United States Marine Corps

==Relationship with other services==
In general, the Marine Corps shares many resources with the other branches of the [[United States Armed Forces]]. However, the Corps has consistently sought to maintain its own identity with regard to mission, funding, and assets, while utilizing support available from the larger branches. While the Marine Corps has far fewer installations both in the U.S. and worldwide than the other branches, many [[List of United States Army installations|Army posts]], [[List of United States Navy installations|Naval stations]], and [[List of United States Air Force installations|Air Force bases]] have a Marine presence. They also cross-train with other countries.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===United States Navy===
{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2017}}<!--3 paragraphs have no citations-->
[[File:USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD-6) welldeck.jpg|thumb|alt=color photo of swimming AAVs approaching the well deck of an amphibious assault ship|[[Assault Amphibious Vehicle]]s approaching the [[well deck]] of {{USS|Bonhomme Richard|LHD-6|6}}]]

The Marine Corps's counterpart under the Department of the Navy is the United States Navy. As a result, the Navy and Marine Corps have a close relationship, more so than with other branches of the military. [[White paper]]s and promotional literature have commonly used the phrase "Navy-Marine Corps Team",<ref name="Seapower21">{{Cite journal
|last1= Clark
|first1= Adm. Vern
|author-link= Vern Clark
|title= Sea Power 21
|journal= Proceedings
|volume =130
|issue= October 2002
|page =3005
|publisher= Naval Institute Press
|date=October 2002
|url= http://www.usni.org/proceedings/Articles02/proCNO10.htm
|doi =10.1090/S0002-9939-02-06392-X
|access-date= 28 July 2006
|last2= Hinton
|first2= Don
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070303223546/http://www.usni.org/Proceedings/Articles02/PROcno10.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date= 3 March 2007|doi-access= free
}}</ref><ref name="EnduringFreedomVid">{{cite video|people = Lt. Col. James Kuhn|title = Enduring Freedom|medium = Film|publisher = Department of the Navy|url = http://www.nuwc.navy.mil/hq/video/enduringfreedom/video.html|date = 2 November 2005|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060724224601/http://www.nuwc.navy.mil/hq/video/enduringfreedom/video.html|archive-date = 24 July 2006|df = dmy-all}}</ref> or refer to "the Naval Service". Both the [[Chief of Naval Operations]] (CNO) and Commandant of the Marine Corps report directly to the Secretary of the Navy.

Operationally, the Marine Corps provides the [[Fleet Marine Force]]s for service with the Navy's fleets, including the forward-deployed Marine Expeditionary Units embarked aboard Navy amphibious warships. The Corps also contributes some Marine Aviation fixed-wing fighter/attack assets (aircraft squadrons and related aircraft maintenance augmentation units) as part of the Carrier Air Wings deployed aboard aircraft carriers. The [[Marine Corps Security Force Regiment]] provides infantry-based security battalions and Fleet Anti-terrorism Security Team companies to guard and defend high-priority and overseas Navy bases. Security for the Presidential Retreat located aboard the [[Camp David|Naval Support Activity Thurmont, aka ''Camp David'']] is provided by the Marine infantry battalion stationed as part of the garrison aboard Marine Barracks Washington.

Cooperation between the two services includes the training and instruction of some future Marine Corps officers (most are trained and commissioned through Marine Corps OCS), all Marine Corps Naval Aviators (aircraft pilots) and Naval Flight Officers (airborne weapons and sensor system officers), and some Navy and Marine Corps enlisted personnel. The Corps receives a significant portion of its officers from the [[United States Naval Academy]] (USNA) and [[Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps]] (NROTC). USNA and NROTC staff and faculty includes Marine Corps instructors. [[United States Marine Corps Aviation#Aviators and flight officers|Marine Corps aviators and flight officers]] are trained in the [[Naval Air Training Command]] (NATRACOM) and are designated, or ''winged'' as [[United States Naval Aviator|Naval Aviators]] or [[Naval Flight Officer]]s. The Marine Corps provides flight instructors to the Naval Air Training Command as well as [[drill instructor]]s to the [[Officer Candidate School (United States Navy)|Navy's Officer Candidate School]]. Many enlisted marines, particularly those in the aviation maintenance specialties, are trained at Navy technical training centers. The Marine Corps also provides ground combat training support to various Navy field medical (Hospital Corpsmen), Naval Construction Force (Seabee), and Navy Expeditionary Warfare personnel, units, and commands.

