Emmerson Mnangagwa

=== Recruitment and training: 1962–1964 ===
In 1962, Mnangagwa was recruited in Northern Rhodesia by [[Willie Musarurwa]] to join the [[Zimbabwe African People's Union]] (ZAPU), a newly formed pro-independence party in Southern Rhodesia.<ref name=":15"/> He became a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] fighter for ZAPU's armed wing, the [[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army]] (ZIPRA), and was sent to [[Tanganyika (1961–1964)|Tanganyika]] (now [[Tanzania]]) for training.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":15" /> He stayed first in [[Mbeya]], and then at a new training camp in [[Iringa]], where he met leading black nationalists like [[James Chikerema]] and [[Clement Muchachi]].<ref name=":13" /> While there, he criticised the decisions of ZAPU's leader, [[Joshua Nkomo]], an offence for which a ZIPRA tribunal chaired by [[Dumiso Dabengwa]] sentenced him to death.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":58">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BenaAAAAQBAJ |title=Zimbabwe since the Unity Government |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=9781135742751 |editor-last=Chan |editor-first=Stephen |location=Oxford |pages=81 |language=en |editor-last2=Primorac |editor-first2=Ranka}}</ref> Two other ZAPU members of his same Karanga background, [[Simon Muzenda]] and [[Leopold Takawira]], the party's external affairs secretary, intervened to save his life.<ref name=":58" />

In April 1963, Mnangagwa and 12 other ZAPU members were sent via [[Dar es Salaam]] to [[Egypt]] for training at the [[Egyptian Military Academy]] in [[Cairo]]'s [[Heliopolis, Cairo|Heliopolis]] suburb.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/11/mnangagwa-zimbabwes-president-waiting/|title=Mnangagwa: Zimbabwe's President-in-waiting|date=2017-11-22|website=NewsDay Zimbabwe|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> In August 1963, ten of the 13 trainees, including Mnangagwa, joined the [[Zimbabwe African National Union]] (ZANU), which had been formed earlier that month as a breakaway group from ZAPU.<ref name=":15" /> The ten stopped training for ZAPU and were subsequently detained by Egyptian authorities.<ref name=":13" /> During their detention, they contacted ZANU official [[Robert Mugabe]] in Tanganyika with the information that they intended to join ZANU and had been detained.<ref name=":13" /> Mugabe redirected Trynos Makombe, who was returning from [[China]], to Egypt to resolve the issue.<ref name=":13" /> Makombe secured their release and gave them plane tickets to Dar es Salaam.<ref name=":13" /> After arriving in Tanganyika in late August 1963, six of the eleven returned to Southern Rhodesia, while the other five, including Mnangagwa, were sent to briefly stay at a training camp in [[Bagamoyo]] run by [[FRELIMO]], the group seeking to liberate [[Portuguese Mozambique|Mozambique]] from Portuguese rule.<ref name=":13" />

Mnangagwa soon left Tanganyika to train for ZANU's militant wing, the [[Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army]] (ZANLA).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Zimbabwe since the Unity Government|author=Chung, Fay|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-0-415-62484-8|editor1=Chan, Stephen|location=London|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZXdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA63 63]|chapter=Chapter 5. Emergence of a New Political Movement|editor2=Primorac, Ranka}}</ref> Part of the first group of ZANLA fighters sent overseas for training, he and four others were sent to [[Beijing]], where he spent the first two months studying at [[Peking University]]'s School of Marxism, run by the [[Chinese Communist Party]].<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=14 November 2017 |title=Who Is Emmerson Mnangagwa? |language=en |work=[[VOA News]] |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/who-is-emmerson-mnangagwa/4115612.html |access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20171122-zimbabwe-profile-emmerson-mnangagwa-crocodile-mugabe-grace|title=Emmerson Mnangagwa, the disgraced Mugabe loyalist who took his revenge|last=Dodman|first=Benjamin|date=22 November 2017|work=[[France 24]]|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":28">{{Cite news|url=https://www.insiderzim.com/us-embassys-assessment-of-mnangagwa-in-1988/|title=US embassy's assessment of Mnangagwa in 1988|date=2012-04-12|work=The Insider|access-date=2018-10-18}}</ref> He then spent three months in combat training in [[Nanjing]] and studied at a school for [[military engineering]] before returning to Tanzania in May 1964.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":12"/><ref name=":18" /> There, he briefly stayed at ZANLA's Itumbi Reefs training camp near [[Chunya District|Chunya]].<ref name=":19">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PLPjCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23|title=A Handful of Hard Men: The SAS and the Battle for Rhodesia|last=Wessels|first=Hannes|publisher=Casemate|year=2015|isbn=9781612003467|pages=23–24|language=en}}</ref>