Jerusalem

=== Judaism ===
{{Further|Jerusalem in Judaism}}
Jerusalem has been the [[Four Holy Cities|holiest city]] in Judaism and the ancestral and spiritual homeland of the Jewish people since King David proclaimed it his capital in the 10th century BCE.{{refn|group=note|name=bible-david}}<ref name="1000BCE" /> Without counting its other names, Jerusalem appears in the [[Hebrew Bible]] 669 times.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Muslim Claim to Jerusalem |date=5 July 2017 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315125374-3 |work=Nothing Abides |pages=11–38 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781315125374-3 |isbn=978-1-315-12537-4 |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> The first section, the [[Torah]] (Pentateuch), only mentions [[Moriah]], but in later parts of the Bible, the city is mentioned explicitly.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 June 1995 |title=Parshat Re'eh: No Jerusalem in Torah – Israel Opinion, Ynetnews |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3136760,00.html |access-date=17 October 2011 |work=Ynetnews |last1=Burg |first1=Avraham}}</ref> The Temple Mount, which was the site of Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple, is the holiest site in Judaism and the place Jews turn towards during prayer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rivka |first=Gonen |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1148595286 |title=Contested Holiness: Jewish, Muslim, and Christian Perspectives on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem |publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc. |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-88125-798-4 |location=Jersey City, NJ |pages=4 |oclc=1148595286 |quote=To the Jews the Temple Mount is the holiest place on Earth, the place where God manifested himself to King David and where two Jewish temples - Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple – were located.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Marshall J. |first1=Breger |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/48940385 |title=Jerusalem: A City and Its Future |last2=Ahimeir |first2=Ora |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8156-2912-2 |pages=296 |oclc=48940385}}</ref> The Western Wall, a remnant of the wall surrounding the Second Temple, is the holiest place where Jews are permitted to pray.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 July 2019 |title=The Temple Mount in the Herodian Period (37 BC–70 A.D.) |url=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/temple-at-jerusalem/the-temple-mount-in-the-herodian-period/ |access-date=17 July 2020 |publisher=Biblical Archaeology Society}}</ref> Synagogues around the world are traditionally built with the Holy Ark facing Jerusalem,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.schechter.edu/askrabbi/synagoguetemple.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131205934/http://www.schechter.edu/askrabbi/synagoguetemple.htm |archive-date=31 January 2008 |title=Synagogues |work=Ask the Rabbi |publisher=Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies |last=Goldberg |first=Monique Susskind |access-date=10 March 2007}}</ref> and Arks within Jerusalem face the [[Holy of Holies]].<ref name="returning">{{Cite book |url=http://www.jewishhistory.com/jh.php?id=AdditionalReadings&content=content/segal_ch12 |publisher=Department of Education and Culture of the World Zionist Organization |title=Returning: The Land of Israel as Focus in Jewish History |last=Segal |first=Benjamin J. |location=Jerusalem, Israel |year=1987 |page=124 |access-date=10 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051223025133/http://www.jewishhistory.com/jh.php?id=AdditionalReadings&content=content%2Fsegal_ch12 |archive-date=23 December 2005}}</ref> As prescribed in the [[Mishnah|Mishna]] and codified in the ''[[Shulchan Aruch]]'', daily prayers are recited while facing towards Jerusalem and the Temple Mount. Many Jews have "[[Mizrah|Mizrach]]" plaques hung on a wall of their homes to indicate the direction of prayer.<ref name="returning" /><ref>The Jewish injunction to pray toward Jerusalem comes in the ''[[Orach Chayim]]'' section of ''[[Shulchan Aruch]]'' (94:1) – "When one rises to pray anywhere in the Diaspora, he should face towards the Land of Israel, directing himself also toward Jerusalem, the Temple, and the Holy of Holies."</ref> The [[Western Wall]] is a remnant of the [[Second Temple]] and the holiest place where Jews are permitted to pray.