Nigeria

== Culture ==
{{main|Culture of Nigeria}}

=== Literature ===
{{main|Nigerian literature}}
[[File:Chinua Achebe, 1966 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Chinua Achebe]], winner [[Booker Prize]] 2007 and [[Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels|Peace Award of the German book trade]] 2002|upright]]
Most Nigerian literature is written in [[English language|English]], partly because this language is understood by most Nigerians. Literature in the [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], [[Hausa language|Hausa]] and [[Igbo language|Igbo]] languages (the three most populous language groups in Nigeria) does exist, however, and in the case of the Hausa, for example, can look back on a centuries-old tradition. With [[Wole Soyinka]], Nigeria can present a [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize winner for literature]]. [[Chinua Achebe]] won the prestigious [[Booker Prize]] in 2007 and [[Ben Okri]] in 1991. [[Chinua Achebe|Achebe]] also won the [[Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels|Peace Award of the German Book Trade]] in 2002. [[Lola Shoneyin]] has won several awards for her book [[The Secret Lives of Baba Segi's Wives (novel)]].

=== Music ===
{{Main|Music of Nigeria}}
The earliest known form of popular music in Nigeria was the [[palm-wine music]] which dominated the music landscape in the 1920s. [[Tunde King]] was a prominent name in the genre.<ref name="theconversation">{{cite web | url=https://theconversation.com/100-years-of-pop-music-in-nigeria-what-shaped-four-eras-181298 | title=100 years of pop music in Nigeria: What shaped four eras | date=14 July 2022 }}</ref><ref name="sunng">{{cite web |title=Nigerians and their music: A historical perspective |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/nigerians-and-their-music-a-historical-perspective/?amp |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |date=10 March 2023}}</ref>

1930s saw the emergence of Onitsha Native Orchestra. They explored various social themes and trends in their native singing style.<ref name="theconversation"/><ref name="sunng"/>

In the 1950s and 1960s, [[Highlife|Highlife music]] became a popular staple in the country with regional genres such as the [[Igbo highlife|Igbo Highlife]]. A notable exponent of the genre were the genre's first Nigerian [[boy band]] [[Oriental Brothers International]], [[Bobby Benson]], [[Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe|Osita Osadebe]], [[Victor Olaiya]], [[Rex Lawson]], [[Dr Sir Warrior]] and [[Oliver De Coque]].<ref name="theconversation"/><ref name="sunng"/>

The 1970s was the era of [[Fela Kuti]], the pioneer of afrobeat genre - fused from [[Highlife]], [[Jazz]] and [[Yoruba music|Yoruba Music]]. Fela later evolved into social activism and black consciousness.<ref name="theconversation"/><ref name="sunng"/>

In the 1980s, King Sunny Ade achieved success with [[Jùjú music|Juju Music]]. Prominent singer of the era is  [[William Onyeabor]] who is known for his fusion of  [[Funk|Funk Music]] and [[Disco]].<ref name="theconversation"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=William Onyeabor Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/william-onyeabor-mn0000683943 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=AllMusic |language=en}}</ref>

By 1990s, Reggae music transitioned into the music scene. Prominent reggae artiste of the era was [[Majek Fashek]]. By the mid-1990s, [[Hip hop music|Hip hop Music]] began to gain popularity, led by acts such as [[The Remedies|Remedies]], Trybes Men, JJC, etc. All throughout the years, [[Highlife|highlife music]] retained its popularity in the country.

At the turn of the century, famous 2000s Acts like [[P-Square]], [[2Baba|2face]], and [[D'banj|Dbanj]] were credited to have made tremendous impact in the evolution of [[Afrobeats]] and its popularization on the international stage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwafemi |first=Taiwo |date=2023-02-20 |title=2face, D'banj, P-Square - Who Was The Biggest Artiste Of Their Era? |url=https://tooxclusive.com/2face-dbanj-p-square-who-was-the-biggest-artiste-of-their-era/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=tooXclusive |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Azeez |first=Makinde |date=2018-09-08 |title=2Baba, D'banj And Psquare - Which One Of Them Is Worth Calling A Musical Legend? |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/entertainment/2baba-dbanj-and-psquare-which-one-of-them-is-worth-calling-a-musical-legend |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=Naijaloaded}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=HOPKID |date=2023-04-25 |title=PSquare Paved The Way For Afrobeat Not D'banj or 2face |url=https://naijasureguys.com.ng/psquare-paved-the-way-for-afrobeat-not-dbanj-or-2face/ |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=THE NSG |language=en-US}}</ref>

In November 2008, Nigeria's music scene (and that of Africa) received international attention when MTV hosted the continent's first African music awards show in Abuja.<ref>{{cite news|date=22 November 2008|title=AP/CNN: MTV launches first-ever African music award show|publisher=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/22/MTV.Africa.ap/index.html|access-date=26 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209102925/http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/22/MTV.Africa.ap/index.html|archive-date=9 December 2008}}</ref> over a decade later and Afro beats has widely taken over with artist like [[Davido]], [[Wizkid]] and [[Burna Boy]].

