Eufaula, Alabama

====Eufaula housing case====
For a number of years after the [[United States Supreme Court|U.S. Supreme Court]]'s 1954 decision ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', which overturned ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'' by declaring racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional, the schools in Eufaula remained unintegrated.<ref name=gray>{{cite book|author=Fred D. Gray|title=Bus Ride to Justice: Changing the System by the System : the Life and Works of Fred Gray, Preacher, Attorney, Politician|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6bc4DqcUSi4C&pg=PA131|date=October 1, 2012|publisher=NewSouth Books|isbn=978-1-58838-286-3|pages=131–9}}</ref>  In 1955 the Eufaula Housing Authority sought to use [[eminent domain]] to condemn land on which a number of black families had lived since emancipation in order to build public housing, a park, and an expansion of the white high school.<ref>{{cite news|title=Suit Claims Segregation In Housing|work=Times Daily|date=June 10, 1958|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bhYsAAAAIBAJ&pg=2026%2C1035955}}</ref>  The residents of the neighborhood, surrounded on all sides by white areas, thought that the city's motive was actually to keep their children out of a newly built high school once the now-inevitable racial integration occurred.<ref name=gray/>

In 1958 civil rights attorneys [[Fred Gray (attorney)|Fred Gray]] and [[Constance Baker Motley]] filed a suit in the [[U.S. District court]] claiming that their clients' constitutional rights were being violated by the plan.<ref name=gray/>  The federal case was dismissed, but Gray (now appearing without Motley)<ref name=gray/> appealed to the Alabama Circuit Court, where the case was heard by then-judge [[George Wallace]].<ref name=negro/> As before, Gray claimed that since the new development would allow white residents only, their civil rights were being violated by the City.<ref name=negro>{{cite news|title=Negro Requests White Residence|work=The Tuscaloosa News|date=October 21, 1958|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Wy0eAAAAIBAJ&pg=4750%2C2871781}}</ref>  Although his appeal of the constitutional issue was unsuccessful, Gray also appealed the city's valuations of his clients' properties and, arguing before [[all-white jury|all-white juries]] in Wallace's court, managed in most of the cases to win much higher prices.<ref name=gray/>