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Do not fill this in! == Post-election events and controversies == {{see also|International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election}} Trump's victory, considered unlikely by most forecasts,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lohr |first1=Steve |last2=Singer |first2=Natasha |title=How Data Failed Us in Calling an Election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/technology/the-data-said-clinton-would-win-why-you-shouldnt-have-believed-it.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 10, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=D.R. |title=How did the polls get it wrong? |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2016/11/economist-explains-3 |magazine=[[The Economist]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Catanese |first1=David |title=Republicans' Last Hope: The Polls Are Wrong |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/the-run-2016/articles/2016-10-24/republicans-last-hope-the-polls-are-wrong |date=October 24, 2016 |magazine=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Vogel |first1=Kenneth P. |last2=Isenstadt |first2=Alex |title=How Did Everyone Get it So Wrong? |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/how-did-everyone-get-2016-wrong-presidential-election-231036 |date=November 9, 2016 |publisher=[[Politico]] |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Flint |first1=Joe |last2=Alpert |first2=Lukas I. |title=How the Media's Election Predictions Badly Missed the Mark |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bad-polling-in-hand-media-misses-mark-badly-with-election-predictions-1478710860 |date=November 9, 2016 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> was characterized as an "upset" and as "shocking" by the media.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/us/politics/donald-trump-election-reaction.html |title=Donald Trump's Victory Is Met With Shock Across a Wide Political Divide |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Arkin |first1=Daniel |last2=Siemaszko |first2=Corky |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-election-day/2016-election-donald-trump-wins-white-house-upset-n679936 |title=2016 Election: Donald Trump Wins the White House in Upset |work=[[NBC News]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/09/how-trump-won-us-election |title=How Donald Trump swept to an unreal, surreal presidential election win |date=November 9, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Goldmacher |first1=Shane |last2=Schreckinger |first2=Ben |title=Trump Pulls Off Biggest Upset in U.S. History |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070 |date=November 9, 2016 |publisher=[[Politico]] |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> Trump himself thought he would lose even as the polls were closing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-wisconsin-232605|title=Trump tells Wisconsin: Victory was a surprise|first=Nolan D.|last=Mccaskill|website=[[Politico]]|date=December 13, 2016 }}</ref> === Protests === [[File:Protests in Los Angeles.webm|thumb|right|upright=.91|News report about the protests in Los Angeles on November 12 from [[Voice of America]]]] {{further|Protests against Donald Trump#Post-election protests}} Following the announcement of Trump's election, large protests broke out across the United States with some continuing for several days.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/12/us/trump-election-protests.html |title=Protests of Trump's Election Continue Into Third Day |last=Bromwich |first=Jonah Engel |date=November 11, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/09/501513889/anti-trump-protests-break-out-in-cities-across-the-country |title=Across The Country, Thousands March In Protest Against Trump's Victory : The Two-Way |last1=Domonoske |first1=Camila |last2=Overland |first2=Martha Ann |newspaper=[[NPR]] |date=November 9, 2016 |access-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/anti-trump-protests-turn-violent-in-oregon-1478885999 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |title=Anti-Trump Protests Likely to Continue Friday and Saturday |last1=Calvert |first1=Scott |last2=McWhirter |first2=Cameron |date=November 11, 2016|access-date=June 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/11/11/violence-erupts-in-portland-riot-as-anti-trump-protests-continue-in-cities-across-the-nation |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |title=As anti-Trump anger feeds protests and violence, Obama echoes appeals for unity |author1=Leah Sottile |author2=Samantha Schmidt |author3=Brian Murphy |date=November 11, 2016}}</ref> Protesters held up a number of different signs and chanted various shouts including "Not my president" and "We don't accept the president-elect."<ref name=":2">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/11/not-my-president-elect |title=Anti-Trump protests continue across America |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":5"/> The movement organized on [[Twitter]] under the hashtags #Antitrump and #NotMyPresident.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pe.com/articles/president-818185-area-voiced.html |title=Here are all the Southern California students who walked out of high schools to protest Donald Trump |last=Ratzlaff |first=Angela |newspaper=Press Enterprise |language=en|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Reuters 2nd">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-protests-idUSKBN1343CO |title=In second day of anti-Trump protests, civil rights a top concern |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=[[Reuters]]|access-date=November 10, 2016 |first=Javier |last=Galeano}}</ref> High school and college students walked out of classes to protest.<ref name=vcst>{{cite news |url=http://www.vcstar.