Hillary Clinton Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Marriage, family, legal career and first ladyship of Arkansas== {{see also|Hillary Clinton's tenures as First Lady of Arkansas|Legal career of Hillary Clinton|Hillary Clinton's career in corporate governance}} ===From the East Coast to Arkansas=== During her postgraduate studies, Rodham was staff attorney for Edelman's newly founded [[Children's Defense Fund]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]],{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=91–92}} and as a consultant to the Carnegie Council on Children.<ref>Brock 1996, p. 42.</ref> In 1974, she was a member of the impeachment inquiry staff in Washington, D.C., and advised the [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|House Committee on the Judiciary]] during the [[Watergate scandal]].{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=94–96, 101–03}} The committee's work culminated with the resignation of President Richard Nixon in August 1974.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=94–96, 101–03}} By then, Rodham was viewed as someone with a bright political future. Democratic political organizer and consultant [[Betsey Wright]] moved from Texas to Washington the previous year to help guide Rodham's career.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=62}} Wright thought Rodham had the potential to become a future senator or president.{{sfn|Maraniss|1995|p=277}} Meanwhile, boyfriend Bill Clinton had repeatedly asked Rodham to marry him, but she continued to demur.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=90, 120}} After failing the [[District of Columbia]] [[Multistate Performance Test|bar exam]]<ref>Bernstein 2007, p. 92; Allen and Parnes 2014, p. 149. Taking an out-of-date bar study class may have been a factor. Two-thirds (551 of 817) of the candidates passed. Rodham did not tell even close friends of the failure until revealing it thirty years later in her autobiography.</ref> and passing the Arkansas exam, Rodham came to a key decision. As she later wrote, "I chose to follow my heart instead of my head".<ref>Clinton 2003, p. 69.</ref> She thus followed Clinton to Arkansas, rather than staying in Washington, where career prospects were brighter. He was then teaching law and running for a seat in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] in his home state. In August 1974, Rodham moved to [[Fayetteville, Arkansas]], and became one of only two female faculty members at the [[University of Arkansas School of Law]] in Fayetteville, Arkansas.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=92}}<ref>Clinton 2003, p. 70. Source for number of female faculty members.</ref> ===Early Arkansas years=== [[File:HillaryRodhamBillClintonLittleRockHouse1adjusted.jpg|thumb|alt=A small, one-story brick-faced house with a small yard in front|Hillary and Bill Clinton lived in this house in the [[Hillcrest (Little Rock)|Hillcrest neighborhood]] of [[Little Rock]] while he was [[Attorney general of Arkansas]] from 1977 to 1979.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clinton |first=Bill |title=My Life |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf|Knopf Publishing Group]] |year=2004 |title-link=My Life (Bill Clinton autobiography) }} p. 244.</ref>]] Rodham became the first director of a new [[legal aid]] clinic at the University of Arkansas School of Law.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=126–27}} During her time in Fayetteville, Rodham and several other women founded the city's first rape crisis center.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=126–27}} In 1974, Bill Clinton lost an Arkansas congressional race, facing incumbent Republican [[John Paul Hammerschmidt]].{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|p=57}} Rodham and Bill Clinton bought a house in Fayetteville in the summer of 1975 and she agreed to marry him.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=120}} The wedding took place on October 11, 1975, in a Methodist ceremony in their living room.{{sfn|Maraniss|1995|pp=121–22}} A story about the marriage in the ''[[Arkansas Gazette]]'' indicated that she decided to retain the name Hillary Rodham.{{sfn|Maraniss|1995|pp=121–22}}<ref name="pol-edu-83"/> Her motivation was threefold. She wanted to keep the couple's professional lives separate, avoid apparent conflicts of interest, and as she told a friend at the time, "it showed that I was still me".{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=157}} The decision upset both mothers, who were more traditional.<ref>Clinton 2003, pp. 91–92.