Toronto

=== Streets and highways ===
[[File:Highway 401 Densification.jpg|thumb|[[Ontario Highway 401|Highway 401]] is a [[400-series highways|400-series highway]] that passes west to east through Greater Toronto. Toronto's portion of Highway 401 is the busiest highway in North America.]]
The grid of major city streets was laid out by a [[concession road]] system, in which major [[arterial road]]s are {{convert|6600|ft|km|1|abbr=on}} apart (with some exceptions, particularly in Scarborough and Etobicoke, as they used a different survey). Major east-west arterial roads are generally parallel with the Lake Ontario shoreline, and major north–south arterial roads are roughly perpendicular to the shoreline, though slightly angled north of Eglinton Avenue. This arrangement is sometimes broken by geographical accidents, most notably the Don River ravines. Toronto's grid north is approximately 18.5° to the west of true north. Many arterials, particularly north–south ones, due to the city originally being within the former [[York County, Ontario|York County]], continue beyond the city into the [[Area code 905|905 suburbs]] and further into the rural countryside.

There are several municipal [[limited-access road|expressways]] and [[Ontario Provincial Highway Network|provincial highways]] that serve Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area. In particular, [[Ontario Highway 401|Highway 401]] bisects the city from west to east, bypassing the downtown core. It is the busiest road in North America,<ref name="fhwa">{{cite report |url=http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm |title=Long-Life Concrete Pavements in Europe and Canada |last=Maier |first=Hanna |date=October 9, 2007 |publisher=Federal Highway Administration |quote=The key high-volume highways in Ontario are the 400-series highways in the southern part of the province. The most important of these is the 401, the busiest highway in North America, with an average annual daily traffic (AADT) of more than 425,000 vehicles in 2004, and daily traffic sometimes exceeding 500,000. |access-date=May 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527124628/http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |url-status=live |website=fhwa.dot.gov |section=Chapter 2}}</ref>
and one of the busiest highways in the world.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 6, 2002 |title=Ontario government investing $401&nbsp;million to upgrade Highway 401 |url=http://ogov.newswire.ca/ontario/GPOE/2002/08/06/c0057.html?lmatch=&lang=_e.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914064434/http://ogov.newswire.ca/ontario/GPOE/2002/08/06/c0057.html?lmatch=&lang=_e.html |archive-date=September 14, 2007 |access-date=March 18, 2007 |website=ogov.newswire.ca |publisher=[[Ministry of Transportation of Ontario|Ontario Ministry of Transportation]] |quote=Highway 401 is one of the busiest highways in the world and represents a vital link in Ontario's transportation infrastructure, carrying more than 400,000 vehicles per day through Toronto.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Brian Gray |date=April 10, 2004 |title=GTA Economy Dinged by Every Crash on the 401 – North America's Busiest Freeway |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]], transcribed at Urban Planet |url=http://www.urbanplanet.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=3459 |url-status=live |access-date=March 18, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227131438/http://www.urbanplanet.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=3459 |archive-date=December 27, 2009 |quote=The "phenomenal" number of vehicles on Hwy. 401 as it cuts through Toronto makes it the busiest freeway in the world...}}</ref> Other provincial highways include [[Ontario Highway 400|Highway 400]], which connects the city with Northern Ontario and beyond and [[Ontario Highway 404|Highway 404]], an extension of the [[Don Valley Parkway]] into the northern suburbs. The [[Queen Elizabeth Way]] (QEW), North America's first divided intercity highway, terminates at Toronto's western boundary and connects Toronto to [[Niagara Falls]] and [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]. The main municipal expressways in Toronto include the [[Gardiner Expressway]], the Don Valley Parkway, and, to some extent, [[Allen Road]]. Toronto's traffic congestion is one of the highest in North America, and is the second highest in Canada after Vancouver.<ref>{{cite web |title=TomTom Congestion Index: North America |url=https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/trafficindex/list?citySize=LARGE&continent=NA&country=ALL |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616060403/https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/trafficindex/list?citySize=LARGE&continent=NA&country=ALL |archive-date=June 16, 2017 |access-date=September 13, 2017 |website=tomtom.com}}</ref>