Training alongside each other is viewed as critical, as the Navy provides transport, logistical, and combat support to put Marine units into the fight, such as [[Strategic sealift ships|maritime prepositioning ships]] and [[naval gunfire support]]. Most Marine aviation assets ultimately derive from the Navy, with regard to acquisition, funding, and testing, and Navy aircraft carriers typically deploy with a Marine squadron alongside Navy squadrons. Marines do not recruit or train noncombatants such as chaplains or medical/dental personnel; naval personnel fill these roles. Some of these sailors, particularly [[Hospital corpsman|Hospital corpsmen]] and [[Religious program specialist]]s, generally wear Marine uniforms emblazoned with Navy insignia. Conversely, the Marine Corps is responsible for conducting land operations to support naval campaigns, including the seizure of naval bases. Both services operate a network security team in conjunction.

Marines and sailors share many naval traditions, especially terminology and customs. Marine Corps [[Medal of Honor]] recipients wear the Navy variant of this and other awards;<ref name="Lawliss"/> and with few exceptions, the awards and badges of the Navy and Marine Corps are identical. Much of testing for new Marine Corps aircraft is done at [[Naval Air Station Patuxent River]]. The Navy's Blue Angels flight demonstration team is staffed by both Navy and Marine officers and enlisted personnel.<ref name="Lawliss"/>

In 2007, the Marine Corps joined with the Navy and Coast Guard to adopt a new maritime strategy called ''[[A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower]]'' that raises the notion of prevention of war to the same [[Philosophy of war|philosophical]] level as the conduct of war.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |title=Sea Services Unveil New Maritime Strategy |publisher=Navy News Service |date=17 October 2007 |access-date=3 August 2008 |author=Jim Garamone |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040311/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=32655 |archive-date=5 March 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> This new strategy charts a course for the Navy, Coast Guard and Marine Corps to work collectively with each other and international partners to prevent regional crises, human-made or natural, from occurring or reacting quickly should one occur to avoid negative impacts to the United States.

===United States Army===
[[File:CSA-2006-01-12-095303 M249SAW.jpg|thumb|A soldier from the [[1st Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Infantry Regiment]] provides security for a joint Army-Marine patrol in [[Rawa (Iraq)|Rawa]] in 2006. The [[shoulder sleeve insignia]] has the logo of the [[2nd Marine Division (United States)|2nd Marine Division]].]]

The Marine Corps capabilities overlap with those of the United States Army, historically creating competition for funding and missions. The competition dates back to the founding of the Continental Marines, when General George Washington refused to allow the initial Marine battalions to be drawn from among his Continental Army. In the aftermath of World War II, Army leadership made efforts to restructure the American defense establishment including the dissolution of the Marine Corps and the folding of its capabilities into the other services. Leading this movement were such prominent Army officers as General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] and [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Army Chief of Staff]] [[George C. Marshall]].<ref name="Krulak"/> The [[Goldwater-Nichols Act]] significantly reshaped the services roles and relationships with each other, enforcing more joint decision making.<ref>{{cite web|title=Goldwater-Nichols Act |url=https://history.defense.gov/Portals/70/Documents/dod_reforms/Goldwater-NicholsDoDReordAct1986.pdf|website=DOD|accessdate=30 December 2021}}</ref> Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 tasks both the Army and Marine Corps with expeditionary and amphibious operations.<ref>{{cite web|title=DODD 5100.01 |url=https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510001p.pdf|website=DOD|accessdate=30 December 2021}}</ref> With most of the 2000s spent in operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, Secretary of Defense [[Robert Gates]] voiced concerns that the Marine Corps are becoming a "second Army".<ref name="2ndarmy">{{cite web |author=Kevin Baron |title=Gates: Time has come to re-examine future of Marine Corps |date=12 August 2010 |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/gates-time-has-come-to-re-examine-future-of-marine-corps-1.114465 |access-date=20 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916071214/http://www.stripes.com/news/gates-time-has-come-to-re-examine-future-of-marine-corps-1.114465 |archive-date=16 September 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Since these comments, the Marine Corps has shed its main battle tanks, reduced its size, and focused more on operations in littoral areas where the Army is not explicitly tasked to operate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marine Corps Restructure |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/marines-are-joining-the-army-as-corps-sheds-tank-battalions-2021-4|website=Business Insider|accessdate=30 December 2021}}</ref>

