History of Christianity

===Church, state and society===
Revolution broke the power of the Old World aristocracy, offered hope to the disenfranchised, and enabled the middle class to reap the economic benefits of the [[Industrial Revolution]].{{sfn|Matthews|Platt|1992|p=461}} 
Scholars have since identified a positive correlation between the rise of Protestantism and [[human capital]] formation,{{sfn|Boppart|Falkinger|Grossmann|2014|pp=874–895}} [[Protestant work ethic|work ethic]],{{sfn|Schaltegger|Torgler|2010|pp=99–101}} [[economic development]],{{sfn|Spater|Tranvik|2019|pp=1963–1994}} and the development of the state system.{{sfn|Becker|Pfaff|Rubin|2016}} Weber says this contributed to economic growth and the development of banking across Northern Europe.{{sfn|Lloyd|2013|p=106}}{{sfn|McKinnon |2010|pp=108–126}}{{refn|group=note|[[Max Weber]] in his book ''[[The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]]'' (1904–1905) asserted that Protestant ethics and values along with the Calvinist doctrine of [[asceticism]] and [[predestination]] gave birth to [[Capitalism]].{{sfn|Weber|Kalberg|2012|pp=xi, xxviii, xxxiv–xxxvi, xl, 3–5, 103–126}}{{sfn|tutor2u|2018}} It is one of the most influential and cited books in sociology, yet its thesis has been controversial since its release. In opposition to Weber, historians such as [[Fernand Braudel]] and [[Hugh Trevor-Roper]] assert that capitalism developed in pre-Reformation Catholic communities. [[Joseph Schumpeter]], an economist of the twentieth century, has referred to the [[Scholasticism|Scholastics]] as "they who come nearer than does any other group to having been the 'founders' of scientific economics".{{sfn|Schumpeter|1954|p=93}}}}
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