Cerebral palsy

===Pain and sleep===
Pain is common and may result from the inherent deficits associated with the condition, along with the numerous procedures children typically face.<ref name="McKearnan_2004" /> When children with cerebral palsy are in pain, they experience worse muscle spasms.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hauer J, Houtrow AJ | title = Pain Assessment and Treatment in Children With Significant Impairment of the Central Nervous System | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 139 | issue = 6 | pages = e20171002 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28562301 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2017-1002 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Pain is associated with tight or shortened muscles, abnormal posture, stiff joints, unsuitable [[orthotics|orthosis]], etc. Hip migration or dislocation is a recognizable source of pain in CP children and especially in the adolescent population. Nevertheless, the adequate scoring and scaling of pain in CP children remains challenging.<ref name="elsobky2017" /> Pain in CP has a number of different causes, and different pains respond to different treatments.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Blackman JA, Svensson CI, Marchand S | title = Pathophysiology of chronic pain in cerebral palsy: implications for pharmacological treatment and research | journal = Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology | volume = 60 | issue = 9 | pages = 861–865 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 29882358 | doi = 10.1111/dmcn.13930 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

There is also a high likelihood of chronic [[sleep disorders]] secondary to both physical and environmental factors.<ref name="newman_2006" /> Children with cerebral palsy have significantly higher rates of sleep disturbance than typically developing children.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dutt R, Roduta-Roberts M, Brown CA | title = Sleep and Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Review of Current Evidence and Environmental Non-Pharmacological Interventions | journal = Children | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 78–88 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 27417351 | pmc = 4928749 | doi = 10.3390/children2010078 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Babies with cerebral palsy who have stiffness issues might cry more and be harder to put to sleep than non-disabled babies, or "floppy" babies might be lethargic.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Stanton M |title=Understanding cerebral palsy : a guide for parents and professionals|chapter=Special Considerations|page=70|date=2012|publisher=[[Jessica Kingsley Publishers]]|location=London|isbn=978-1-84905-060-9}}</ref> [[Chronic pain]] is under-recognized in children with cerebral palsy,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kingsnorth S, Orava T, Provvidenza C, Adler E, Ami N, Gresley-Jones T, Mankad D, Slonim N, Fay L, Joachimides N, Hoffman A, Hung R, Fehlings D | title = Chronic Pain Assessment Tools for Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 136 | issue = 4 | pages = e947–e960 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26416940 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2015-0273 | doi-access = free }}</ref> even though three out of four children with cerebral palsy experience pain.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Novak I, Hines M, Goldsmith S, Barclay R | title = Clinical prognostic messages from a systematic review on cerebral palsy | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 130 | issue = 5 | pages = e1285–e1312 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 23045562 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2012-0924 | doi-access = free }}</ref>  Adults with CP also experience more pain than the general population.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = van der Slot WM, Benner JL, Brunton L, Engel JM, Gallien P, Hilberink SR, Månum G, Morgan P, Opheim A, Riquelme I, Rodby-Bousquet E, Şimşek TT, Thorpe DE, van den Berg-Emons RJ, Vogtle LK, Papageorgiou G, Roebroeck ME | title = Pain in adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data | journal = Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine | volume = 64 | issue = 3 | pages = 101359 | date = May 2021 | pmid = 32061920 | doi = 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.12.011 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 211134380 | hdl = 10852/83636 }}</ref>