Doctor of Philosophy Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Spain === In [[Spain]], doctoral degrees are regulated by ''Real Decreto'' (Royal Decree in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]) 99/2011 from the 2014/2015 academic year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BOE.es – Documento BOE-A-2011-2541 |url=https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2011-2541 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706064604/https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2011-2541 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=www.boe.es| pages=13909–13926 }}</ref> They are granted by a university on behalf of the King, and its diploma has the force of a public document. The Ministry of Science keeps a National Registry of Theses called TESEO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teseo |url=https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/listarBusqueda.do |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218020750/https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/listarBusqueda.do |archive-date=2012-12-18 |website=educacion.gob.es}}</ref> All doctoral programs are of a research nature. The studies should include original results and can take a maximum of three years, although this period can be extended under certain circumstances to 5 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artículo 3.2 del Real Decreto 99/2011, de 28 de enero, por el que se regulan las enseñanzas oficiales de doctorado |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-2541#a3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705151959/https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-2541#a3 |archive-date=5 July 2018 |access-date=2018-07-04 |publisher=BOE.es}}</ref> The student must write their thesis presenting a new discovery or original contribution to science. If approved by her or his "thesis director (or directors)", the study will be presented to a panel of 3–5 distinguished scholars. Any doctor attending the public presentations is allowed to challenge the candidate with questions on their research. If approved, they will receive the doctorate. Four marks can be granted: Unsatisfactory, Pass, Satisfactory, and Excellent. "Cum laude" (with all honours, in Latin) denomination can be added to the Excellent ones if all five members of the tribunal agree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artículo 14 del Real Decreto 99/2011, de 28 de enero, por el que se regulan las enseñanzas oficiales de doctorado |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-2541#a14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705151959/https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-2541#a14 |archive-date=5 July 2018 |access-date=2018-07-04 |publisher=BOE.es}}</ref> The social standing of doctors in Spain was evidenced by the fact that [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]] let PhD holders to take seat and cover their heads during an act in the University of Salamanca in which the King took part so as to recognise their merits. This right to cover their heads in the presence of the King is traditionally reserved in Spain to [[Grandees]] and [[Duke]]s. The concession is remembered in solemn ceremonies held by the University by telling Doctors to take seat and cover their heads as a reminder of that royal leave.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raíces de las normas y tradiciones del protocolo y ceremonial universitario actual: las universidades del Antiguo Régimen y los actos de colación. Protocolo y Etiqueta | date=26 October 2007 |url=http://www.protocolo.org/gest_web/proto_Seccion.pl?rfID=459&arefid=2871&pag=8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304102729/http://www.protocolo.org/gest_web/proto_Seccion.pl?rfID=459&arefid=2871&pag=8 |archive-date=4 March 2008 |access-date=2010-04-28 |publisher=Protocolo.org |language=es}}</ref> All Doctor Degree holders are reciprocally recognized as equivalent in Germany and Spain ("Bonn Agreement of November 14, 1994").<ref>{{Cite web |date=1995-05-24 |title=Boletín Oficial del Estado. Texto del Documento |pages=15188–15189 |url=http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1995-12243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126143419/http://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1995-12243 |archive-date=26 January 2016 |access-date=2015-11-11 |publisher=Boe.es}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page