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/11/10/oxnard-students-lead-anti-trump-protests/93602958/ |title=Oxnard students took to the streets protesting Trump |newspaper=Ventura County Star |date=November 10, 2016 |access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> At a few protests fires were lit, flags and other items were burned and people yelled derogatory remarks about Trump. Rioters also broke glass at certain locations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/11/09/rioting-breaks-out-in-the-us-in-reaction-to-donald-trumps-shock-victory-6246293/ |first=Toby |last=Meyjes |publisher=Metro |date=November 9, 2016|access-date=November 9, 2016 |title=Rioting breaks out in the US in reaction to Donald Trump's shock victory}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/donald-trump-elected-president-riots-break-out-university-campuses-after-republicans-2443978 |first=Seerat |last=Chabba |newspaper=International Business Times |title=Donald Trump Elected President: Riots Break Out At University Campuses After Republican's Win |date=November 9, 2016|access-date=November 9, 2016}}</ref> Celebrities such as [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], [[Cher]], and [[Lady Gaga]] took part in New York.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/madonna-mark-ruffalo-t-join-nyc-anti-trump-protests-article-1.2867287 |title=Madonna, Mark Ruffalo, T.I. and more celebrities join New York City anti-Trump protests |newspaper=The New York Daily News |date=November 10, 2016|access-date=November 10, 2016 |first=Nicole |last=Bitette}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://uproxx.com/music/cher-madonna-ti-donald-trump-protests/ |title=Cher, Madonna And T.I. Lend Their Support To NYC's Anti-Trump Protests |last=Gotty |first=John |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=UPROXX |language=en-US |access-date=June 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112221250/http://uproxx.com/music/cher-madonna-ti-donald-trump-protests/ |archive-date=November 12, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/4564242/lady-gaga-protest-trump/ |title=Lady Gaga Protested Outside Trump Tower During the Election |last=Lang |first=Cady |magazine=TIME |date=November 10, 2016|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> [[Kendrick Lamar]]'s song "[[Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)|Alright]]" was used repeatedly by protestors, despite the movement receiving no endorsement from Lamar himself.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-13|title=Protestors disrupt Trump's Chicago rally by chanting Kendrick Lamar's 'Alright'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/kendrick-lamar-alright-chanted-protestors-trump-chicago-rally-a6928731.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/kendrick-lamar-alright-chanted-protestors-trump-chicago-rally-a6928731.html |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-01|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The History of Kendrick Lamar's "Alright" as a Protest Song|url=https://www.complex.com/music/2020/06/kendrick-lamar-alright-protest-song|access-date=2021-10-01|website=Complex|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Peter Andrew Hart|date=2016-03-12|title=Protesters Chant Kendrick Lamar's 'Alright' At Chicago Trump Protest|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kendrick-lamar-chicago-trump-protest_n_56e47e92e4b0b25c91823087|access-date=2021-10-01|website=[[HuffPost]]|language=en}}</ref> Some protesters took to blocking [[Controlled-access highway|freeways]] in [[Los Angeles]], [[San Diego]], and [[Portland, Oregon]], and were dispersed by police in the early hours of the morning.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://abc7.com/politics/thousands-protest-trump-election-in-la-block-101-freeway-downtown/1599507/ |title=Thousands protest Trump election in LA, block 101 Freeway downtown |last=Rand |first=Jory Rand bio, about Jory |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en-US|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.kgw.com/news/traffic/protesters-disrupt-i-5-portland-traffic/348696903 |title=6 arrested after march disrupts I-5 Portland traffic |last=TEGNA |newspaper=KGW |language=en-US|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref> In a number of cities, protesters were dispersed with rubber bullets, pepper spray and bean-bags fired by police.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://abc7.com/news/police-fire-rubber-bullets-at-anti-trump-protesters-in-santa-ana;-10-arrested/1600290/ |title=Police fire rubber bullets at anti-Trump protesters in Santa Ana; 10 arrested |last=about |first=John Gregory, bio |date=November 10, 2016 |newspaper=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en-US|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2016/11/10/not_my_president_tens_of_thousands |title="Not My President": Tens of Thousands Take to Streets, Block Freeways & Rally Against Trump |website=Democracy Now!|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-downtown-la-trump-protests-20161109-htmlstory.html |title=Anti-Trump protests continue for second day in California following a night of vandalism and arrests |last=Serna |first=Joseph |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0458-3035|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref> In New York City, calls were made to continue the protests over the coming days after the election.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/us/trump-election-protest-berkeley-oakland.html |title=Anti-Trump Demonstrators Take to the Streets in Several U.S. Cities |last=Fuller |first=Thomas |date=November 9, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 11, 2016}}</ref> Los Angeles mayor [[Eric Garcetti]] expressed understanding of the protests and praised those who peacefully wanted to make their voices heard.