</ref> In 1976, Rodham temporarily relocated to [[Indianapolis]] to [[1976 United States presidential election in Indiana#Hillary Clinton’s role in the Carter campaign|work as an Indiana state campaign organizer]] for the presidential campaign of [[Jimmy Carter]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/behind-closed-doors/2015/10/02/hillary-clinton-indiana-basketball-indianoplace-email/73218878/ |title='Indianoplace'? That's what Hillary Clinton called us |last=Groppe |first=Maureen |date=October 7, 2015 |website=indystar.com |publisher=[[Indy Star]] |access-date=December 29, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2016/08/30/jimmy-carter-makes-fund-raising-plea-for-hillary-clinton/ |title=Jimmy Carter makes fund raising plea for Hillary Clinton |last=Sheinin |first=Aaron Gould |date=August 30, 2016 |website=ajc.com |publisher=AJC |access-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230114531/http://politics.blog.ajc.com/2016/08/30/jimmy-carter-makes-fund-raising-plea-for-hillary-clinton/ |archive-date=December 30, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In November 1976, Bill Clinton was elected [[Arkansas attorney general]], and the couple moved to the state capital of [[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]].{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|p=57}} In February 1977, Rodham joined the venerable [[Rose Law Firm]], a bastion of Arkansan political and economic influence.<ref>Bernstein 2007, pp. 128, 103. The firm was called Rose, Nash, Williamson, Carroll, Clay & Giroir, but it simplified its name to Rose Law Firm in 1980.</ref> She specialized in [[patent infringement]] and intellectual property law<ref name="arkhc"/> while working ''[[pro bono]]'' in child advocacy.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=133}} In 1977, Rodham cofounded [[Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families]], a state-level alliance with the Children's Defense Fund.<ref name="arkhc"/>{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=154}} Later in 1977, President Jimmy Carter (for whom Rodham had been the 1976 campaign director of field operations in Indiana){{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=125}} appointed her to the board of directors of the [[Legal Services Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=7026 |title=Jimmy Carter: Nominations Submitted to the Senate, Week Ending Friday, December 16, 1977 |publisher=American Presidency Project |access-date=September 3, 2007}}</ref> She held that position from 1978 until the end of 1981.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=42598 |title=Ronald Reagan: Recess Appointment of Three Members of the Board of Directors of the Legal Services Corporation |date=January 22, 1982 |publisher=American Presidency Project |access-date=September 3, 2007}}</ref> From mid-1978 to mid-1980,{{efn|For the start date, see Brock 1996, p. 96. Secondary sources give inconsistent dates as to when her time as chair ended. Primary sources indicate that between about April 1980 and September 1980, Rodham was replaced as chair by [[F. William McCalpin]]. See Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1981, "[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=KWRBPOdZCdAC |page=145}} House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations]", U.S. House of Representatives, 1980. Rodham is still chair after having given birth "a few weeks ago"; Chelsea Clinton was born on February 27, 1980.}} she served as the first female chair of that board.<ref>Morris 1996, p. 225.</ref> Following her husband's November 1978 election as [[governor of Arkansas]], Rodham became that state's first lady in January 1979. She would hold that title for twelve nonconsecutive years (1979–81, 1983–92). Clinton appointed his wife to be the chair of the Rural Health Advisory Committee the same year,<ref name="nyt012093mk">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/20/us/the-inauguration-the-first-couple-a-union-of-mind-and-ambition.html |title=The First Couple: A Union of Mind and Ambition |author=Kelly, Michael |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 20, 1993 |author-link=Michael Kelly (editor)}}</ref> in which role she secured federal funds to expand medical facilities in Arkansas's poorest areas without affecting doctors' fees.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=147}} In 1979, Rodham became the first woman to be made a full partner in Rose Law Firm.{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|p=60}} From 1978 until they entered the White House, she had a higher salary than her husband.