Massachusetts

==Health==

{{See also|List of hospitals in Massachusetts|Massachusetts health care reform|Governorship of Mitt Romney#Health care}}
[[File:Healthcare Costs in Massachusetts - Averaged by Medicare Reimbursements per Enrollee.png|thumb|Map showing the average medicare reimbursement per enrollee for the counties in Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web |title={{!}} About Us |url=https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/about-us |website=County Health Rankings & Roadmaps |access-date=October 27, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>]]

Massachusetts generally ranks highly among states in most health and disease prevention categories. In 2015, the [[UnitedHealth Group|United Health Foundation]] ranked the state as third-healthiest overall.<ref>{{cite news |title=2015 Annual Report |url=https://www.americashealthrankings.org/learn/reports/2015-annual-report |newspaper=[[America's Health Rankings]] |access-date=February 8, 2018}}</ref> Massachusetts has the most doctors per 100,000 residents (435.38),<ref>{{cite web |last1=The National Center for Biotechnology Information |title=Number of physicians in patient care per 100,000 resident population, by state: United States, 2018 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK569310/table/ch2.tab16/?report=objectonly |website=Chartbook - Health, United States, 2019 |publisher=United States National Library of Medicine |access-date=June 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619205147/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK569310/table/ch2.tab16/?report=objectonly |archive-date=June 19, 2022 |location=National Institutes of Health |format=Web page |year=2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Doctors per 100,000 Resident Population, 2007 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=October 24, 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/ranks/rank18.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016214542/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/ranks/rank18.html |archive-date=October 16, 2010 }}</ref> the second-lowest [[infant mortality rate]] (3.8),<ref>{{cite web |last1=National Center for Health Statistics |title=Massachusetts |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/states/massachusetts/ma.htm |website=Key Health Indicators |publisher=CDC |access-date=June 19, 2022 |date=February 16, 2022 |quote=All 2020 data are final. 2020 birth data come from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) via CDC WONDER; 2020 death data, including leading causes of death, firearm mortality, homicide, drug overdose mortality, and infant mortality, come from the NVSS via CDC WONDER and rankings and rates are based on 2020 age-adjusted death rates. For more information on age-adjustment, refer to this reportpdf icon. Where ranked, states are categorized from highest rate to lowest rate. Although adjusted for variations in age-distribution and population size, differences by state do not take into account other state specific population characteristics that may affect the level of the birth characteristic or mortality. When the number of deaths or births events is small, differences by state may be unreliable due to instability in rates. When the number of deaths is small, rankings by state may be unreliable due to instability in death rates.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Infant Mortality Rate, 2006 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=October 24, 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/ranks/rank17.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016214511/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/ranks/rank17.html |archive-date=October 16, 2010 }}</ref> and the lowest percentage of uninsured residents (children as well as the total population).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaiser Family Foundation |title=Health Insurance Coverage of Children 0-18, 2019 |url=https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/children-0-18/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Uninsured%22,%22sort%22:%22desc%22%7D |website=kff.org |access-date=June 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509101229/https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/children-0-18/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Uninsured%22,%22sort%22:%22desc%22%7D |archive-date=May 9, 2017 |location=San Francisco |year=2022 |quote=For more current data using the Current Population Survey, see Health Insurance Coverage of Children 0-18 (CPS). The majority of KFF health coverage topics are based on analysis of the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) by KFF. 2008-2019 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates includes a 1% sample of the US population and allows for precise state-level estimates. The ACS asks respondents about their health insurance coverage at the time of the survey. Respondents may report having more than one type of coverage; however, individuals are sorted into only one category of insurance coverage. See definitions on web page for more detail on coverage type.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaiser Family Foundation |title=Health Insurance Coverage of the Total Population (CPS) |url=https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/health-insurance-coverage-of-the-total-population-cps/?currentTimeframe=0&selectedDistributions=uninsured&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Uninsured%22,%22sort%22:%22desc%22%7D |website=kff.org |date=September 21, 2021 |access-date=June 19, 2022 |location=San Francisco |quote=For 2020, the majority of KFF health coverage topics are based on analysis of the Census Bureau's March Supplement to the Current Population Survey (the CPS Annual Social and Economic Supplement or ASEC). Previously, KFF source for these data was the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS); however, release of the ACS data has been delayed due to the coronavirus pandemic. Although health coverage and population estimates using ACS are still available for 2008-2019, the 2020 data from CPS cannot be compared to prior year estimates from ACS. Due to known data quality issues with the 2019 CPS ASEC data, which was collected in March 2020 just at the onset of the pandemic and experienced low response rates, KFF have chosen not to report the 2019 data. KFF provide trend data for 2016, 2018, and 2020 using the CPS.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Persons With and Without Health Insurance Coverage by State: 2007 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=October 24, 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0150.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016120337/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s0150.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2010 }}</ref> According to ''[[Business Insider]]'', commonwealth residents have an average life expectancy of 80.41 years, the [[List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy|fifth-longest]] in the country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schoenberg |first1=Shira |title=Why do the rich live longer in Massachusetts? Data on life expectancy show gaps along income, racial lines |url=https://www.masslive.com/news/2018/12/why-do-the-rich-live-longer-in-massachusetts-data-on-life-expectancy-show-gaps-along-income-racial-lines.html |access-date=June 19, 2022 |work=masslive.com |publisher=Advance Local Media |date=December 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218172433/https://www.masslive.com/news/2018/12/why-do-the-rich-live-longer-in-massachusetts-data-on-life-expectancy-show-gaps-along-income-racial-lines.html |archive-date=December 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/us-states-with-the-highest-and-lowest-life-expectancy-2017-5|title=Here's how your life expectancy varies based on which state you're born in|work=Business Insider|access-date=December 10, 2017}}</ref> 36.1% of the population is overweight and 24.4% is obese,<ref name=CDC1>{{cite web |last1=National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health |title=BRFSS Prevalence & Trends Data |url=https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/brfssprevalence/. |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=June 19, 2022 |location=Atlanta |format=Online |year=2015 |quote=2020 Weight classification by Body Mass Index (BMI) (variable calculated from one or more BRFSS questions) (Crude Prevalence)}}</ref> and Massachusetts ranks sixth-highest in the percentage of residents who are considered neither obese nor overweight (39.5%).<ref name=CDC1/> Massachusetts also ranks above average in the prevalence of [[binge drinking]], which is the 20th-highest in the country.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kanny |first1=Dafna |title=Annual total binge drinks consumed by US adults, 2015 |journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine | last2 = Naimi | first2 = Timothy S. | last3 =Liu | first3 =Yong|last4 =Lu | first4 = Hua | last5 = Brewer | first5 = Robert D. |date=April 2018 |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=486–496 |doi=10.1016/j.amepre.2017.12.021 |pmid=29555021 |location=PubMedCentral |pmc=6075714}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Booziest states in America: Who binge drinks most? |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/booziest-states-in-america-who-binge-drinks-most/7/ |publisher=[[CBS News]] |access-date=June 18, 2022}}</ref>

