–338}}<ref name="mcca atv" /> Jackson's agents were unable to come to a deal, and in May 1985 left talks after having spent more than $1{{nbsp}}million and four months of [[due diligence]] work on the negotiations.<ref name="hilburn" />

In June 1985, Jackson and Branca learned that [[Charles Koppelman]]'s and [[Martin Bandier|Marty Bandier]]'s The Entertainment Company had made a tentative offer to buy ATV Music for $50{{nbsp}}million; in early August, Holmes à Court contacted Jackson and talks resumed. Jackson's increased bid of $47.5{{nbsp}}million (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|47500000|1985|r=-6}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}) was accepted because he could close the deal more quickly, having already completed due diligence.<ref name="hilburn" /> Jackson agreed to visit Holmes à Court in Australia, where he would appear on the [[Channel Seven Perth Telethon]].<ref name="ch7news">{{cite episode |title=Michael Jackson 1958–2009 |series=[[Today Tonight]] |minutes=Coverage of the sale of ATV Music at 2:36 |date=June 25, 2009 |access-date= January 12, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3htpIVyUtec |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120531223849/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3htpIVyUtec |archive-date= May 31, 2012}}</ref> His purchase of ATV Music was finalized on August 10, 1985.<ref name="jdoyle" /><ref name="hilburn" />