<ref>{{cite news |title=L.A. Mayor Praises Peaceful Anti-Trump Protests |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/la-mayor-praises-peaceful-anti-trump-protests-946312 |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |agency=Associated Press |date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> === Vote tampering concerns === [[File:How Hard Is It to Hack the US Election - November 5 2016.webm|thumb|right|200px|"How Hard Is It to Hack the US Election" video report from [[Voice of America]], November{{nbsp}}5, 2016 (three days before the election)]] After the election, computer scientists, including [[Alex Halderman|J. Alex Halderman]], the director of the [[University of Michigan]] Center for Computer Security and Society, urged the Clinton campaign to request an [[election recount]] in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania (three swing states where Trump had won narrowly) for the purpose of excluding the possibility that the hacking of [[electronic voting]] machines had influenced the recorded outcome.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/22/politics/hillary-clinton-challenge-results/index.html |title=Computer scientists to Clinton campaign: Challenge election results |first=Dan |last=Merica |website=[[CNN]]|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/11/activists-urge-hillary-clinton-to-challenge-election-results.html |title=Experts Urge Clinton Campaign to Challenge Election Results in 3 Swing States |last=Sherman |first=Gabriel |newspaper=Daily Intelligencer|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@jhalderm/want-to-know-if-the-election-was-hacked-look-at-the-ballots-c61a6113b0ba |title=Want to Know if the Election was Hacked? Look at the Ballots |last=Halderman |first=J. Alex |date=November 24, 2016 |website=Medium |access-date=November 24, 2016}}</ref> However, statistician [[Nate Silver]] performed a [[regression analysis]] which demonstrated that the alleged discrepancy between paper [[ballot]]s and electronic [[voting machine]]s "completely disappears once you control for race and education level."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://twitter.com/NateSilver538/status/801221907609579520 |title=Nate Silver on Twitter |newspaper=Twitter|access-date=November 24, 2016}}</ref> On November 25, 2016, the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama administration]] said the results from November{{nbsp}}8 "accurately reflect the will of the American people."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/25/us/politics/hacking-russia-election-fears-barack-obama-donald-trump.html |title=U.S. Officials Defend Integrity of Vote, Despite Hacking Fears |last=Sanger |first=David E. |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016}}</ref> The following day, the White House released another statement, saying: "the federal government did not observe any increased level of malicious cyberactivity aimed at disrupting our electoral process on Election Day."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/us/politics/clinton-camp-will-join-push-for-wisconsin-ballot-recount.html |title=Hillary Clinton's Team to Join Wisconsin Recount Pushed by Jill Stein |last=Sanger |first=David E. |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/white-house-hackers-election-recount-231849 |title=White House insists hackers didn't sway election, even as recount begins |last=Geller |first=Eric |work=[[Politico]]|date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=March 18, 2024}}</ref> In the years following the election, Hillary Clinton has alleged that official maleficence contributed to and may have caused her electoral loss, saying in 2022, "Literally within hours of the polls closing in 2016, we had so much evidence pouring in about voters being turned away in Milwaukee and not being able to vote in Detroit. These states were run by Republicans so there was no way to find out the truth about any of them."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Luce |first1=Edward |title=Hillary Clinton: 'We are standing on the precipice of losing our democracy' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2e667c3f-954d-49fa-8024-2c869789e32f |access-date=17 August 2023| newspaper = Financial Times| date = 17 June 2022}}</ref> Donald Trump and New Hampshire governor [[Chris Sununu]] both complained that liberal voters from Massachusetts were illegally bused into New Hampshire for the 2016 election, and [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]] blamed the same phenomenon for losing his senate race in 2014.<ref name="nh_once">{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/06/01/says-once-and-for-all-that-one-was-bused-vote/bQxQPQxyrvEOUzXTirnwDP/story.html |title=N.H. says once and for all that no one was bused in to vote |date=June 1, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |author=James Pindell |access-date=October 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026064758/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/06/01/says-once-and-for-all-that-one-was-bused-vote/bQxQPQxyrvEOUzXTirnwDP/story.html |archive-date=October 26, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The New Hampshire Secretary of State and New Hampshire Department of Justice issued a report in 2018 regarding complaints of voters being bused in from Vermont, Maine, and Massachusetts for the 2016 election. They found that in every case, field inspectors were able to determine that the voters were from New Hampshire, though they were riding a bus operated by an out-of-state company (which has its name and address written on the outside of the bus, presumably the source of the confusion).<ref name="nh_once"/> Out of 743,000 votes cast, four were determined to be cast illegally, either because the voters were told to go to the wrong location, or because the voter believed they were able to vote in each town in which they owned property.