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AdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text===Consolidation of remaining branches=== [[File:Assyrianmareliasnestorianbishop.jpg|thumb|upright=.5|Mar Elias (Eliya), the Nestorian bishop of the Urmia Plain village of Geogtapa, {{Circa|1831}}. The image comes from ''A Residence of Eight Years in Persia Among the Nestorians, with Notes of the Mohammedans'' by Justin Perkins (Andover, 1843).]] In 1780, at the beginning of the patriarchal tenure of [[Eliya XII]] (XIII) (1778–1804), a group seceded from the Eliya line in Alqosh and elected [[Yohannan VIII Hormizd|Yohannan Hormizd]], who entered full communion with the Catholic Church and was officially appointed [[Chaldean Catholic Archeparchy of Mosul|Archbishop of Mosul]] and patriarchal administrator of the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], in 1783. Only after the death in 1827 of the last representative of the Josephite line, [[Joseph V Augustine Hindi]], was Yohannan recognized as the Chaldean Catholic Patriarch by the Pope, in 1830. By this official appointment, the final merger of various factions committed to the union with the Catholic Church was achieved, thus forming the modern Chaldean Catholic Church. At the same time, the long coexistence and rivalry between two traditionalist patriarchal branches — the senior Eliya line of Alqosh and the junior Shimun line of Qochanis — ended in 1804 when the last primate of the Eliya line, Patriarch [[Eliya XII]] (XIII) died and was buried in the ancient [[Rabban Hormizd Monastery]]. His branch decided not to elect a new patriarch, thus enabling the remaining patriarch [[Shimun XVI Yohannan]] (1780–1820) of the Shimun line to become the sole primate of both Assyrian traditionalist branches.{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=120, 175}}{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=316-319, 356}}{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999a|p=235-264}} Consolidated after 1804, the reunited traditionalist Church led by patriarchs of the Shimun line became widely known as the "Assyrian Church of the East". Still based in Qodchanis, Assyrian Patriarch Shimun XVI Yohannan was not able to secure control over the traditional seat of the former Eliya line in the ancient Rabban Hormizd Monastery; and around 1808 that venerated monastic institution passed to the [[Chaldean Catholics]].{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=125, 263–264}} The next Assyrian Patriarch [[Shimun XVII Abraham]] (1820–1861) also governed his church from [[Konak, Hakkari|Qodshanis]]. During years marked by political turbulence, he tried to maintain good relations with the local Ottoman authorities. In 1843, he was faced with renewed hostilities from [[Kurds|Kurdish]] warlords, who [[1843 and 1846 massacres in Hakkari|attacked]] and looted many Christian villages, killing 10,000 Christian men and taking away women and children as captives. The patriarch himself was forced to take temporary refuge in [[Mosul]].{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=33, 212}} He was succeeded by Patriarch [[Shimun XVIII Rubil]] (1861–1903) who also resided in Qodshanis. In 1869, he received an open invitation from the [[Holy See|Vatican]] to visit [[Rome]] to attend the [[First Vatican Council]] as an observer, but he did not accept the invitation,{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=129-130}} In following years, he also rejected other initiatives for union with the Catholic Church.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=35-36}}[[File:Nestorian archbishop and servants.jpg|thumb|Early 20th century Assyrian archbishop and servants]] By the end of the 19th century, the Assyrian Church of the East consolidated itself as the sole representative of all traditionalist Assyrians. It also managed to secure a certain level of autonomy within the highly complex system of Ottoman local governance in the bordering regions.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=275-276}} On several occasions, Assyrian patriarchs refused to enter communion with the Catholic Church or merge with the Chaldean Catholic Church.{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999a|p=235-264}} On the other hand, by the end of the 19th century some of its communities were converted to [[Protestantism]] by various western missionaries,{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=324}} while other communities were drawn to [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]. That movement was led by Assyrian Bishop Mar Yonan of [[Supurghan]] in the region of [[Urmia]] who converted to Eastern Orthodoxy in 1898, through the [[Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Urmia]].{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|p=36, 281, 314}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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