The Army maintains much larger and diverse combat arms, special operations, and logistics forces. The Army has much lighter and expeditionary forces in its infantry and airborne infantry brigade combat teams. The Army also maintains heavier and more logistically taxing armored brigade combat teams.<ref>{{cite web|title=FM 3–96|url=https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN31505-FM_3-96-000-WEB-1.pdf|website=DA Pubs|accessdate=30 December 2021}}</ref> The Marine Corps, in comparison, maintains forces between these two extremes of mobility and protection. The Marine Corps organizes much smaller deployable units with integrated aviation support. The Marine Corps was historically hesitant to provide forces to U.S. Special Operations Command, instead making specialty units available to its division commanders. The Army has maintained Special Forces, Rangers, civil affairs, psychological operations, special operations aviation, and special missions units for decades. In 2003, the Marine Corps<ref name="Donald Rumsfeld">{{cite news |author= Bradley Graham |title= Elite Marine Unit to Help Fight Terrorism |newspaper= [[The Washington Post]] |date= 3 November 2005 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/01/AR2005110102069.html |access-date= 17 September 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170525191505/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/01/AR2005110102069.html |archive-date= 25 May 2017 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all}}</ref> created the present-day successors to the [[Marine Raiders]] and provided them to [[United States Special Operations Command|Special Operations Command]] starting with the establishment of [[Det One|MCSOCOM Detachment One]]. The modern Marine Raider training pipeline was based on input from U.S. Army Ranger and Special Forces units.<ref name="Priddy">{{cite news|last= Priddy |first= Maj. Wade |title= Marine Detachment 1: Opening the door for a Marine force contribution to USSOCom |journal=Marine Corps Gazette |volume= 90|issue=6 |pages= 58–59 |publisher=Marine Corps Association |year= 2006}}</ref>

Culturally, marines and soldiers share most of the common U.S. military slang and terminology, but the Corps utilizes a large number of naval terms and traditions incompatible with Army lifestyle, as well as its own [[List of United States Marine Corps acronyms and expressions|unique vernacular]]. As the Army Reserve and Army National Guard is much larger than the Marine Corps's Reserve, many more former active duty marines continue their service in the Army's reserve components.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marine to Guard|url=https://www.nationalguard.com/m2gl|website=National Guard|accessdate=30 December 2021}}</ref> The Army does not require transfers from the Marines, [[Air Force Security Forces]], or special operations of any branch to attend Army Basic Combat Training.<ref>{{cite web|title=Go Army|url=https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/current-and-prior-service/continue-serving/transitioning-services/inter-service-transfer-program.m.html|website=Go Army|accessdate=30 December 2021}}</ref> Due to the requirement that all inter-service transfers attend Marine Corps Recruit Training, very few former soldiers serve in the Marine Corps.

===United States Air Force===
[[File:C-5 CH-46.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=color photo of marines pushing carted equipment from the open bay of a large cargo jet|Marines unloading [[Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight|CH-46 Sea Knight]] helicopters from an Air Force [[C-5 Galaxy]]]]

While some of [[United States Marine Corps Aviation|Marine Corps Aviation]] assets ultimately derive from the Navy, a large amount of support is drawn from the United States Air Force. The Marine Corps makes extensive use of the USAF [[Air Mobility Command]] to [[airlift]] marines and equipment, along with utilizing close air support from the Air Force. The Air Force may also attach [[Tactical Air Control Party]] units to conventional Marine ground forces to provide coordination for close air support.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airforce.com/careers/detail/tactical-air-control-party-specialist-tacp|title=U.S. Air Force – Career Detail – Tactical Air Control Party Specialist (TACP)|website=airforce.com|access-date=21 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822015335/https://www.airforce.com/careers/detail/tactical-air-control-party-specialist-tacp|archive-date=22 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Air Force traditionally provides the [[Joint Force Air Component Commander]] (JFACC) who controls "sorties for air defense, and long range interdiction and reconnaissance" while the MAGTF commander retains control of the Marines' organic aviation assets, however Marine Aviation missions not directly in the support of the MAGTF will be typically controlled by the JFACC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apc.au.af.mil/text/oap/purpose.htm |title=Purpose of JFACC (archived) |access-date=28 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051119110547/http://www.apc.au.af.mil/text/oap/purpose.htm |archive-date=19 November 2005}} U.S. Air Force</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Expeditionary Operations (Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication 3) |author =United States Marine Corps|page=83|publisher= Willside Press LLC|year=2005 |isbn =978-1-55742-371-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp3_30.pdf |title=Command and Control of Joint Air Operations |access-date=18 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222114848/http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp3_30.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2014}}</ref>

===United States Coast Guard===
The Marine Corps shares a sphere of operation with units of the United States Coast Guard, including operation of the [[Joint Maritime Training Center]] (JMTC) (previously known as the Special Missions Training Center (SMTC)), a joint Coast Guard, Navy, and Marine Corps training facility located on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}