=== Cinema ===
{{Main|Cinema of Nigeria}}
{{Quote box
| quote = Top five [[List of highest-grossing Nigerian films|highest grossing Nigerian films]]:
* ''[[Omo Ghetto: The Saga]]'' (₦636 million)<ref name="Top 20 films 9th 15th April 2021 - Cinema Exhibitors Association of Nigeria">{{cite web |url=https://www.ceanigeria.com/box-office/206-top-20-films-report-9th-15th-april-2021 |title=Top 20 Films Report 9th-15th April 2021 |publisher=CEAN |location=Nigeria |access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref>
* ''[[The Wedding Party (2016 film)|The Wedding Party]]'' (₦452 million)<ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/371619-wedding-party-1-named-highest-grossing-nollywood-movie-of-the-decade.html |title='Wedding Party 1' named highest-grossing Nollywood movie of the decade |newspaper=Premium Times |date=7 January 2020 |first=Jayne |last=Augoye |access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref>
* ''[[The Wedding Party 2]]'' (₦433 million)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/wedding-party-2-destination-dubai-costs-n300m-producer/ |title='The Wedding Party 2 -Destination Dubai" costs N300m–Producer|date=31 January 2018|accessdate=3 July 2021}}</ref>
* ''[[Chief Daddy]]'' (₦387 million)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ceanigeria.com/box-office/120-top-20-films-27th-december-2019-2nd-january-2020|title=Top 20 films 27th December 2019 2nd January 2020 - Cinema Exhibitors Association of Nigeria|website=ceanigeria.com}}</ref>
* ''[[King of Thieves (2022 film)|King of Thieves]]'' (2022, ₦321 million)<ref name="Top 20 films 24th 26th June 2022 - Cinema Exhibitors Association of Nigeria">{{cite web|url=https://www.ceanigeria.com/box-office/324-top-20-films-weekend-24th-26th-june|title=Top 20 films 24th - 26th June 2022 - Cinema Exhibitors Association of Nigeria|website=ceanigeria.com}}</ref>
}}

The Nigerian film industry is known as [[Nollywood]] (a [[Blend word|blend]] of "Nigeria" and "Hollywood")<ref>{{cite news |title=Lights, camera, Africa |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/christmas-specials/2010/12/16/lights-camera-africa?story_id=17723124&CFID=153287426&CFTOKEN=59754693 |access-date=2022-11-12 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> and is now the second-largest producer of movies in the world, having surpassed Hollywood. Only India's [[Bollywood]] is larger. Nigerian [[film studios]] are based in [[Lagos]], [[Kano (city)|Kano]], and [[Enugu]], and form a major portion of the local economy of these cities. Nigerian cinema is Africa's largest movie industry in terms of both value and the number of movies produced per year. Although Nigerian films have been produced since the 1960s, the country's film industry has been aided by the rise of affordable [[Digital cinema|digital filming and editing]] technologies.
The 2009 thriller film ''[[The Figurine]]'' heightened the media attention towards the [[New Nigerian Cinema]] revolution. The film was a critical and commercial success in Nigeria, and it was also screened in international film festivals.<ref name="Thorburn, Jane2">{{cite web|author=Thorburn, Jane|title=NOLLYWOOD 2 Doing It Right|url=http://www.janethorburn.co.uk/nollywood2DoingItRight.html#pixsmall48adfc|access-date=18 February 2015}}</ref> The 2010 film ''[[Ijé]]'' by Chineze Anyaene, overtook ''The Figurine'' to become the [[List of highest-grossing films in Nigeria|highest-grossing Nigerian film]]; a record it held for four years until it was overtaken in 2014 by ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (film)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'' (2013).<ref name="The Economist2">{{cite news|date=17 July 2014|title=Nigerian films try to move upmarket: Nollywood's new scoreboard|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/baobab/2014/07/nigerian-films-try-move-upmarket|access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Akande, Victor|date=14 September 2014|title=Toronto: Nigerians disagree over new Nollywood|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/toronto-nigerians-disagree-over-new-nollywood/|access-date=24 March 2015|work=The Nation Newspaper|publisher=The Nation Online}}</ref> By 2016, this record was held by ''[[The Wedding Party (2016 film)|The Wedding Party]]'' by [[Kemi Adetiba]].

