Catholic Church

=== Death penalty and euthanasia ===
{{Main|Catholic Church and capital punishment}}
The Catholic Church is committed to the worldwide abolition of the death penalty in any circumstance.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Brockhaus |first=Hannah |date=2 August 2018 |title=Vatican changes Catechism teaching on death penalty, calls it 'inadmissible' |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/vatican-changes-catechism-teaching-on-death-penalty-calls-it-inadmissible-28541 |access-date=2 August 2018 |website=[[Catholic News Agency]]}}</ref> The current ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]'' teaches that "in the light of the [[Gospel]]" the death penalty is "inadmissible because it is an attack on the inviolability and [[Human dignity|dignity of the person]]" and that the Catholic Church "works with determination for its abolition worldwide."<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last=Harlan |first=Chico |date=2 August 2018 |title=Pope Francis changes Catholic Church teaching to say death penalty is 'inadmissible' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/pope-francis-changes-catholic-church-teaching-to-say-death-penalty-is-inadmissible/2018/08/02/0d69ef5e-9647-11e8-80e1-00e80e1fdf43_story.html |access-date=2 August 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> In his 2020 encyclical ''[[Fratelli tutti]]'', Francis repeated that the death penalty is "inadmissible" and that "there can be no stepping back from this position".<ref name=":112">{{Cite web |last=Pentin |first=Edward |date=4 October 2020 |title=Pope's New Encyclical 'Fratelli Tutti' Outlines Vision for a Better World |url=https://www.ncregister.com/news/pope-s-new-encyclical-fratelli-tutti-outlines-vision-for-a-better-world |access-date=6 October 2020 |website=[[National Catholic Register]] |language=en}}</ref> On 9 January 2022, Pope Francis stated in his annual speech to Vatican ambassadors: "The death penalty cannot be employed for a purported state justice, since it does not constitute a deterrent nor render justice to victims, but only fuels the thirst for vengeance".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pullella |first=Philip |date=9 January 2023 |title=Pope condemns Iran's use of death penalty against protesters |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pope-says-wars-like-that-ukraine-are-crime-against-god-humanity-2023-01-09/ |access-date=13 January 2023}}</ref>

There is controversy about whether the Catholic Church considers the death penalty intrinsically evil.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Trabbic |first=Joseph G. |date=16 August 2018 |title=Capital punishment: Intrinsically evil or morally permissible? |url=https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2018/08/16/capital-punishment-intrinsically-evil-or-morally-permissible/ |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=[[Catholic World Report]] |language=en-US |quote=The revision of no. 2267 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church recently authorized by Pope Francis to develop magisterial teaching on the death penalty has generated a variety of conflicting interpretations. These interpretations could be divided up in different ways. One division might note that some interpretations claim—or strongly imply—that the revision teaches that the death penalty is intrinsically evil, whereas others claim that it continues to teach, in line with past magisterial declarations, that the death penalty is morally permissible in certain circumstances.}}</ref> American Archbishop [[José Horacio Gómez]]<ref name=":1" /> and Catholic philosopher [[Edward Feser]] argue that this is a matter of prudential judgement and that the church does not teach this as a ''de fide'' statement;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feser |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Feser |date=3 August 2018 |title=Pope Francis and Capital Punishment |url=https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2018/08/pope-francis-and-capital-punishment |access-date=26 February 2023 |website=First Things |language=en}}</ref> others, such as Cardinals [[Charles Maung Bo]] and [[Rino Fisichella]], state that it does.<ref name=":1" />

The Catholic Church opposes active euthanasia and [[Assisted suicide|physician-assisted suicide]] on the grounds that life is a gift from God and should not be prematurely shortened. However, the church allows dying people to refuse [[Dysthanasia|extraordinary treatments]] that would minimally prolong life without hope of recovery.<ref name="Dowbiggin98">{{Harvnb|Dowbiggin|2003|p=98}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 November 2013 |title=Religious Groups' Views on End-of-Life Issues |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2013/11/21/religious-groups-views-on-end-of-life-issues/ |access-date=7 August 2022 |website=Pew Research Center |quote=}}</ref>
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