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=130}} During 1978 and 1979, while looking to supplement their income, Rodham engaged in the trading of [[Hillary Rodham cattle futures controversy|cattle futures contracts]];{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|pp=66–67}} an initial $1,000 investment generated nearly $100,000 when she stopped trading after ten months.{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|pp=73–76}} At this time, the couple began their ill-fated investment in the [[Whitewater Development Corporation]] real estate venture with [[Jim McDougal|Jim]] and [[Susan McDougal]].{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|pp=66–67}} Both of these became [[#Scandals and investigations|subjects of controversy in the 1990s]]. On February 27, 1980, Rodham gave birth to the couple's only child, a daughter whom they named [[Chelsea Clinton|Chelsea]]. In November 1980, Bill Clinton was [[1980 Arkansas gubernatorial election|defeated in his bid for re-election]].{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=159–160}} ===Later Arkansas years=== [[File:President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan with Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton walking in the Cross Hall.jpg|thumb|alt=The Clintons and the Reagans walking a red carpet|The Clintons with [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald]] and [[Nancy Reagan|Nancy]] Reagan in 1987]] Two years after leaving office, Bill Clinton returned to the governorship of Arkansas after winning [[1982 Arkansas gubernatorial election|the election of 1982]]. During her husband's campaign, Hillary began to use the name "Hillary Clinton", or sometimes "Mrs. Bill Clinton", to assuage the concerns of Arkansas voters; she also took a [[leave of absence]] from Rose Law to campaign for him full-time.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=166}} During her second stint as the first lady of Arkansas, she made a point of using Hillary Rodham Clinton as her name.{{efn|name=ex04|As of 1993, she had not legally changed her name from Hillary Rodham.<ref name="nyt-name-93">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/14/us/again-it-s-hillary-rodham-clinton-got-that.html |title=Again: It's Hillary Rodham Clinton. Got That? |author=Kelly, Michael |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 14, 1993}}</ref> Bill Clinton's advisers thought her use of her maiden name to be one of the reasons for his 1980 gubernatorial re-election loss. During the following winter, [[Vernon Jordan]] suggested to Hillary Rodham that she start using the name Clinton, and she began to do so publicly with her husband's February 1982 campaign announcement to regain that office. She later wrote, "I learned the hard way that some voters in Arkansas were seriously offended by the fact that I kept my maiden name."<ref>Clinton 2003, pp. 91–93; Morris 1996, p. 282.</ref> Once he was elected again, she made a point of using "Hillary Rodham Clinton" in work she did as First Lady of the state.<ref name="pol-edu-83">{{cite news |url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/04/hillary-clinton-2016-arkansas-116939 |title=The long, hot summer Hillary Clinton became a politician |author=Kruse, Michael |work=[[Politico]] |date=April 14, 2015}}</ref> Once she became first lady of the United States in 1993, she publicly stated that she wanted to be known as "Hillary Rodham Clinton".<ref name="nyt-name-93"/> She has authored all her books under that name. She continued to use that name on her website and elsewhere once she was a U.S. senator.<ref name="bg-name-07"/> When she ran for president during 2007–08, she used the name "Hillary Clinton" or just "Hillary" in campaign materials.<ref name="bg-name-07">{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/02/26/name_changes_define_clintons_various_career_stages/ |title=Name changes define Clinton's various career stages |author=Williams, Joseph |newspaper=[[Boston Globe]] |date=February 26, 2007}}</ref> She used "Hillary Rodham Clinton" again in official materials as secretary of state.<ref name="npr-name-15"/> As of the 2015 launch of her second presidential campaign, she again switched to using "Hillary Clinton" in campaign materials;<ref name="npr-name-15">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2015/04/13/399233906/hillary-clinton-is-back-but-will-there-be-a-return-of-the-rodham |title='Hillary Clinton' Is Back, But Will There Be A Return of the Rodham? |author=Elving, Ron |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=April 13, 2015}}</ref> in November 2015 both the [[Associated Press]] and ''The New York Times'' noted that they would no longer use "Rodham" in referring to Clinton, with the ''Times'' stating that "the Clinton campaign confirmed ... that Mrs. Clinton prefers to be simply, 'Hillary Clinton{{'"}}.