<ref name="nh_once"/> Out of about 6,000 same-day voter registrations in the state, the report says only 66 voters could not have their residency confirmed (though fraud is not the only explanation for such a failure).<ref name="nh_once"/> === Recount petitions === {{main|2016 United States presidential election recounts}} On November 23, [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] presidential candidate [[Jill Stein]] launched a public fundraiser to pay for recounts in [[Wisconsin]], [[Michigan]], and [[Pennsylvania]], asserting that the election's outcome had been affected by hacking in those states; Stein did not provide evidence for her claims.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why are people giving Jill Stein millions of dollars for an election recount? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/11/24/why-are-people-giving-jill-stein-millions-of-dollars-for-an-election-recount/ |last1=Weigel |first1=David |author-link1=David Weigel |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 24, 2016 |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NYTDec13">{{cite news |title=Stein Ends Recount Bid, but Says It Revealed Flaws in Voting System |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/us/stein-ends-recount-bid-but-says-it-revealed-flaws-in-voting-system.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> Changing the outcome of these three states would make Clinton the winner, and this would require showing that fewer than 60,000 votes had been counted for Trump which should have been counted for Clinton. Stein filed for a recount in Wisconsin on November 25,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/jill-stein-submits-presidential-recount-petition-wisconsin-n688316 |title=Election recount process to begin in Wisconsin after Green Party petition |work=[[NBC News]] |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref> after which Clinton campaign general counsel [[Marc Elias]] said their campaign would join Stein's recount efforts in that state and possibly others "in order to ensure the process proceeds in a manner that is fair to all sides."<ref name=splits>{{cite news |title=Clinton campaign splits from White House in backing Jill Stein recount push |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/26/hillary-clinton-attorney-jill-stein-wisconsin-recount |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Marc|last=Elias |title=Listening and Responding To Calls for an Audit and Recount |url=https://medium.com/@marceelias/listening-and-responding-to-calls-for-an-audit-and-recount-2a904717ea39 |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016 |work=[[Medium (website)|Medium]]|author-link=Marc Elias }}</ref> Stein subsequently filed for a recount in Pennsylvania on November 28,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pennlive.com/nation-world/2016/11/pennsylvania_recount_stein_cli.html |title=Jill Stein files petition seeking Pennsylvania presidential election recount |work=pennlive.com |date=November 29, 2016 |access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> and in Michigan on November 30.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jill Stein files for Michigan recount |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/jill-stein-files-for-michigan-recount-232015 |website=[[Politico]] |date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> Concurrently, [[American Delta Party]]/[[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]] presidential candidate [[Rocky De La Fuente]] sought and was granted a partial recount in Nevada that was unrelated to Stein's efforts.<ref name="NV"/> President-elect Donald Trump issued a statement denouncing Stein's Wisconsin recount request saying, "The people have spoken and the election is over." Trump further commented that the recount "is a scam by the Green Party for an election that has already been conceded."<ref>{{cite news |title=Read: Trump Slams Jill Stein Over 'Ridiculous' Vote Recount Effort |url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/11/26/donald-trump-reacts-jill-steins-recount-effort-presidential-election-votes |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=November 26, 2016 |access-date=November 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127131148/http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/11/26/donald-trump-reacts-jill-steins-recount-effort-presidential-election-votes |archive-date=November 27, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Trump campaign and Republican Party officials moved to block Stein's three recount efforts through state and federal courts.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Campaign Objects To Michigan Hand Recount |url=http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2016/12/01/trump-campaign-objects-to-michigan-hand-recount/ |website=[[CBS Detroit]] |date=December 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/02/politics/michigan-attorney-general-files-suit-to-stop-recount/index.html |title=Michigan attorney general files lawsuit to stop recount |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=December 2, 2016}}</ref> [[Mark A. Goldsmith|U.S. District Judge Mark Goldsmith]] ordered a halt to the recount in Michigan on December 7, dissolving a previous temporary restraining order against the Michigan Board of Elections that allowed the recount to continue, stating in his order: "Plaintiffs have not presented evidence of tampering or mistake. Instead, they present speculative claims going to the vulnerability of the voting machinery—but not actual injury."