San Diego

===Utilities===
Water is supplied to residents by the Water Department of the City of San Diego. The city receives most of its water from the [[Metropolitan Water District of Southern California]], which brings water to the region from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, via the state project and the Colorado River, via the Colorado Aqueduct.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MWD {{!}} Securing Our Imported Supplies |url=https://www.mwdh2o.com/securing-our-imported-supplies/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=www.mwdh2o.com}}</ref>

Gas and electric utilities are provided by [[San Diego Gas & Electric]], a division of [[Sempra Energy]].{{explain|date=October 2023}} The company provides energy service to 3.7 million people through 1.5 million electric meters and 900,000 natural gas meters in San Diego and southern Orange counties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Company {{!}} San Diego Gas & Electric |url=https://www.sdge.com/more-information/our-company |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=www.sdge.com}}</ref>

====Street lights====
[[File:Sandiego gaslampquarter (cropped).JPG|thumb|left|Street lights in the [[Gaslamp Quarter]]]]
In the mid-20th century the city had [[mercury vapor]] street lamps. In 1978, the city decided to replace them with more efficient [[sodium vapor]] lamps. This triggered an outcry from [[astronomer]]s at [[Palomar Observatory]] {{convert|60|mi|km|sigfig=1}} north of the city, concerned that the new lamps would increase [[light pollution]] and hinder astronomical observation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/14/us/astronomers-say-street-lights-will-blind-palomar.html|title=Astronomers say street lights will blind Palomar|last=Blakeslee|first=Sandra|date=August 14, 1983|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 20, 2014}}</ref> The city altered its lighting regulations to limit light pollution within {{convert|30|mi|km|sigfig=1}} of Palomar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/pdf/cpc/agendas/attachments/outdoorlighting.pdf|title=Outdoor lighting regulations|work=City of San Diego|access-date=February 20, 2014|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114654/http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/pdf/cpc/agendas/attachments/outdoorlighting.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2011, the city announced plans to upgrade 80% of its street lighting to new energy-efficient lights that use [[Electrodeless lamp|induction technology]], a modified form of [[fluorescent lamp]] producing a broader spectrum than sodium vapor lamps. The new system is predicted to save $2.2&nbsp;million per year in energy and maintenance.<ref name="install">{{cite news|url=http://www.sdgln.com/news/2011/09/19/san-diego-install-brighter-more-efficient-streetlights|title=San Diego to install brighter, more efficient streetlights|date=September 19, 2011|work=San Diego Gay & Lesbian News|access-date=January 30, 2014}}</ref> The city stated the changes would "make our neighborhoods safer."<ref name = "install" /> They also increase [[light pollution]].<ref>[http://www.sandiego.gov/street-div/services/electrical/strlight.shtml City of San Diego official website, "Street Division: Electrical Street Lights"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221083431/http://www.sandiego.gov/street-div/services/electrical/strlight.shtml |date=February 21, 2014 }} Retrieved February 15, 2014</ref>

In 2014, San Diego announced plans to become the first U.S. city to install cyber-controlled street lighting, using an "intelligent" lighting system to control 3,000 [[LED]] street lights.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailyfusion.net/2014/01/san-diego-to-link-street-lights-to-industrial-internet-26286/|title=San Diego to Link Street Lights to Industrial Internet|work=Daily Fusion|access-date=January 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175840/http://dailyfusion.net/2014/01/san-diego-to-link-street-lights-to-industrial-internet-26286/|archive-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref>