Pennsylvania

==Culture==
{{See also|Culture of Allentown, Pennsylvania|Culture of Philadelphia|Culture of Pittsburgh|LGBT culture in Philadelphia|List of museums in Pennsylvania|Music of Pennsylvania}}

===Food===
[[File:Philly041907-002-PatsKingofSteaks.jpg|thumb|[[Pat's King of Steaks]] in [[South Philadelphia]] is widely credited with inventing the [[cheesesteak]] in 1933<ref name="Harry's Obit">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/22/us/22olivieri.html?_r=1&oref=slogin|title=''New York Times'', "Harry Olivieri, 90, Co-Inventor of Cheese Steak in Philadelphia, Dies" July 22, 2006 retrieved July 25, 2006 | work=The New York Times | date=July 22, 2006 | access-date=May 21, 2010}}</ref>]]
[[File:Hershey Pennsylvania 1976.jpg|thumb|[[The Hershey Company]] in [[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey]]]]
In 2008, author Sharon Hernes Silverman wrote in the ''[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]'' that Pennsylvania was the [[snack food]] capital of the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_546927.html |title=Pa. knack for snacks a Farm Show feature—Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |publisher=Pittsburghlive.com |date=January 11, 2008 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108051209/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_546927.html |archive-date=November 8, 2009 }}</ref> It leads all other states in the manufacture of [[pretzel]]s and [[potato chip]]s. In 1861, as the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] was beginning, [[Sturgis Pretzel House]] in [[Lititz, Pennsylvania|Lititz]] was first to introduce the pretzel to American consumers. Two other Pennsylvania-based companies, Immergut Hand-Rolled Soft Pretzels in [[Intercourse, Pennsylvania|Intercourse]] and [[Snyder's of Hanover]] in [[Hanover, Pennsylvania|Hanover]], are leading national pretzel manufacturers. Two of the nation's three leading potato chip companies are based in Pennsylvania: [[Utz Brands]], which started making chips in Hanover in 1921, and [[Wise Foods]], which started making chips in [[Berwick, Pennsylvania|Berwick]] the same year; the third, [[Frito-Lay]] is owned by [[Plano, Texas]]-based [[PepsiCo]]. Additional Pennsylvania-based companies, including [[Herr's Snacks]] in [[Nottingham, Pennsylvania|Nottingham]], [[Martin's Potato Chips]] in [[Thomasville, Pennsylvania|Thomasville]], are popular chip manufacturers.

[[The Hershey Company]] in [[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey]] is a nearly $9 billion a year company and one of the world's leading manufacturers of [[chocolate]]; the company was founded in Hershey by [[Milton S. Hershey]] in 1894.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hsQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1978,4428241 |title=Chocolate Bunnies|website=The Southeast Missourian|agency=Associated Press|date=April 1, 1996|access-date=October 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420083939/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hsQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1978,4428241|archive-date=April 20, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ashers.com/about-asher/directions-to-asher.html |title=Directions to Asher's—About Asher's |publisher=Ashers.com |access-date=November 7, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003045117/http://www.ashers.com/about-asher/directions-to-asher.html |archive-date=October 3, 2012 }}</ref> [[Gertrude Hawk Chocolates]] in [[Dunmore, Pennsylvania|Dunmore]]. Other notable companies include [[Just Born]] in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], makers of [[Hot Tamales]], [[Mike and Ike]]s, the Easter favorite marshmallow [[Peeps]], and [[Boyer Brothers]] of [[Altoona, Pennsylvania|Altoona]], which manufacturers Mallo Cups. The pretzel company [[Auntie Anne's]] began as a market-stand in [[Downingtown, Pennsylvania|Downingtown]], and now has corporate headquarters in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Company History: Auntie Anne's Pretzels | publisher = Auntie Anne's | access-date = February 6, 2009 | url = http://www.auntieannes.com/company_history.aspx | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090123132324/http://auntieannes.com/company_history.aspx | archive-date = January 23, 2009 | url-status=dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Traditional Pennsylvania Dutch foods include chicken potpie, ham potpie, schnitz un knepp (dried apples, ham, and dumplings), [[Fasnacht (doughnut)|fasnachts]] (raised doughnuts), scrapple, pretzels, bologna, chow-chow, and [[Shoofly pie]]. [[Martin's Famous Pastry Shoppe]], headquartered in [[Chambersburg, Pennsylvania]], specializes in potato bread, another [[Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch|traditional Pennsylvania Dutch food]]. [[D.G. Yuengling & Son]], America's oldest brewery, has been brewing beer in [[Pottsville, Pennsylvania|Pottsville]] since 1829.