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/08/politics/michigan-election-recount/index.html |title=Michigan recount halted |website=[[CNN]]|date=December 8, 2016}}</ref> On December 12, [[Paul S. Diamond|U.S. District Judge Paul Diamond]] rejected an appeal by the Green Party and Jill Stein to force a recount in Pennsylvania, stating that suspicion of a hacked Pennsylvania election "borders on the irrational" and that granting the Green Party's recount bid could "ensure that no Pennsylvania vote counts" given the December 13, 2016, federal deadline to certify the vote for the Electoral College.<ref name="ChiTrib12122016">{{cite news |date=December 12, 2016 |title=U.S. judge rejects Green Party's Pennsylvania recount case; Wisconsin recount finished |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-pennsylvania-election-recount-20161212-story.html |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=December 12, 2016}}</ref> Meanwhile, the Wisconsin recount was allowed to continue as it was nearing completion and had uncovered no significant irregularities.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Latest: Judge to Rule Monday on Pennsylvania Recount |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/latest-michigan-court-members-recount-44086754|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210110914/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/latest-michigan-court-members-recount-44086754|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 10, 2016 |website=[[ABC News]] |date=December 9, 2016}}</ref> The recounts in Wisconsin and Nevada were completed on schedule, resulting in only minor changes to vote tallies.<ref name="WIResults">{{cite news |first=Matthew|last=DuFour|title=Completed Wisconsin recount widens Donald Trump's lead by 131 votes |url=http://host.madison.com/wsj/news/local/govt-and-politics/completed-wisconsin-recount-widens-donald-trump-s-lead-by-votes/article_3f61c6ac-5b18-5c27-bf38-e537146bbcdd.html |newspaper=[[Wisconsin State Journal]] |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NVResults">{{cite news |title=Nevada ballot recount changes just 15 Trump, Clinton votes |url=http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/34011663/nevada-ballot-recount-changes-just-15-trump-clinton-votes |website=Fox 5 KVVU-TV |date=December 8, 2016 |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221134247/http://www.fox5vegas.com/story/34011663/nevada-ballot-recount-changes-just-15-trump-clinton-votes |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A partial recount of Michigan ballot found some precinct imbalances in Detroit, which were corrected. A subsequent state audit found no evidence of [[voter fraud]] and concluded that the mistakes, which were "almost entirely" caused by poll-worker mistakes attributed to poor training, did not impair "the ability of Detroit residents to cast a ballot and have their vote counted."<ref>{{cite news |first=Kathleen|last=Gray |title=State audit: No evidence of fraud in Detroit vote |url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2017/02/09/detroit-vote-problems-election-audit/97690514/ |newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]] |date=February 9, 2017}}</ref> The overall outcome of the election remained unchanged by the recount efforts.<ref name="WIResults"/><ref name="NVResults"/><ref name="Reuters13">{{cite news |title=Green Party U.S. election recount bid comes to a close |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-recount-idUSKBN1411QE |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> === Electoral College lobbying === {{anchor|ElectoralLobbying}} Intense lobbying (in one case involving claims of [[harassment]] and [[death threats]])<ref>{{cite web |first=Alexandria |last=King |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/30/politics/banerian-death-threats-cnntv |title=Electoral College voter: I'm getting death threats |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=November 30, 2016 |access-date=November 30, 2016}}</ref> and [[grass-roots]] campaigns were directed at various GOP electors of the [[United States Electoral College]]<ref name="Idaho GOP Electors Lobbied and Harassed">{{cite news |url=http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/politics-government/election/article114786018.html |title=Electoral College: Are Idaho's 4 electors being pressured to dump Trump, or harassed? |last=Dentzer |first=Bill |date=November 15, 2016 |newspaper=[[The Idaho Statesman]]}}</ref> to convince a sufficient number of them (37) to not vote for Trump, thus precluding a Trump presidency.<ref name="Intense Lobbying Continues">{{cite news |url=http://www.idahostatesman.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article116138613.html |title=Trump opponents' campaign to beat him at the Electoral College is a long shot |last=Kruesi |first=Kimberlee |date=November 21, 2016 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=The Idaho Statesman}}</ref> Members of the Electoral College themselves started a campaign for other members to "vote their conscience for the good of America" in accordance with [[Alexander Hamilton]]'s [[Federalist No. 68|Federalist Paper No. 68]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/meet-the-hamilton-electors-hoping-for-an-electoral-college-revolt/508433/ |title=Meet the 'Hamilton Electors' Campaigning for an Electoral College Revolt |last=O'Donnell |first=Lilly |work=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/HamiltonElectors/ |title=Hamilton Electors {{!}} Facebook|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hamiltonelectors.com/ |title=Hamilton Electors |newspaper=Hamilton Electors |access-date=November 23, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123013646/http://www.hamiltonelectors.com/ |archive-date=November 23, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/hamiltonelector |title=HamiltonElectors (@HamiltonElector)|website=[[Twitter]]|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> Former candidate [[Lawrence Lessig]] and attorney [[Laurence Tribe]] established The Electors Trust on December 5 under the aegis of [[Equal Citizens]] to provide [[pro bono]] legal counsel as well as a secure communications platform for members of the Electoral College who were considering a [[unfaithful elector|vote of conscience]] against Trump.