Berlin

==Education and research==
{{Main|Education in Berlin}}
[[File:Berlin-Mitte Humboldt-Uni 05-2014.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Humboldt University of Berlin]], the world´s first modern university,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.berlin.de/en/attractions-and-sights/3561617-3104052-humboldt-university.en.html#:~:text=Humboldt%20University%20at%20Unter%20den,the%20world%27s%20first%20modern%20university | title=Humboldt University | access-date=7 January 2024 | archive-date=7 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107161351/https://www.berlin.de/en/attractions-and-sights/3561617-3104052-humboldt-university.en.html#:~:text=Humboldt%20University%20at%20Unter%20den,the%20world%27s%20first%20modern%20university | url-status=live }}</ref> is affiliated with 57 Nobel Prize winners.]]

{{as of|2014}}, Berlin had 878 schools, teaching 340,658 students in 13,727 classes and 56,787 trainees in businesses and elsewhere.<ref name="berlin.de"/> The city has a 6-year primary education program. After completing primary school, students continue to the {{lang|de|Sekundarschule}} (a comprehensive school) or {{lang|de|Gymnasium}} (college preparatory school). Berlin has a special bilingual school program in the {{lang|de|Europaschule}}, in which children are taught the curriculum in German and a foreign language, starting in primary school and continuing in high school.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/;art270,2185300|title=Jahrgangsstufe Null|website=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|access-date=19 August 2008 |language=de |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520234625/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/;art270,2185300|archive-date=20 May 2008}}</ref>

The [[Französisches Gymnasium Berlin]], which was founded in 1689 to teach the children of Huguenot refugees, offers (German/French) instruction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fg-berlin.de/WebObjects/FranzGym.woa/wa/CMSshow/1064384 |title=Geschichte des Französischen Gymnasiums |website=Französisches Gymnasium Lycée Français Berlin |access-date=17 August 2008 |language=de, fr |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080615205603/https://www.fg-berlin.de/WebObjects/FranzGym.woa/wa/CMSshow/1064384 |archive-date=15 June 2008}}</ref> The [[John F. Kennedy School, Berlin|John F. Kennedy School]], a bilingual German–American public school in [[Zehlendorf (Berlin)|Zehlendorf]], is particularly popular with children of diplomats and the English-speaking expatriate community. 82 {{lang|de|Gymnasien}} teach [[Latin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/latein |title=Latein an Berliner Gymnasien |date=29 March 2013 |access-date=6 May 2018 |language=de |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004133934/https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/latein |archive-date=4 October 2017}}</ref> and 8 teach [[Classical Greek]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/alt-griechisch |title=Alt-Griechisch an Berliner Gymnasien |date=31 March 2013 |access-date=6 May 2018 |language=de |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012215308/https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/alt-griechisch |archive-date=12 October 2017}}</ref>

===Higher education===
{{Main|Universities and research institutions in Berlin}}

[[File:Freie Universitaet Berlin - Gebaeudekomplex Rost- und Silberlaube.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Free University of Berlin]]]]

The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research in Germany and Europe. Historically, 67 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated with the Berlin-based universities.

The city has four public research universities and more than 30 private, professional, and technical colleges ''(Hochschulen)'', offering a wide range of disciplines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.berlin-partner.de/622/?L=1|title=Metropolis of Sciences|website=Berlin Partner GmbH|access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424003113/https://www.berlin-partner.de/622/?L=1 |archive-date=24 April 2008}}</ref> A record number of 175,651 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2015/16.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.focus.de/regional/brandenburg/hochschulen-berlin-mit-neuem-studentenrekord_id_5111299.html|title=HochschulenBerlin mit neuem Studentenrekord|website=Focus|date=25 November 2015|access-date=1 December 2015|language=de|archive-date=8 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408172817/https://www.focus.de/regional/brandenburg/hochschulen-berlin-mit-neuem-studentenrekord_id_5111299.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Among them around 18% have an international background.

