Islamic terrorism

==== Kenya ====
{{Main|Terrorism in Kenya}}
During the 1990s, Muslims in Kenya received religious radical instruction from [[Al-Qaeda]] and Somali group l-Itihad al-Islami (AIAI). AIAI sought to create an Islamic government over Somalia and the Ogaden region in Ethiopia. In Kenya, it recruited among [[Somalis in Kenya]] living in the [[North Eastern Province (Kenya)|North Eastern Province]] and the [[Eastleigh, Nairobi|Eastleigh district in Nairobi]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://ctc.usma.edu/terrorist-attacks-in-kenya-reveal-domestic-radicalization/|title=Terrorist Attacks in Kenya Reveal Domestic Radicalization|date=29 October 2012|website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2019|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801212030/https://ctc.usma.edu/terrorist-attacks-in-kenya-reveal-domestic-radicalization/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 7 August 1998, [[1998 United States embassy bombings|Al-Qaeda attacked the U.S. Embassy in Nairobi]] in an attack that claimed 213 lives.<ref name=":6" />

On 28 November 2002, Al-Qaeda militants [[2002 Mombasa attacks|attacked an Israeli-owned hotel in Mombasa]] where 15 were killed. Militants also fired [[Man-portable air-defense system|shoulder-launched anti-aircraft missiles]] at an airliner which escaped unharmed.<ref name=":6" />

On Saturday 21 September 2013, [[Westgate shopping mall attack|four Al-Shabaab militants attacked a shopping mall in Nairobi]], shooting and throwing grenades at shoppers. The civilian death toll was 61, along with six soldiers and five of the attackers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ctc.usma.edu/the-nairobi-attack-and-al-shababs-media-strategy/|title=The Nairobi Attack and Al-Shabab's Media Strategy|date=24 October 2013|website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2019|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923063727/https://ctc.usma.edu/the-nairobi-attack-and-al-shababs-media-strategy/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2015, 147 people were killed by Al-Shabaab militants during the [[Garissa University College attack]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32169080|title=Kenya university attack kills 147|date=3 April 2015|access-date=18 March 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref>

After Al-Shabaab abducted foreign aid workers and tourists in Kenya, Kenyan troops were sent to Somalia in October 2011 to pursue al-Shabab militants. In the wake of the intervention, Kenya has suffered a number of attacks carried out both by al-Shabaab militants as well as Kenyan Muslim recruited by radical clerics in [[Provinces of Kenya|North-Eastern and Coast provinces]].<ref name=":6" />