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lauren |last=Easton |url=https://blog.ap.org/announcements/updating-ap-style-on-hillary-clinton |title=Updating AP style on Hillary Clinton |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=November 30, 2015}}; {{cite news |first=Amy |last=Chozick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/11/30/times-drops-rodham-in-referring-to-hillary-clinton/ |title=Times Drops 'Rodham' in Referring to Hillary Clinton |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 30, 2015}}</ref>}} Clinton became involved in state education policy. She was named chair of the Arkansas Education Standards Committee in 1983, where worked to reform the state's public education system.<ref name="bernstein-170">Bernstein 2007, pp. 170–75. Bernstein states that "the political battle for education reform ... would be her greatest accomplishment in public life until she was elected to the U.S. Senate."</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Hillary Clinton Guides Movement to Change Public Education in Arkansas |url=http://www.oldstatehouse.com/collections/classroom/arkansas_news.aspx?issue=29&page=1&detail=528 |date=Spring 1993 |publisher=[[Old State House (Little Rock)|Old State House Museum]] |access-date=April 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183519/http://www.oldstatehouse.com/collections/classroom/arkansas_news.aspx?issue=29&page=1&detail=528 |archive-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> In one of the Clinton governorship's most important initiatives, she fought a prolonged but ultimately successful battle against the [[Arkansas Education Association]] to establish mandatory teacher testing and state standards for curriculum and classroom size.<ref name="nyt012093mk"/><ref name="bernstein-170"/> In 1985, she introduced Arkansas's Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youth, a program that helps parents work with their children in preschool preparedness and literacy.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Kearney, Janis F. |title=Conversations: William Jefferson Clinton, from Hope to Harlem |publisher=Writing Our World Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-9762058-1-4}} p. 295.</ref> Clinton continued to practice law with the Rose Law Firm while she was the first lady of Arkansas.{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|p=63}}<ref name="nyt022694">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/26/us/rose-law-firm-arkansas-power-slips-as-it-steps-onto-a-bigger-stage.html |title=Rose Law Firm, Arkansas Power, Slips as It Steps Onto a Bigger Stage |work=[[The New York Times]] |author=Labaton, Stephen |date=February 26, 1994}}</ref> The firm considered her a "[[Rainmaker (business)|rainmaker]]" because she brought in clients, partly thanks to the prestige she lent it and to her corporate board connections. She was also very influential in the appointment of state judges.<ref name="nyt022694"/> Bill Clinton's Republican opponent in his 1986 gubernatorial reelection campaign accused the Clintons of conflict of interest because Rose Law did state business; the Clintons countered the charge by saying that state fees were walled off by the firm before her profits were calculated.{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|pp=80–81}} Clinton was twice named by ''[[The National Law Journal]]'' as one of the 100 most influential lawyers in America—in 1988 and 1991.{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|pp=87–88}} When Bill Clinton thought about not running again for governor in 1990, Hillary Clinton considered running. Private polls were unfavorable, however, and in the end he ran and was reelected for the final time.{{sfnm |1a1=Bernstein |1y=2007 |1pp=187–89 |2a1=Gerth |2a2=Van Natta |2y=2007 |2p=85}} From 1982 to 1988, Clinton was on the board of directors, sometimes as chair, of the [[New World Foundation]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://fair.org/press-release/limbaugh-responds-to-fair/ |title=Limbaugh Responds to FAIR |publisher=[[Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting|FAIR]] |date=June 28, 1994 |access-date=May 9, 2008}}</ref> which funded a variety of [[New Left]] [[interest group]]s.<ref>Troy 2006, p. 29.