Among the regional foods associated with Philadelphia are [[cheesesteaks]], [[hoagies]], [[soft pretzels]], [[Italian water ice]], [[Irish potato candy]], [[scrapple]], [[Tastykake]], and [[Stromboli (food)|strombolis]]. In Pittsburgh, tomato ketchup was improved by [[H. J. Heinz Company|Henry John Heinz]] from 1876 to the early 20th century. Famous to a lesser extent than Heinz ketchup is the Pittsburgh's [[Primanti Brothers Restaurant]] sandwiches, [[pierogies]], and [[city chicken]]. In northeastern Pennsylvania, Italian heritage has popularized a variety of pizza styles. Outside of [[Scranton]], in [[Old Forge, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania|Old Forge]], there are dozens of Italian restaurants specializing in pizza made unique by thick, light crust, and American cheese. [[New York–style pizza]] is popular in [[Wilkes-Barre]]. [[Erie]] also has its share of unique foods, including Greek sauce and [[sponge candy]]. [[Sauerkraut]] along with pork and mashed potatoes is a traditional meal on New Year's Day in Pennsylvania; its tradition began with the [[Pennsylvania Dutch]] who believe the meal leads to good luck in the new year to come.

===Sports===
{{Main|Sports in Pennsylvania}}

====Professional sports====
[[File:Super Bowl 402EF3AA.jpg|thumb|The [[Philadelphia Eagles]] are presented with the [[Vince Lombardi Trophy]] after winning [[Super Bowl LII]] on February 4, 2018]]
[[File:Pittsburgh Steeler fans 15 Oct 2006.jpg|thumb|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]' fans waving the [[Terrible Towel]], a tradition that dates back to [[1975 Pittsburgh Steelers season|1975]]]]
[[File:Citizens Bank Park, May 2009.jpg|thumb|[[Citizens Bank Park]] in [[South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|South Philadelphia]], home of the [[Philadelphia Phillies]], the oldest continuous same-name, same-city franchise in American professional sports]]
[[File:Pocono Victory Lane.JPG|thumb|[[NASCAR]] racing at [[Pocono Raceway]] in [[Long Pond, Pennsylvania|Long Pond]]]]
Pennsylvania is home to eight major league professional sports teams: the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] and [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] of [[Major League Baseball]], the [[Philadelphia 76ers]] of the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] and [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] of the [[National Football League|NFL]], the [[Philadelphia Flyers]] and [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] of the [[National Hockey League|NHL]], and the [[Philadelphia Union]] of [[Major League Soccer]]. Among them, these teams have accumulated seven{{nbsp}}[[World Series]] championships (with the Pirates winning five and Phillies winning two), 16 [[National League (baseball)|National League]] pennants (with the Pirates winning nine and Phillies winning seven), three pre-[[Super Bowl]] era NFL championships (all won by the Eagles), seven [[Super Bowl]] championships (with the Steelers winning six and the Eagles one), two NBA championships (both won by the 76ers), and seven [[Stanley Cup]] championships (with the Penguins winning five and Flyers winning two).

With [[Sports in Philadelphia|five professional sports teams]] and some of the most passionate sports fans in the nation, [[Philadelphia]] is often described as the nation's best sports city.<ref>[https://stanforddaily.com/2018/04/26/ziperski-philly-the-best-sports-city-in-america/ "Philly: the best sports city in America"], ''The Stanford Daily'', April 26, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.phillyvoice.com/jj-redick-sixers-76ers-philly-sports-town-nba-summer-league/ "JJ Redick calls Philly 'the greatest sports town in America"], Philly Voice, July 13, 2022</ref>

In addition to its two Major League Baseball franchises, Pennsylvania is home to two [[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A]]-level teams, the highest level of [[Minor League Baseball]] play. The [[Lehigh Valley IronPigs]], affiliated with the Philadelphia Phillies, are based in [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], where they play at [[Coca-Cola Park]]. The [[Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders]], affiliated with the [[New York Yankees]], are based in [[Moosic, Pennsylvania|Moosic]], where they play at [[PNC Field]].

Pennsylvania is home to four [[Double-A (baseball)|Double-A level baseball]] teams: the [[Altoona Curve]], [[Erie SeaWolves]], [[Harrisburg Senators]], and [[Reading Fightin Phils]]. Pennsylvania has two [[collegiate summer baseball]] teams affiliated with the [[MLB Draft League]]: the [[State College Spikes]] and [[Williamsport Crosscutters]]. In independent baseball, the state has three teams, the [[Lancaster Barnstormers]], [[Washington Wild Things]], and [[York Revolution]].

