Central Park

==Impact==
=== Cultural significance ===
[[File:3015-Central Park-Sheep Meadow.JPG|thumb|upright=1|alt=People seated or reclining on the large grass area known as Sheep Meadow|[[Sheep Meadow]], a common place for gatherings]]
{{for|a list of films, TV shows, and other media where Central Park has appeared|Central Park in popular culture}}
Central Park's size and cultural position has served as a model for many urban parks.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sisson|first=Patrick|title=10 parks that changed America: From Savannah to the High Line, the country's influential public spaces|publisher=Curbed|date=April 12, 2016|url=https://www.curbed.com/2016/4/12/11414420/10-parks-that-changed-america-pbs|access-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419153254/https://www.curbed.com/2016/4/12/11414420/10-parks-that-changed-america-pbs|archive-date=April 19, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=10 Parks That Changed America|publisher=[[PBS]]|date=April 19, 2019|url=http://www.pbs.org/ten-that-changed-america/season-1/episode-3/|access-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419153249/http://www.pbs.org/ten-that-changed-america/season-1/episode-3/|archive-date=April 19, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Olmsted believed [[landscape design]] was a way to improve the feeling of community and had intended the park as the antithesis of the stresses of the city's daily life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/09/better-than-nature/492716/|title=When Parks Were Radical|last=Rich|first=Nathaniel|date=August 5, 2016|work=[[The Atlantic]]|access-date=March 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319174608/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/09/better-than-nature/492716/|archive-date=March 19, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Greensward Plan, radical at the time of its construction, led to widespread changes in park designs and urban planning; in particular, parks were designed to incorporate landscapes whose elements were related to each other.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Andrew|first=Menard|title=The Enlarged Freedom of Frederick Law Olmsted|journal=[[New England Quarterly]]|date=2010|volume=83|number=3|pages=519–520|jstor=20752715|doi=10.1162/TNEQ_a_00039|s2cid=57567923}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Eugene P.|last=Moehring|title=Frederick Law Olmsted and the Central Park 'Revolution'|journal=Halcyon: A Journal of the Humanities|date=1985|volume=7|number=1|pages=59–75}}</ref>

A New York City icon, Central Park is the most filmed location in the world.<ref name="Pereira 2017"/> A December 2017 report found that [[Central Park in popular culture|231&nbsp;movies]] had used it for on-location shoots, more than the 160&nbsp;movies that had filmed in [[Greenwich Village]] or the 99&nbsp;movies that had filmed in [[Times Square]].<ref name="Pereira 2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.amny.com/news/central-park-most-filmed-1.15405440|title=Central Park is a film superstar|last=Pereira|first=Ivan|date=December 10, 2017|work=AM New York|access-date=December 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211032639/https://www.amny.com/news/central-park-most-filmed-1.15405440|archive-date=December 11, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/film-tv-locations-mostused-top-20-central-park-new-york-city-a8214281.html |title=These are the most-used film locations around the world|last=Petter|first=Olivia|date=February 16, 2018|work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=April 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420131750/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/film-tv-locations-mostused-top-20-central-park-new-york-city-a8214281.html|archive-date=April 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Some of the movies filmed at Central Park, such as the 1993 film ''[[The Age of Innocence (1993 film)|The Age of Innocence]]'', reflect ideals of the past. Other films, including ''[[The Fisher King]]'' (1991), ''[[Marathon Man (film)|Marathon Man]]'' (1976), ''[[The Out-of-Towners (1970 film)|The Out of Towners]]'' (1970), and ''[[Home Alone 2: Lost in New York]]'' (1992), use the park for dramatic conflict scenes. Central Park has been used in romance films such as ''[[Maid in Manhattan]]'' (2002), ''[[13&nbsp;Going on&nbsp;30]]'' (2004) or ''[[Hitch (film)|Hitch]]'' (2005), and fantasy live-action/animated films such as ''[[Enchanted (film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/history/movies|title=Cinematic Parks|publisher=New York City Department of Parks and Recreation|access-date=May 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502160056/https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/history/movies|archive-date=May 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, an estimated 4,000 days of film shoots were hosted, or an average of more than ten film shoots per day, accounting for $135.5&nbsp;million in city revenue.<ref name="Crain's New York Business 2009"/>

