Tuberculosis

== Other animals ==

Mycobacteria infect many different animals, including birds,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shivaprasad HL, Palmieri C | title = Pathology of mycobacteriosis in birds | journal = The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–55, v–vi | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22244112 | doi = 10.1016/j.cvex.2011.11.004 }}</ref> fish, rodents,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Reavill DR, Schmidt RE | title = Mycobacterial lesions in fish, amphibians, reptiles, rodents, lagomorphs, and ferrets with reference to animal models | journal = The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 25–40, v | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22244111 | doi = 10.1016/j.cvex.2011.10.001 }}</ref> and reptiles.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mitchell MA | title = Mycobacterial infections in reptiles | journal = The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 101–11, vii | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22244116 | doi = 10.1016/j.cvex.2011.10.002 }}</ref> The subspecies ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'', though, is rarely present in wild animals.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Wobeser GA |title=Essentials of disease in wild animals|year=2006|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|location=Ames, IO [u.a.]|isbn=978-0-8138-0589-4|page=170|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgyS6fxVasYC&pg=PA170|edition=1st|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906172856/https://books.google.com/books?id=JgyS6fxVasYC&pg=PA170|archive-date=6 September 2015}}</ref> An effort to eradicate bovine tuberculosis caused by ''[[Mycobacterium bovis]]'' from the cattle and deer herds of [[New Zealand]] has been relatively successful.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ryan TJ, Livingstone PG, Ramsey DS, de Lisle GW, Nugent G, Collins DM, Buddle BM | display-authors = 6 | title = Advances in understanding disease epidemiology and implications for control and eradication of tuberculosis in livestock: the experience from New Zealand | journal = Veterinary Microbiology | volume = 112 | issue = 2–4 | pages = 211–19 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 16330161 | doi = 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.025 }}</ref> Efforts in Great Britain have been less successful.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = White PC, Böhm M, Marion G, Hutchings MR | title = Control of bovine tuberculosis in British livestock: there is no 'silver bullet' | journal = Trends in Microbiology | volume = 16 | issue = 9 | pages = 420–7 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18706814 | doi = 10.1016/j.tim.2008.06.005 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.566.5547 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ward AI, Judge J, Delahay RJ | title = Farm husbandry and badger behaviour: opportunities to manage badger to cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis? | journal = Preventive Veterinary Medicine | volume = 93 | issue = 1 | pages = 2–10 | date = January 2010 | pmid = 19846226 | doi = 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.09.014 }}</ref>

{{As of|2015}}, tuberculosis appears to be widespread among captive [[elephant]]s in the US. It is believed that the animals originally acquired the disease from humans, a process called [[reverse zoonosis]]. Because the disease can spread through the air to infect both humans and other animals, it is a public health concern affecting [[circus]]es and [[zoo]]s.<ref name="Holt">{{cite web | vauthors = Holt N |title=The Infected Elephant in the Room |url= http://www.slate.com/blogs/wild_things/2015/03/24/elephant_tuberculosis_epidemic_zoo_and_circus_animals_passing_tb_to_humans.html|website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|access-date=5 April 2016|date=24 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414151050/http://www.slate.com/blogs/wild_things/2015/03/24/elephant_tuberculosis_epidemic_zoo_and_circus_animals_passing_tb_to_humans.html|archive-date=14 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mikota">{{cite web| vauthors = Mikota SK |title=A Brief History of TB in Elephants |url= https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/elephant/A%20Brief%20History%20of%20TB%20in%20Elephants.pdf|publisher=[[Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]] (APHIS)|access-date=5 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006125349/https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/elephant/A%20Brief%20History%20of%20TB%20in%20Elephants.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2016}}</ref>
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