In addition to its two National Hockey League teams, Pennsylvania has three [[American Hockey League]] [[ice hockey]] teams: the [[Hershey Bears]] affiliated with the [[Washington Capitals]], the [[Lehigh Valley Phantoms]] affiliated with the Philadelphia Flyers, and the [[Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins]] affiliated with the Pittsburgh Penguins. It also has an [[ECHL]]-level ice hockey team, the [[Reading Royals]], and an [[Arena Football League]] team, the [[Philadelphia Soul]]. These Pennsylvania-based developmental-level professional teams have accumulated 12 [[Triple-A National Championship Game|Triple-A]] and Double-A baseball league titles (Altoona Curve (1) Reading Fightin Phils (4), and Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Senators (6)), 3 [[ArenaBowl]] championships (Soul), and 11 [[Calder Cup]]s (Bears).

In addition to the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer, Pennsylvania has two [[United States soccer league system|lower level]] professional soccer teams: [[Philadelphia Union II]] of [[MLS Next Pro]] and the [[Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC]] of the [[USL Championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brotherlygame.com/2018/10/8/17953280/penn-fc-to-go-on-hiatus-in-2019-join-new-usl-third-division-league-in-2020|title=Penn FC to go on hiatus in 2019, join new USL third division league in 2020|publisher=Brotherly Game|first=Chris|last=Bratton|date=October 8, 2018|access-date=November 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130112950/https://www.brotherlygame.com/2018/10/8/17953280/penn-fc-to-go-on-hiatus-in-2019-join-new-usl-third-division-league-in-2020|archive-date=November 30, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since 1959, the [[Little League World Series]] has been held annually in August in [[South Williamsport, Pennsylvania|South Williamsport]] near where [[Little League Baseball]] was founded in [[Williamsport, Pennsylvania|Williamsport]].<ref name="LittleLeagueChronology">{{cite web|title=Little League Chronology |url=http://www.littleleague.org/learn/about/historyandmission/chronology.htm|website=LittleLeague.org|access-date=August 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629095428/http://www.littleleague.org/learn/about/historyandmission/chronology.htm|archive-date=June 29, 2016 }}</ref>

In professional golf, [[Arnold Palmer]], one of the 20th century's most accomplished professional golfers, comes from [[Latrobe, Pennsylvania|Latrobe]], and [[Jim Furyk]], a current [[Professional Golfers' Association of America|PGA]] player grew up near in [[Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]]. PGA tournaments in Pennsylvania include the 84 Lumber Classic played at Nemacolin Woodlands Resort in [[Farmington, Pennsylvania|Farmington]] and the Northeast Pennsylvania Classic played at Glenmaura National Golf Club in Moosi.

Philadelphia is home to [[LOVE Park]] across from [[Philadelphia City Hall|City Hall]], a popular [[skateboard]] location that hosted [[ESPN]]'s [[X Games]] in 2001 and 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://skateboard.about.com/cs/events/a/XGamesHistory_2.htm |title=X Games History—part 2 |publisher=Skateboard.about.com |date=June 17, 2010 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075533/http://skateboard.about.com/cs/events/a/XGamesHistory_2.htm |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Motorsports====
In motorsports, the [[Mario Andretti]] dynasty of race drivers hails from [[Nazareth, Pennsylvania|Nazareth]] in the [[Lehigh Valley]]. Pennsylvania racetracks include [[Jennerstown Speedway]] in [[Jennerstown, Pennsylvania|Jennerstown]], [[Lake Erie Speedway]] in [[North East, Pennsylvania|North East]], [[Lernerville Speedway]] in [[Sarver, Pennsylvania|Sarver]], and [[Pocono Raceway]] in [[Long Pond, Pennsylvania|Long Pond]], which is home to two [[NASCAR Cup Series]] races and an [[IndyCar Series]] race. The state is also home to [[Maple Grove Raceway]], near [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], which hosts major [[National Hot Rod Association]]-sanctioned drag racing events each year.

There are also two [[motocross]] race tracks that host a round of the AMA Toyota Motocross Championships in Pennsylvania. [[High Point Raceway]] is located in [[Mount Morris, Pennsylvania]], and Steel City is located in [[Delmont, Pennsylvania]].