The nation's first [[Marine Hospital Service|Marine Hospital]] was erected by federal order in Boston in 1799.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The United States Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service |journal=Journal of the American Medical Association |date=July 30, 1904 |volume=43 |issue=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FlXlAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA326 |access-date=February 20, 2011|doi=10.1001/jama.1904.92500050002|page=326}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Marine Hospital |url=http://www.olgp.net/chs/hospital/marine.htm |publisher=Chelsea Historical Society |access-date=February 20, 2011 |archive-date=November 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126111433/http://olgp.net/chs/hospital/marine.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are currently a total of 143 hospitals in the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts Hospitals: Directory |url=https://www.mhalink.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Hospital_Directory |publisher=Massachusetts Hospital Association |access-date=May 7, 2015}}</ref> According to 2015 rankings by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', [[Massachusetts General Hospital]] is ranked in the top three in two health care specialties.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. News Best Hospitals 2014–15 |url=http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/rankings |website=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=June 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301113005/http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/rankings |archive-date=March 1, 2012 }}</ref> Massachusetts General Hospital was founded in 1811 and serves as the largest teaching hospital for nearby [[Harvard University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hospital Overview |publisher=[[Massachusetts General Hospital]] |access-date=October 24, 2010 |url=http://www.massgeneral.org/about/overview.aspx}}</ref>

The state of Massachusetts is a center for medical education and research including Harvard affiliates [[Brigham and Women's Hospital]], [[Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center]], and [[Dana–Farber Cancer Institute]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts and Figures: 2009–2010 |publisher=[[Harvard Medical School]] |access-date=October 25, 2010 |url=http://hms.harvard.edu/hms/facts.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305172041/http://hms.harvard.edu/hms/facts.asp |archive-date=March 5, 2012 }}</ref> as well as the [[New England Baptist Hospital]], [[Tufts Medical Center]], and [[Boston Medical Center]] which is the primary teaching hospital for [[Boston University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us |publisher=[[Boston University School of Medicine]] |access-date=October 25, 2010 |url=http://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/BUSM-About.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414101335/http://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/BUSM-About.html |archive-date=April 14, 2010 }}</ref> The [[University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School]] is located in [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]].<ref>{{cite web |title= UMass Chan Medical School partners with Studio Theatre Worcester for 'Next To Normal' |last1 = Lemmon | first1 = Olivia | location = Worcester | website = Spectrum News 1 |access-date= June 18, 2022|archive-date = June 19, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220619000024/https://spectrumnews1.com/ma/worcester/news/2022/06/16/umass-chan-partnering-with-studio-theatre-worcester |url= https://spectrumnews1.com/ma/worcester/news/2022/06/16/umass-chan-partnering-with-studio-theatre-worcester}}</ref> The [[Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences]] has two of its three campuses in Boston and Worcester.<ref>{{cite web |title=Campuses |url=https://www.mcphs.edu/Campuses |publisher=MCPHS University |access-date=May 7, 2015 |archive-date=May 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501172114/http://www.mcphs.edu/Campuses |url-status=dead }}</ref>