By the end of 2013, the film industry reportedly hit a record-breaking revenue of ₦1.72&nbsp;trillion (US$4.1&nbsp;billion). As of 2014, the industry was worth ₦853.9&nbsp;billion (US$5.1&nbsp;billion), making it the third most valuable film industry in the world behind the [[United States]] and [[India]]. It contributed about 1.4% to Nigeria's economy; this was attributed to the increase in the number of quality films produced and more formal distribution methods.<ref>{{cite web|author=Liston, Enjoli|date=10 April 2014|title=Hello Nollywood: how Nigeria became Africa's biggest economy overnight|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/10/nigeria-africa-biggest-economy-nollywood|access-date=12 April 2014|work=The Guardian Newspaper}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Hazlewood, Phil|date=7 April 2014|title=Nollywood helps Nigeria kick South Africa's economic butt|url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/world/2014/04/07/nollywood-helps-nigeria-kick-south-africa-s-economic-butt|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145853/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/world/2014/04/07/nollywood-helps-nigeria-kick-south-africa-s-economic-butt|archive-date=13 April 2014|access-date=12 April 2014|publisher=Sowetan Live}}</ref>

[[T.B. Joshua]]'s [[Emmanuel TV]], originating from Nigeria, is one of the most viewed television stations across Africa.<ref>{{cite news|last=Manasa|first=Makweembo|date=11 February 2010|title=TB Joshua – 21st Century Prophet in Our Midst?|work=Zambian Watchdog|url=http://www.zambianwatchdog.com/2010/02/11/tb-joshua-21st-century-prophet-in-our-midst/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710080804/http://www.zambianwatchdog.com/2010/02/11/tb-joshua-21st-century-prophet-in-our-midst/|archive-date=10 July 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Festival ===
{{Main|Festivals in Nigeria}}
[[File:Ofala Onitsha 13.jpg |thumb|right|Ofala Festival of Onitsha People]]
There are many [[festivals in Nigeria]], some of which date to the period before the arrival of the major religions in this ethnically and culturally diverse society. The main Muslim and Christian festivals are often celebrated in ways that are unique to Nigeria or unique to the people of a locality.<ref name="OnlineNigeria2">{{cite web |title=Festivals in Nigeria |url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/festivals/ |access-date=26 April 2011 |work=Online Nigeria}}</ref> The Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation has been working with the states to upgrade the traditional festivals, which may become important sources of tourism revenue.<ref name="Oxford20102">{{cite book | title=The Report: Nigeria 2010 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-14-9 |page=243 |chapter=Patchwork of Celebration |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFONkYzHco8C&pg=PA243}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
[[File:Suya with pepper sauce.jpg | thumb|right | Suya With Pepper Sauce |upright]]
[[File:AKARA.jpg | thumb|right | Akara|upright]]
[[File:Nkwobi.jpg | thumb|right | Nkwobi|upright]]
[[Nigerian cuisine]], like West African cuisine in general, is known for its richness and variety. Many different spices, herbs, and flavourings are used in conjunction with [[palm oil]] or [[Peanut|groundnut]] oil to create deeply flavoured sauces and soups often made very hot with [[chili pepper|chilli pepper]]s. Nigerian feasts are colourful and lavish, while aromatic market and roadside snacks cooked on barbecues or fried in oil are plentiful and varied. [[Suya]] is usually sold in urban areas especially during night-time.<ref>Anthonio, H.O. and Isoun, M. (1982), ''Nigerian Cookbook'', Macmillan, Lagos, {{ISBN|0-333-32698-9}}.</ref>

=== Fashion ===
{{Main|Fashion in Nigeria}}
The fashion industry in Nigeria contributes significantly to the country's economics. Casual attire is commonly worn but formal and traditional styles are also worn depending on the occasion. Nigeria is known not only for its fashionable textiles and garments, but also for its fashion designers who have increasingly gained international recognition. [[Euromonitor International|Euromonitor]] estimates the [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan]] fashion [[Market (economics)|market]] to be worth $31 billion, with Nigeria accounting for 15% of these $31 billion.<ref>{{cite web |last=None |date=2019-06-11 |title=The state of Nigeria's Fashion Industry |url=https://www.stearsng.com/article/the-state-of-nigerias-fashion-industry/ |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=stearsng.com}}</ref> Nigeria is not only known for their many fashion textiles and garment pieces that are secret to their culture. They also outputted many fashion designers who have developed many techniques and businesses along the way.