[[Horse racing]] tracks in Pennsylvania include [[Hollywood Casino at The Meadows|The Meadows]] in [[North Strabane Township, Pennsylvania|North Strabane Township]], [[Mohegan Pennsylvania]] in Wilkes-Barre, [[Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course|Penn National]] in [[Grantville, Pennsylvania|Grantville]], [[Presque Isle Downs & Casino|Presque Isle Downs]] in [[Summit Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania|Summit Township]], and [[Parx Casino and Racing|Parx Racing]], [[Harrah's Philadelphia]] in Chester, which was the home course of [[Smarty Jones]], winner of the [[2004 Kentucky Derby]] and [[2004 Preakness Stakes]]. Harrah's Philadelphia also hosts [[harness racing]] and Presque Isle Downs also hosts [[thoroughbred racing]].

====College sports====
In [[college football]], three  Pennsylvania universities compete in [[NCAA Division I]], the highest level of sanctioned collegiate play in the sport: [[Penn State Nittany Lions football|Penn State]] in the [[Big Ten Conference]], [[Pittsburgh Panthers football|Pitt]] in the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]], and [[Temple Owls football|Temple]] in the [[American Athletic Conference]].

Over their respective college football histories, Penn State claims two [[College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS|national championships]] (1982 and 1986) and seven undefeated seasons (1887, 1912, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986, and 1994) and Pitt has won nine national championships (1915, 1916, 1918, 1929, 1931, 1934, 1936, 1937, and 1976) and had eight undefeated seasons (1904, 1910, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1937, and 1976).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://graphics.fansonly.com/photos/schools/pitt/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/06guide-pantherhistory.pdf |title=Panther History—Pitt Football 2006 |access-date=July 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525121616/http://graphics.fansonly.com/photos/schools/pitt/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/06guide-pantherhistory.pdf |archive-date=May 25, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Penn State plays its home games at [[Beaver Stadium]], a 106,572-capacity stadium that is the [[List of North American stadiums by capacity|second-largest stadium in the nation]]; the team is coached by [[James Franklin (American football coach)|James Franklin]]. Pitt plays its home games at [[Acrisure Stadium]], a 68,400-capacity stadium it shares with the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]; the team is coached by [[Pat Narduzzi]]. Over their respective histories, four additional Pennsylvania universities and colleges have won national college football championships: [[Lafayette Leopards football|Lafayette]] in [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]] (1896), [[Villanova Wildcats football|Villanova]] in [[Villanova, Pennsylvania|Villanova]] (2009), [[Penn Quakers football|Penn]] in Philadelphia (1895, 1897, 1904, and 1908),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/national_championships/nchamps_team.php |title=Recognized National Championships by Team |publisher=Cfbdatawarehouse.com |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920001615/http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/national_championships/nchamps_team.php |archive-date=September 20, 2010 }}</ref> and [[Washington & Jefferson Presidents|Washington & Jefferson]] in [[Washington, Pennsylvania|Washington]] (1921).

In [[college basketball]], five Philadelphia and [[Delaware Valley|Philadelphia-area]] universities, collectively known as the [[Philadelphia Big 5|Big Five]], have a rich tradition in NCAA Division I basketball. National titles in college basketball have been won by [[La Salle Explorers men's basketball|La Salle]] (1954), [[Temple Owls men's basketball|Temple]] (1938), [[Penn Quakers men's basketball|Penn]] (1920 and 1921), [[Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball|Pitt]] (1928 and 1930), and [[Villanova Wildcats men's basketball|Villanova]] (1985, 2016, and 2018).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rauzulusstreet.com/basketball/college/helmscollegechampionship.htm |title=Helms Foundation NCAA Division I Champions |publisher=Rauzulusstreet.com |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001213129/http://www.rauzulusstreet.com/basketball/college/helmscollegechampionship.htm |archive-date=October 1, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rauzulusstreet.com/basketball/college/collegechampionship.htm |title=NCAA Division I Mens Basketball—NCAA Division I Champions |publisher=Rauzulusstreet.com |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613000554/http://www.rauzulusstreet.com/basketball/college/collegechampionship.htm |archive-date=June 13, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pennsylvania has several universities and colleges known as national leaders in [[college wrestling]]. [[Penn State Nittany Lions wrestling|Penn State]], coached by [[Cael Sanderson]], has won ten [[NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships]] in its history, second most among all universities and colleges after [[Oklahoma State Cowboys wrestling|Oklahoma State]]. [[Lehigh Mountain Hawks|Lehigh]] in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]] has had 28 NCAA Division I individual champions over its history.