<ref name="The Electors Trust">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/larry-lessig-electors-trump-232231 |title=Lessig, lawyers to offer support to anti-Trump electors |last=Cheney |first=Kyle|website=[[Politico]]|date=December 5, 2016 }}</ref> On December 6, [[Secretary of State of Colorado|Colorado Secretary of State]] [[Wayne W. Williams]] castigated Democratic electors who had filed a lawsuit in Federal court to have the state law binding them to the popular vote (in their case for Hillary Clinton) overturned.<ref name="Colororado Secretary of State Castigates Litigant Electors">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/colorado-secretary-of-state-rogue-electors-232294 |title=Colorado secretary of state slams rogue electors |last=Cheney |first=Kyle|website=[[Politico]]|date=December 6, 2016 }}</ref> On December 10, ten electors, in an open letter headed by [[Christine Pelosi]] to the Director of National Intelligence [[James Clapper]], demanded an intelligence briefing<ref name="Intelligence Briefing Demanded by Electors">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/electors-intelligence-briefing-trump-russia-232498 |title=Electors demand intelligence briefing before Electoral College vote |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |website=[[Politico]]|date=December 12, 2016}}</ref><ref name="OpenLettertoClapper">{{cite web |url=https://extranewsfeed.com/bipartisan-electors-ask-james-clapper-release-facts-on-outside-interference-in-u-s-election-c1a3d11d5b7b |title=Bipartisan Electors Ask James Clapper: Release Facts on Outside Interference in U.S. Election |last=Pelosi |first=Christine|website=Extra News Feed|date=December 16, 2016 }}</ref> in light of [[2016 United States election interference by Russia|Russian interference in the election to help Trump win the presidency]].<ref name="CIA Concludes Russia Aimed to Help Trump Win the Presidency">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/10/505072304/cia-concludes-russian-interference-aimed-to-elect-trump |title=CIA Concludes Russian Interference Aimed To Elect Trump |last=Mary |first=Kelly |newspaper=[[NPR]] |date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> Fifty-eight additional electors subsequently added their names to the letter,<ref name="OpenLettertoClapper"/> bringing the total to 68 electors from 17 different states.<ref>{{cite web|first=Pete|last=Williams|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coming-soon-real-presidential-election-n696556|title=Coming Soon: The 'Real' Presidential Election|website=[[NBC News]]|date=December 15, 2016}}</ref> On December 16, the briefing request was denied.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/news/310820-electors-wont-get-intelligence-briefing-report/ |title=Electors won't get intelligence briefing: report |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=December 16, 2016 |access-date=February 12, 2017}}</ref> On December 19, several electors [[#Faithless electors|voted against their pledged candidates]]: two against Trump and five against Clinton. A further three electors attempted to vote against Clinton but were replaced or forced to vote again. The [[115th United States Congress]] officially certified the results on January 6, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caldwell |first1=Leigh Ann |title=Despite Objections, Congress Certifies Donald Trump's Election |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/despite-objections-congress-certifies-donald-trump-s-election-n704026 |date=January 6, 2017 |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chiacu |first1=Doina |last2=Susan |first2=Cornwell |title=U.S. Congress Certifies Trump's Electoral College Victory |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-congress-idUSKBN14Q25R |date=January 6, 2017 |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref> === Faithless electors === {{Main|Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election}} In the Electoral College vote on December 19, for the first time since [[1808 United States presidential election|1808]], multiple [[faithless elector]]s voted against their pledged qualified presidential candidate.{{efn|The [[1872 United States presidential election|1872 presidential election]] also saw multiple electors vote for a different candidate than that pledged, due to the death of [[Liberal Republican Party (United States)|Liberal Republican]] candidate [[Horace Greeley]], after the popular vote, yet before the meeting of the Electoral College. Greeley still garnered three posthumous electoral votes which were subsequently dismissed by Congress.}} Five Democrats rebelled in [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[Hawaii]], while two Republicans rebelled in [[Texas]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Detrow |first1=Scott |title=Donald Trump Secures Electoral College Win, With Few Surprises |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/12/19/506188169/donald-trump-poised-to-secure-electoral-college-win-with-few-surprises |access-date=June 15, 2017 |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Two Democratic electors, one in Minnesota and one in Colorado, were replaced after voting for [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[John Kasich]], respectively.