Because of its cultural and historical significance, Central Park has been a [[National Historic Landmark]] since 1962,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=388&ResourceType=District|title=Central Park|date=September 10, 2007|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013053342/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=388&resourceType=District |archive-date=October 13, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url={{NHLS url|id=66000538}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory|date=August 14, 1975|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url={{NHLS url|id=66000538|photos=y}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory|date=August 14, 1975|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> and a [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|New York City designated scenic landmark]] since 1974.{{sfn|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1974|p=1 (PDF p. 2)}} It was placed on [[UNESCO]]'s list of tentative [[World Heritage Site]]s in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Park|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|date=October 11, 2017|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6234/|access-date=June 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610225037/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6234/|archive-date=June 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Real estate and economy ===
[[File:Lower Central Park Shot 5.JPG|thumb|upright=1|alt=A view of skyscrapers from the Pond, at the southern border of Central Park|Skyscrapers at the southern border of Central Park]]
The value of the surrounding land started rising significantly in the mid-1860s during the park's construction.{{sfn|Kinkead|1990|pp=225–226}}{{sfn|Rosenzweig|Blackmar|1992|pp=268–269}} The completion of Central Park immediately increased the surrounding area's real estate prices, in some cases by up to 700&nbsp;percent between 1858 and 1870.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Beard|first=Charles A|date=May 1926|title=Some Aspects of Regional Planning|journal=[[American Political Science Review]]|volume=20|issue=2|pages=273–283|doi=10.2307/1945139|issn=0003-0554|jstor=1945139|s2cid=147458194 }}</ref>{{sfn|Rosenzweig|Blackmar|1992|pp=85–87}} It also resulted in the creation of the [[zoning]] plan in Upper Manhattan.{{sfn|Rosenzweig|Blackmar|1992|p=88}} Upscale districts grew on both sides of Central Park following its completion.{{sfn|Rosenzweig|Blackmar|1992|pp=291–293}} On the Upper East Side, a portion of Fifth Avenue abutting lower Central Park became known as "Millionaires' Row" by the 1890s, due to the concentration of wealthy families in the area.{{sfn|Rosenzweig|Blackmar|1992|pp=291–293}}{{sfn|Crain|2016|p=80}} The Upper West Side took longer to develop, but row houses and luxury apartment buildings came to predominate the neighborhood, and some were later included in the [[Central Park West Historic District]].{{sfn|Rosenzweig|Blackmar|1992|pp=291–293}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/1990UpperWestSideCentralParkHDVol1.pdf |title=Upper West Side/Central Park West Historic District Designation Report|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|year=1990|editor-last=Pearson|editor-first=Marjorie|volume=I: Essays, Architects' Appendix|pages=10–11|editor-last2=Urbanelli|editor-first2=Elisa|access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311035636/http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/1990UpperWestSideCentralParkHDVol1.pdf |archive-date=March 11, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Though most of the city's rich formerly lived in mansions, they moved into apartments close to Central Park during the late 19th&nbsp;and early 20th&nbsp;centuries.{{sfn|Rosenzweig|Blackmar|1992|pp=376–377, 379}}

During the late 20th&nbsp;century, until Central Park's restoration in the 1990s, proximity to the park did not have a significant positive effect on real estate values. Following Central Park's restoration, some of the city's most expensive properties have been sold or rented near the park.<ref name="Sheftell 2010">{{cite web|last=Sheftell|first=Jason|title=Central Park: The world's greatest real estate engine|work=New York Daily News|date=June 3, 2010|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/central-park-world-greatest-real-estate-engine-article-1.178103|access-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419155805/https://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/central-park-world-greatest-real-estate-engine-article-1.178103|archive-date=April 19, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The value of the land in Central Park was estimated to be about $528.8&nbsp;billion in December 2005, though this was based on the park's impact on the average value of nearby land.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/reasonstoloveny/15362/|title=Central Park: Because We Wouldn't Trade a Patch of Grass for $528,783,552,000|last=Robledo|first=S.Jhoanna|date=December 15, 2005|work=New York Magazine|access-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329201514/http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/reasonstoloveny/15362/|archive-date=March 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the modern day, it is estimated that Central Park has resulted in billions of dollars in economic impact. A 2009 study found that the city received annual tax revenue of more than $656&nbsp;million, visitors spent more than $395&nbsp;million due to the park, in-park businesses such as concessions generated {{nowrap|$135.5 million}}, and the 4,000 hours of annual film shoots and other photography generated {{nowrap|$135.6 million}} of economic output.<ref name="Crain's New York Business 2009">{{cite web|title=Measuring Central Park perks|work=Crain's New York Business|date=May 29, 2009|url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20090531/SUB/305319976/measuring-central-park-perks|access-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419155815/https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20090531/SUB/305319976/measuring-central-park-perks|archive-date=April 19, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, about 550,000 people lived within a ten-minute walk (about {{convert|0.5|mi|km|disp=or|sp=us}}) of the park's boundaries, and 1.15&nbsp;million more people could get to the park within a half-hour subway ride.<ref name="Sheftell 2010"/>