</ref> Clinton was chairman of the board of the Children's Defense Fund<ref name = "Whitehouse.gov"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.childrensdefense.org/site/PageNavigator/People_Board_Emeritus |title=Board of Directors Emeritus |publisher=[[Children's Defense Fund]] |access-date=May 31, 2007 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20061012030015/http://www.childrensdefense.org/site/PageNavigator/People_Board_Emeritus |archive-date=October 12, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and on the board of the [[Arkansas Children's Hospital]]'s Legal Services (1988–92)<ref name="findlaw">{{cite web |url=http://pview.findlaw.com/view/1708556_1 |title=Hon. Hillary Rodham Clinton |work=[[FindLaw]] |access-date=May 31, 2007}}</ref> In addition to her positions with nonprofit organizations, she also held positions on the corporate board of directors of [[TCBY]] (1985–92),<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2008-presidential-candidates/hillary-clinton/ |title=Hillary Rodham Clinton |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=May 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612140914/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2008-presidential-candidates/hillary-clinton/ |archive-date=June 12, 2007}} Bio entry.</ref> [[Walmart|Wal-Mart Stores]] (1986–92)<ref name="vv052400">{{cite news |title=Wal-Mart's First Lady |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2000-05-23/news/wal-mart-s-first-lady/ |author=Harkavy, Ward |date=May 24, 2000 |work=[[The Village Voice]]}}</ref> and [[Lafarge (company)|Lafarge]] (1990–92).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vermonters to Hillary: Don't Tread on Us |url=http://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/vermonters-to-hillary-dont-tread-on-us/Content?oid=2128540 |author=Picard, Ken |date=May 4, 2005 |work=[[Seven Days (newspaper)|Seven Days]]}}</ref> TCBY and Wal-Mart were Arkansas-based companies that were also clients of Rose Law.<ref name="nyt022694"/><ref name="nyt052007"/> Clinton was the first female member on Wal-Mart's board, added following pressure on chairman [[Sam Walton]] to name a woman to it.<ref name="nyt052007">{{Cite news |title=As a Director, Clinton Moved Wal-Mart Board, but Only So Far |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/20/us/politics/20walmart.html |author=Barbaro, Michael |date=May 20, 2007 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Once there, she pushed successfully for Wal-Mart to adopt more environmentally friendly practices. She was largely unsuccessful in her campaign for more women to be added to the company's management and was silent about the company's famously anti-labor union practices.<ref name="vv052400"/><ref name="nyt052007"/><ref name="abc013108">{{Cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/Story?id=4218509 |title=Clinton Remained Silent As Wal-Mart Fought Unions |author=Ross, Brian |author-link=Brian Ross (journalist) |author2=Sauer, Maddy |author3=Schwartz, Rhonda |work=[[ABC News]] |date=January 31, 2008}}</ref> According to Dan Kaufman, awareness of this later became a factor in her loss of credibility with organized labor, helping contribute to her loss in the 2016 election, where slightly less than half of union members voted for [[Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/07/17/629718238/how-dark-money-gerrymandering-and-democratic-complacency-altered-wisconsin-polit |title=How Dark Money, Gerrymandering And Democratic Complacency Altered Wisconsin Politics |last=Davies |first=Dave |date=July 17, 2018 |newspaper=NPR.org |access-date=August 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/11/10/donald-trump-got-reagan-like-support-from-union-households/ |title=Donald Trump got Reagan-like support from union households |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=August 10, 2019}}</ref> ===Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign=== {{further|Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign}} [[File:Hillary Clinton 1992.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Formal color portrait of a middle aged Clinton|Clinton in 1992]] Clinton received sustained national attention for the first time when her husband became a candidate for the [[1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries|1992 Democratic presidential nomination]]. Before the [[New Hampshire primary]], [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]] publications printed allegations that Bill Clinton had engaged in an extramarital affair with [[Gennifer Flowers]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/25/us/the-1992-campaign-clintons-to-rebut-rumors-on-60-minutes.html |title=Clintons to Rebut Rumors on '60 Minutes' |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 25, 1992|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401082537/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/25/us/the-1992-campaign-clintons-to-rebut-rumors-on-60-minutes.html|archive-date=April 1, 2010}}</ref> In response, the Clintons appeared together on ''[[60 Minutes]]'', where Bill denied the affair, but acknowledged "causing pain in my marriage".