Islamic terrorism

==== Morocco ====
{{See also|Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group|Salafia Jihadia|Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)}}

The majority of the perpetrators directly and indirectly involved in the [[2004 Madrid train bombings]] were Moroccans. In the aftermath of that attack, Morocco became a focus of attention for anti-terrorist authorities in [[#Spain|Spain]].<ref name="ispi2018" />

While Morocco is generally seen as a secure destination for tourists as the last terrorist attack happened in [[2011 Marrakesh bombing|2011 where 17 people were killed by bomb at a restaurant in Marrakesh]], over 1600 people have travelled from Morocco to join the Islamic State in the [[Syrian Civil War]]. Moroccan authorities initially ignored the people who joined ISIS but later on realised they could return to commit terrorist offences in Morocco. As a result, the ''Bureau Central d'Investigations Judiciaires'' (BCIJ) was formed.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|url=https://jyllands-posten.dk/premium/indblik/Indland/ECE11086519/mindst-1600-marokkanere-sluttede-sig-til-is-nu-har-marokko-et-problem-med-hellige-krigere/|title=Hundreder af tikkende bomber i landet, som Islamisk Stat styrede udenom i syv år|date=20 December 2018|website=jyllands-posten.dk|access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref>

In the 2013–2017 period, anti-terrorist authorities in Morocco, in cooperation with their counterparts in Spain, conducted up to eleven joint operations against jihadist cells and networks.<ref name="ispi2018" />

In 2016, the government developed a strategy to further adherence to the [[Maliki]] Islamic school of thought. The authorities removed Quranic passages that were deemed too violent from religious education textbooks. As a result, the textbooks were reduced to 24 lessons from the 50 lessons they had before.<ref name="ispi2018" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20161213-focus-morocco-school-reform-religious-education-islam-fight-extremism|title=FOCUS – Morocco reforms religious education to fight extremism|date=13 December 2016|publisher=France 24|language=en|access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref>

In 2017, it was estimated that {{Val|1623}} Moroccans and 2000 Moroccan-Europeans had travelled to join the Islamic State caliphate in the [[Syrian Civil War]], which along with other fighters from MENA countries contributed a significant force to ISIS.<ref name="ispi2018" />

According to a researcher at the [[Danish Institute for International Studies]], Moroccan authorities appear to have a good grip on the jihadist situation and cooperates with European and US authorities. Moroccans are overrepresented in "diaspora terrorism", that is terrorism which takes place outside the borders of Morocco. For example, two Moroccans were behind the [[2017 London Bridge attack]] and a Moroccan killed people by driving his van into pedestrians in [[La Rambla, Barcelona|La Rambla]] in the [[2017 Barcelona attacks|2017 Barcelona terrorist attacks]].<ref name=":03" />