=== Sports ===
{{Main|Sports in Nigeria}}
[[File:NIG-ARG_(2).jpg|thumb|[[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]]]]

[[Association football|Football]] is largely considered Nigeria's national sport, and the country has its own [[Nigeria Professional Football League|Premier League]] of football. [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria's national football team]], known as the "Super Eagles", has played in the [[FIFA World Cup]] on six occasions ([[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994]], [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]], [[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002]], [[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010]], [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]], and [[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]]). In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked fifth in the [[FIFA World Rankings]], the highest-ranking achieved by an African team. They won the [[Africa Cup of Nations]] in [[1980 African Cup of Nations|1980]], [[1994 African Cup of Nations|1994]], and [[2013 Africa Cup of Nations|2013]], and have also hosted both the U17 and U20 FIFA World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the [[1996 Summer Olympics]] (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic football.

Nigeria is also involved in other sports such as basketball, cricket and track and field.<ref>{{cite web|year=2011|title=Nigerian Basketball|url=http://www.africabasket.com/Nigeria/basketball.asp|access-date=7 June 2011|publisher=Africabasket.com|archive-date=26 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826193254/http://www.africabasket.com/Nigeria/basketball.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Nigeria men's national basketball team|Nigeria's national basketball team]] made the headlines internationally when it became the first African team to beat the [[United States men's national basketball team|United States men's national team]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first1=Nick |last1=Selbe |title= Nigeria Upsets Team USA in Pre-Olympics Exhibition|url=https://www.si.com/olympics/2021/07/11/team-usa-upset-nigeria-tokyo-games-mens-basketball-exhibition-olympics|accessdate=28 August 2021 |magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]] |date=10 July 2021}}</ref> In earlier years, Nigeria qualified for the [[Basketball at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Summer Olympics]] as it beat heavily favoured world elite teams such as [[Greece men's national basketball team|Greece]] and [[Lithuania men's national basketball team|Lithuania]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120710072346/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/news/lateNews/p/newsid/52642/arti.html OQTM – Nigeria celebrates 'greatest' victory], fiba.com, accessed 16 December 2012.</ref> Nigeria has been home to numerous internationally recognised basketball players in the world's top leagues in America, Europe and Asia. These players include [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Basketball Hall of Famer]] [[Hakeem Olajuwon]], and later players in the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]. The [[Nigerian Premier League (basketball)|Nigerian Premier League]] has become one of the biggest and most-watched basketball competitions in Africa. The games have aired on ''Kwese TV'' and have averaged a viewership of over a million people.<ref>{{cite news |first=Lee |last=Nxumalo |title=Basketball's next frontier is Africa |url=https://www.newframe.com/basketballs-next-frontier-is-africa/ |work=New Frame |date=20 December 2020 |access-date=11 January 2021 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116062357/https://www.newframe.com/basketballs-next-frontier-is-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Nigeria made history by qualifying the first [[bobsled]] team for the [[Winter Olympics]] from Africa when their women's two-person team qualified for [[Bobsleigh at the 2018 Winter Olympics|the bobsled competition at the XXIII Olympic Winter Games]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Udoh |first=Colin |title=Nigeria bobsled women qualify for Winter Olympics |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/espn/story/_/id/21430137/nigeria-bobsled-women-qualify-winter-olympics |publisher=ESPN |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=29 January 2018}}</ref> In the early 1990s, [[Scrabble]] was made an official sport in Nigeria; by the end of 2017, there were around 4,000 players in more than 100 clubs in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Nigeria produces Scrabble champions |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2017/11/30/why-nigeria-produces-scrabble-champions?zid=319&ah=17af09b0281b01505c226b1e574f5cc1 |newspaper=The Economist |date=30 November 2017 |access-date=30 November 2017}}</ref> In 2018, the Nigerian Curling Federation was established to introduce a new sport to the country with the hope of getting the game to be a part of the curriculum at the elementary, high school, and university levels respectively. At the [[2019 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship]] in Norway, Nigeria won their first international match beating France 8–5.<ref>{{cite web |title=First African curling facility begins development in Nigeria |url=https://worldcurling.org/2020/06/nigeria-rink/ |publisher=[[World Curling Federation]] |date=18 June 2020 |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607182418/https://worldcurling.org/2020/06/nigeria-rink/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Nigeria's women's and men's national teams in [[beach volleyball]] competed at the [[2018–2020 CAVB Beach Volleyball Continental Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Continental Cup Finals start in Africa |url=https://www.fivb.com/en/about/news/continental-cup-finals-start-in-africa?id=94414 |publisher=[[FIVB]] |date=22 June 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> The country's U21 national teams qualified for the 2019 [[FIVB Beach Volleyball U21 World Championships]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Beach Volleyball: Team Nigeria lands in Cape Verde|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/beach-volleyball-team-nigeria-lands-in-cape-verde/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)]] |date=25 February 2019}}</ref>

Nigeria is the birthplace of the sport [[loofball]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About Loofball |url=https://www.topendsports.com/sport/new/loofball.htm |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=topendsports.com}}</ref>