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/flowers012792.htm |title=In 1992, Clinton Conceded Marital 'Wrongdoing' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 26, 1992}}</ref> This joint appearance was credited with rescuing his campaign.<ref>Troy 2006, pp. 39–42; Gerth and Van Natta 2007, pp. 94–96.</ref> During the campaign, Hillary made culturally disparaging remarks about [[Tammy Wynette]]'s outlook on marriage as described in her classic song "[[Stand by Your Man]]".{{efn|Clinton said in the joint ''60 Minutes'' interview, "I'm not sitting here as some little woman 'standing by my man' like Tammy Wynette. I'm sitting here because I love him and I respect him, and I honor what he's been through and what we've been through together." The seemingly sneering reference to [[country music]] provoked immediate criticism that Clinton was culturally tone-deaf, and Wynette herself did not like the remark because "Stand by Your Man" is not written in the first person.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/7/newsid_4385000/4385582.stm |title=2000: Hillary Clinton is first First Lady in Senate |work=[[BBC News]] |date=November 7, 2000}}</ref> Wynette added that Clinton had "offended every true country music fan and every person who has "made it on their own" with no one to take them to a White House".<ref>Troy 2006, p. 42.</ref> A few days later, on ''[[Primetime (U.S. TV program)|Primetime Live]]'', Clinton apologized to Wynette. Clinton would later write that she had been careless in her choice of words and that "the fallout from my reference to Tammy Wynette was instant—as it deserved to be—and brutal".<ref>Clinton 2003, p. 108.</ref> The two women later resolved their differences, with Wynette appearing at a Clinton fundraiser.}} Later in the campaign, she commented she could have chosen to be like women staying home and baking cookies and having teas, but wanted to pursue her career instead.{{efn|Less than two months after the Wynette remarks, Clinton was facing questions about whether she could have avoided possible conflicts of interest between her governor husband and work given to the Rose Law Firm when she remarked, "I've done the best I can to lead my life ... You know, I suppose I could have stayed home and baked cookies and had teas, but what I decided to do was fulfill my profession, which I entered before my husband was in public life."<ref name="lh-109">Clinton 2003, p. 109.</ref> The "cookies and teas" part of this statement prompted even more culture-based criticism of Clinton's apparent distaste for women who had chosen to be homemakers; the remark became a recurring campaign liability.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=205–06}} Clinton subsequently offered up some cookie recipes as a way of making amends and would later write of her chagrin: "Besides, I've done quite a lot of cookie baking in my life, and tea-pouring too!"<ref name="lh-109"/>}} The remarks were widely criticized, particularly by those who were, or defended, stay-at-home mothers. In retrospect, she admitted they were ill-considered. Bill said that in electing him, the nation would "get two for the price of one", referring to the prominent role his wife would assume.<ref>Burns 2008, p. 140.</ref> Beginning with [[Daniel Wattenberg]]'s August 1992 ''[[The American Spectator]]'' article "The Lady Macbeth of Little Rock", Hillary's own past ideological and ethical record came under attack from conservatives.<ref name="macbeth"> {{Cite news |title=The Lady Macbeth of Little Rock |author=Wattenberg, Daniel |work=[[The American Spectator]] |date=August 1992 |author-link=Daniel Wattenberg |url=http://spectator.org/articles/64729/lady-macbeth-little-rock |access-date=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316082812/http://spectator.org/articles/64729/lady-macbeth-little-rock |archive-date=March 16, 2016 |url-status=dead }} </ref> At least twenty other articles in major publications also drew comparisons between her and [[Lady Macbeth]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/24/us/1992-campaign-political-memo-backlash-for-hillary-clinton-puts-negative-image.html |title=Backlash for Hillary Clinton Puts Negative Image to Rout |date=September 24, 1992 |last=Toner |first=Robin |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page