Excommunication

==== Eastern Catholic Churches ====
{{see also|Eastern Catholic canon law}}
In the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]], excommunication is imposed only by decree, never incurred automatically by {{lang|la|latae sententiae}} excommunication. A distinction is made between minor and major excommunication. Those on whom minor excommunication has been imposed are excluded from receiving the [[Eucharist (Catholic Church)|Eucharist]] and can also be excluded from participating in the [[Divine Liturgy]]. They can even be excluded from entering a church when divine worship is being celebrated there. The [[decree (canon law)|decree]] of excommunication must indicate the precise effect of the excommunication and, if required, its duration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum orientalium, die XVIII Octobris anno MCMXC – Ioannes Paulus PP. II |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/la/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19901018_codex-can-eccl-orient-3.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=www.vatican.va}}</ref>

Those under major excommunication are in addition forbidden to receive not only the Eucharist but also the other sacraments, to administer sacraments or sacramentals, to exercise any ecclesiastical offices, ministries, or functions whatsoever, and any such exercise by them is null and void. They are to be removed from participation in the Divine Liturgy and any public celebrations of divine worship. They are forbidden to make use of any privileges granted to them and cannot be given any dignity, office, ministry, or function in the church, they cannot receive any pension or emoluments associated with these dignities etc., and they are deprived of the right to vote or to be elected.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum orientalium, die XVIII Octobris anno MCMXC – Ioannes Paulus PP. |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/la/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19901018_codex-can-eccl-orient-3.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=www.vatican.va}}</ref>