The three largest universities combined have approximately 103,000 enrolled students. There are the [[Free University of Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin]] ''(Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin)'' with about 33,000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/universitaet/leitbegriffe/zahlen/index.html |title=Facts and Figures |author=Free University of Berlin |date=29 November 2010 |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=3 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203075516/https://www.fu-berlin.de/en/universitaet/leitbegriffe/zahlen/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> students, the [[Humboldt University of Berlin|Humboldt Universität zu Berlin]] ''(HU Berlin)'' with 35,000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hu-berlin.de/en/about/humboldt-universitaet-zu-berlin/facts |title=Facts and Figures |author=Humboldt University of Berlin |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716113033/https://www.hu-berlin.de/en/about/humboldt-universitaet-zu-berlin/facts |url-status=live }}</ref> students, and the [[Technical University of Berlin|Technische Universität Berlin]] ''(TU Berlin)'' with 35,000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tu.berlin/en/about/profile/tu-berlin-statistics/ |title=Facts and Figures |author=Technical University of Berlin |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726214449/https://www.tu.berlin/en/about/profile/tu-berlin-statistics/ |url-status=live }}</ref> students. The [[Charité]] Medical School has around 8,000 students.<ref name=charite_facts/> The FU, the HU, the TU, and the Charité make up the [[Berlin University Alliance]], which has received funding from the [[German Universities Excellence Initiative|Excellence Strategy]] program of the German government.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.berlin-university-alliance.de/en/excellence-strategy/index.html |title=Excellence Strategy of the German Government |author=Berlin University Alliance |date=12 February 2018 |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627013223/https://www.berlin-university-alliance.de/en/excellence-strategy/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dfg.de/sites/exu-karte/en.html|title=Excellence Strategy|author=DFG|language=en|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726202732/https://www.dfg.de/sites/exu-karte/en.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Berlin University of the Arts|Universität der Künste]] ''(UdK)'' has about 4,000 students and [[ESMT Berlin]] is only one of four business schools in Germany with [[triple accreditation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.udk-berlin.de/en/service/press-communication/figures-and-facts/ |title=Facts and Figures |author=Berlin University of the Arts |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628084223/https://www.udk-berlin.de/en/service/press-communication/figures-and-facts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Hertie School]], a private public policy school located in Mitte, has more than 900 students and doctoral students. The [[Berlin School of Economics and Law]] has an enrollment of about 11,000 students, the [[Berliner Hochschule für Technik|Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology]] of about 12,000 students, and the [[HTW Berlin|Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft]] (University of Applied Sciences for Engineering and Economics) of about 14,000 students.

===Research===
[[File:Berlin Adlershof Photonics Center 2016.jpg|thumb|right|The [[WISTA Science and Technology Park]] in [[Berlin-Adlershof|Adlershof]]]]

The city has a high density of internationally renowned research institutions, such as the [[Fraunhofer Society]], the [[Leibniz Association]], the [[Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres|Helmholtz Association]], and the [[Max Planck Society]], which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ten institutions that dominated science in 2015|url=https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/ten-institutions-that-dominated-science-in-twentyfifteen|website=Nature Index|date=20 April 2016 |access-date=20 April 2016|archive-date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424082505/https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/ten-institutions-that-dominated-science-in-twentyfifteen|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, around 65,000 professional scientists were working in [[research and development]] in the city.<ref name="berlin.de"/>

Berlin is one of the knowledge and innovation communities (KIC) of the [[European Institute of Innovation and Technology]] (EIT).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eit.europa.eu/home.html |title=European Institute of Innovation and Technology: Home |website=Europa (web portal) |access-date=8 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529152704/https://eit.europa.eu/home.html |archive-date=29 May 2010}}</ref> The KIC is based at the Center for Entrepreneurship at TU Berlin and has a focus in the development of IT industries. It partners with major multinational companies such as [[Siemens]], [[Deutsche Telekom]], and [[SAP SE|SAP]].<ref>{{cite web|title=EIT ICT Labs – Turn Europe into a global leader in ICT Innovation|url=https://www.entrepreneurship.tu-berlin.de/menue/masterprogramme_qualifizierung/eit_ict_labs/|website=Technische Universität Berlin Center for Entrepreneurship|access-date=25 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026162619/https://www.entrepreneurship.tu-berlin.de/menue/masterprogramme_qualifizierung/eit_ict_labs/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

One of Europe's successful research, business and technology [[List of technology centers|clusters]] is based at [[WISTA]] in [[Berlin-Adlershof]], with more than 1,000 affiliated firms, university departments and scientific institutions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Adlershof in Brief|url=https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/|website=Adlershof.de|access-date=27 October 2016|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010165349/https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In addition to the university-affiliated libraries, the [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]] is a major research library. Its two main locations are on Potsdamer Straße and on [[Unter den Linden]]. There are also 86 public libraries in the city.<ref name="berlin.de"/> [[ResearchGate]], a global social networking site for scientists, is based in Berlin.