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Coolican |first1=J. Patrick |title=Minnesota electors align for Clinton; one replaced after voting for Sanders |url=http://www.startribune.com/mn-electors-meet-award-clinton-votes-amid-protests-against-trump/407477396/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=Star Tribune |date=December 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="kdvr_2016-12-19">{{cite news |last1=Hickey |first1=Chuck |title=Colorado Electoral College casts all 9 votes for Clinton after elector replaced |url=http://kdvr.com/2016/12/19/colorado-electoral-college-casts-all-9-votes-for-clinton-kaine-after-elector-replaced/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |agency=Fox 31 Denver |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Electors in Maine conducted a second vote after one of its members voted for Sanders; the elector then voted for Clinton.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thistle |first1=Scott |title=Maine electors cast votes for Clinton, Trump—after protests inside and outside State House |url=http://www.pressherald.com/2016/12/19/maine-electoral-college-elector-says-he-will-cast-his-ballot-for-sanders/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=Portland Press Herald |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Likewise, for the first time since [[1896 United States presidential election|1896]],{{efn|Not including [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]], because of the death of [[James S. Sherman]].}} multiple faithless electors voted against the pledged qualified vice presidential candidate. * One Clinton elector in Colorado attempted to vote for John Kasich.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Eason |first1=Brian |last2=Frank |first2=John |title=Colorado's electoral votes go to Hillary Clinton after one is replaced |url=http://www.denverpost.com/2016/12/19/colorado-electors-new-motion-federal-appeal-denied/ |access-date=November 6, 2017 |work=The Denver Post |date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> The single vote was ruled invalid by Colorado state law, the elector was dismissed, and an alternative elector was sworn in who voted for Clinton.<ref name=":62">{{cite web |url=http://www.ajc.com/news/national/electoral-college-vote-live-updates-state-state-voting/sy5C2hooqtnMG8tEviTATN/ |title=Electoral College vote: Live updates on state-by-state voting |last=Lord |first=Debbie |website=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|date=December 19, 2016|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="kdvr_2016-12-19"/> * One Clinton elector in Minnesota voted for Bernie Sanders as president and [[Tulsi Gabbard]] as vice president; his votes were discarded and he was replaced by an alternate who voted for Clinton.<ref name=":62"/> * One Clinton elector in Maine voted for Bernie Sanders; this vote was invalidated as "improper" and the elector subsequently voted for Clinton.<ref name=":62"/> * Four Clinton electors in Washington did not vote for Clinton (three votes went to [[Colin Powell]], and one to [[Faith Spotted Eagle]]).<ref name="nytimestrackingtheelectoralcollegevote2">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html |title=Tracking the Electoral College Vote |date=December 19, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last2=Schmidt |first2=Kiersten |last1=Andrews |first1=Wilson}}</ref> * One Trump elector in Georgia resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liebergen |first1=Stephanie |title=Georgia Elector Resigns After Publicly Refusing To Vote For Trump |url=http://www.newsy.com/stories/georgia-elector-resigns-after-publicly-refusing-to-vote-for-trump/ |access-date=June 15, 2017 |work=Newsy |date=August 3, 2016}}</ref> * Two Trump electors in Texas did not vote for Trump (one vote went to John Kasich, one to Ron Paul); one elector did not vote for Pence and instead voted for [[Carly Fiorina]] for vice-president; a third resigned before the vote rather than vote for Trump and was replaced by an alternate.<ref name="nytimestrackingtheelectoralcollegevote2"/> * One Clinton elector in Hawaii voted for Bernie Sanders.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/f257bfa03cef45c3a68cd6fb6f8b8fb6|title=The Latest: Hawaii electors cast votes for Clinton, Sanders|work=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 20, 2016|access-date=November 6, 2017}}</ref> Of the faithless votes, [[Colin Powell]] and [[Elizabeth Warren]] were the only two to receive more than one; Powell received three electoral votes for president and Warren received two for vice president. Receiving one valid electoral vote each were Sanders, [[John Kasich]], [[Ron Paul]] and [[Faith Spotted Eagle]] for president, and [[Carly Fiorina]], [[Susan Collins]], [[Winona LaDuke]] and [[Maria Cantwell]] for vice president. Sanders is the first [[Jewish American]] to receive an electoral vote for president. LaDuke is the first [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] member to receive an electoral vote, and Paul is the third member of the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] to do so, following the party's presidential and vice-presidential nominees each getting one vote in [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]]. It is the first election with faithless electors from more than one political party. The seven people to receive electoral votes for president were the most in a single election since [[1796 United States presidential election|1796]]. {| class="wikitable" |- ![[Electoral College (United States)#Apportionment|State]] ![[Electoral College (United States)#Nominations|Party]] !Presidential vote !Vice presidential vote ![[List of 2016 United States presidential electors|Name of elector]] !References |- | rowspan="2" |''Nationwide'' ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | |[[Donald Trump]], 304 |[[Mike Pence]], 305 | rowspan="2" |''Pledged'' | rowspan="2" | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | |[[Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign|Hillary Clinton]], 227 |[[Tim Kaine]], 227 |- |[[Hawaii]] ! