Protestantism

===Neo-orthodoxy and paleo-orthodoxy===
{{Main|Neo-orthodoxy|Paleo-orthodoxy}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 194-1283-23A, Wuppertal, Evangelische Gesellschaft, Jahrestagung.jpg|upright=1|thumb|[[Karl Barth]], often regarded as the greatest Protestant theologian of the 20th century<ref name = "McGrath2011">{{cite book| first= Alister E| last= McGrath| title= Christian Theology: An Introduction| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bus5TyjTfxYC&pg=PA76| year= 2011| publisher= John Wiley & Sons| isbn= 978-1-4443-9770-3| page= 76| access-date= 27 June 2015| archive-date= 6 September 2015| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150906041426/https://books.google.com/books?id=bus5TyjTfxYC&pg=PA76| url-status= live}}</ref><ref name = "BrownCollinson2012">{{cite book | first1 = Stuart | last1 = Brown | first2 = Diane | last2 = Collinson | first3 = Robert | last3 = Wilkinson | title = Biographical Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Philosophers | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Hz8OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA52 | year = 2012 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-0-415-06043-1 | page = 52 | access-date = 27 June 2015 | archive-date = 6 September 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150906044607/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hz8OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA52 | url-status = live }}</ref>]]
A non-fundamentalist rejection of liberal Christianity along the lines of the [[Christian existentialism]] of [[Søren Kierkegaard]], who attacked the [[Right Hegelians#Hegelian theologians|Hegelian]] state churches of his day for "dead orthodoxy", neo-orthodoxy is associated primarily with [[Karl Barth]], [[Jürgen Moltmann]], and [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]]. Neo-orthodoxy sought to counter-act the tendency of liberal theology to make theological accommodations to modern scientific perspectives. Sometimes called "crisis theology", in the existentialist sense of the word crisis, also sometimes called ''neo-evangelicalism'', which uses the sense of "evangelical" pertaining to continental European Protestants rather than American evangelicalism. "Evangelical" was the originally preferred label used by Lutherans and Calvinists, but it was replaced by the names some Catholics used to [[Labelling#Labelling in argumentation|label]] a heresy with the name of its founder.

[[Paleo-orthodoxy]] is a movement similar in some respects to neo-evangelicalism but emphasizing the ancient Christian consensus of the undivided church of the first millennium AD, including in particular the early creeds and church councils as a means of properly understanding the scriptures. This movement is cross-denominational. A prominent theologian in this group is [[Thomas Oden]], a Methodist.