Doctor of Philosophy Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Poland === In [[Poland]], a doctoral degree ([[Polish language|Pol.]] ''doktor''), abbreviated to PhD (Pol. ''dr'') is an advanced academic degree awarded by universities in most fields and by the [[Polish Academy of Sciences]], regulated by the [[Polish parliament]] acts and the government orders, in particular by the [[Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland]]. Students with a master's degree or equivalent are accepted to a doctoral entrance exam. The title of PhD is awarded to a scientist who has completed a minimum of three years of PhD studies (Pol. ''studia doktoranckie''; not required to obtain PhD), finished a theoretical or laboratory scientific work, passed all PhD examinations; submitted the [[Thesis (academic document)|dissertation]], a document presenting the author's research and findings,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Master A |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00623298/file/PEER_stage2_10.1016%252Fj.bbadis.2010.07.025.pdf |title=Untranslated regions of thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 mRNA are impaired in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma |year=2010 |volume=1802 |pages=995β1005 |doi=10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.025 |pmid=20691260 |display-authors=etal |access-date=27 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827113200/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00623298/file/PEER_stage2_10.1016%25252Fj.bbadis.2010.07.025.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2019 |url-status=live |doi-access=free |issue=11 |work=Biochim Biophys Acta}}</ref> and successfully defended the doctoral thesis. Typically, upon completion, the candidate undergoes an oral examination, always public, by a supervisory committee with expertise in the given discipline. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page