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | |[[Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign|Bernie Sanders]] ([[Progressivism in the United States|I-VT]]) |[[Elizabeth Warren]] (D-MA) |David Mulinix |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/news/311119-democratic-elector-in-hawaii-votes-for-sanders/|title=Democratic elector in Hawaii votes for Sanders|last=Hellmann|first=Jessie|newspaper=The Hill |date=December 19, 2016|access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |[[Texas]] ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | |[[John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign|John Kasich]] (R-OH) |[[Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign|Carly Fiorina]] (R-VA) |Christopher Suprun |<ref name="statesman">Sean Collins Walsh, "[http://www.statesman.com/news/national-govt--politics/all-but-texas-members-the-electoral-college-choose-donald-trump/GSCDFHiXQvu3PiYSDMDryL/ All but two Texas members of the Electoral College choose Donald Trump]," ''Statesman.com'' (December 19, 2016).</ref><ref name="texaselectors">[https://www.texastribune.org/2016/12/19/watch-texas-electoral-college-vote-begins-texas-ca/ Texas electors cast 36 votes for Trump, one for Kasich, one for Ron Paul]. ''Texas Tribune'' (December 19, 2016). Retrieved December 19, 2016.</ref> |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" | |[[Ron Paul 2012 presidential campaign|Ron Paul]] ([[Ron Paul#Political party identification|L-TX / R-TX]]) |Mike Pence (''as pledged'') |Bill Greene |<ref name="statesman" /><ref name=":2" /> |- | rowspan="4" |[[Washington (state)|Washington]] ! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | | rowspan="3" |[[Colin Powell]] (R-VA){{refn|Powell has several homes, including one in NYC (still)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realtor.com/news/colin-powell-sells-new-york-city-apartment/ |title=Gen. Colin Powell Sells His $2.8M Upper West Side Condo |date=May 24, 2016 }}</ref> and also one in DC, but is officially a VA resident per [[WikiLeaks]] emails,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2016/10/leaked-emails-show-colin-powells-devotion-to-city-college-105720|title=Emails detail Colin Powell's substantial role at City College|first=Conor|last=Skelding|website=[[Politico]] PRO|access-date=March 1, 2022|archive-date=May 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525041553/http://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2016/10/leaked-emails-show-colin-powells-devotion-to-city-college-105720|url-status=dead}}</ref> and per his 'verified' social media account.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/GenPowell/about/ |title=General Colin L. Powell—Informatio |website=[[Facebook]] |date=December 20, 2016 }}</ref>}} |[[Maria Cantwell]] (D-WA) |Levi Guerra |<ref name="bigstory">Rachel la Corte, "[http://bigstory.ap.org/article/487a23bf2dd143a6833898dc2619d4f4/4-washington-state-electors-be-fined-1000-vote Four Washington state electors to be fined $1,000 for vote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226150053/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/487a23bf2dd143a6833898dc2619d4f4/4-washington-state-electors-be-fined-1000-vote |date=December 26, 2016 }}", ''bigstory.ap.org'' (December 22, 2016).</ref><ref name="breakranks">{{Cite news|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/four-washington-electors-break-ranks-and-dont-vote-for-clinton/|title=Four Washington state electors break ranks and don't vote for Clinton|last=Brunner|first=Jim|date=December 19, 2016|newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]]|access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref> |- ! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | |[[Susan Collins]] (R-ME) |Esther John |<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bigstory" /> |- ! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | |[[Elizabeth Warren]] (D-MA) |Bret Chiafalo |<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bigstory" /> |- ! style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" | |[[Faith Spotted Eagle]] (D-SD)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/meet-faith-spotted-eagle-the-native-elder-voted-for-president-by-a-washington-state-elector/|title=Meet Faith Spotted Eagle, who received one Washington state elector's presidential vote|date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> |[[Winona LaDuke]] ([[Green Party of Minnesota|G-MN]]) |[[Robert Satiacum Jr.]] |<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bigstory" /><ref name="washelectors">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theolympian.com/news/state/washington/article121770533.html|title=4 Washington State electors pick candidates other than Clinton|last=La Corte|first=Rachel|date=December 19, 2016|newspaper=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161221170701/http://www.theolympian.com/news/state/washington/article121770533.html|archive-date=December 21, 2016|language=en-US|via=The Olympian}}</ref> |} ===Democratic objections to vote certification=== {{Main|2017 United States Electoral College vote count}} On January 6, 2017, a [[Joint Session of Congress]] was held to count the Electoral College votes, pursuant to the [[Electoral Count Act]]. This count was unusual for the many unsuccessful objections raised by Democratic members of the [[House of Representatives (United States)|House of Representatives]], alleging [[Voter suppression in the United States|voter suppression]] and foreign interference. ===Handling of illegal votes=== Critics alleged racial bias after comparing the different sentences handed down to two white people and one black person who were convicted of attempting to vote illegally in the 2016 presidential election.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/crystal-mason-illegal-voting-case-race/2021/05/08/a22037d2-aea1-11eb-b476-c3b287e52a01_story.html Opinion: Would a woman have been sentenced to prison for illegal voting if she were White? Unlikely.]</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page