21st century

===Biotechnology and medicine===
{{further|Timeline of medicine and medical technology#2000 – present}}
{{See also|Medicine in the 2010s}}
* 2001 – The first [[Remote surgery|telesurgery]] is performed by [[Jacques Marescaux]].
* 2003 – Completion of the [[Human Genome Project]]
* 2005 – The first successful partial [[face transplant]] is performed in France.
* 2006 – [[Australian of the Year]] Dr [[Ian Frazer]] develops a [[vaccine]] for [[cervical cancer]].
* 2007 – Visual prosthetic (bionic eye) Argus II.
* 2008 – Japanese scientists create a form of artificial [[DNA]].
* 2008 – [[Laurent Lantieri]] performs the first full face transplant.
* 2011 – First successful [[Uterus transplantation|Uterus transplant]] from a deceased donor in Turkey.
* 2012 – The first successful complete face transplant is performed in Turkey.
* 2012 – Doubts raised over [[Statin]] medication.
* 2013 – First kidney grown in vitro in the U.S.
* 2013 – First human liver grown from stem cells in Japan.
* 2014 – A [[3D printer]] is used for first ever [[skull transplant]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=26 March 2014 |title=Neurosurgeons successfully implant 3D printed skull |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/3d-printed-skull |access-date=15 February 2024 |magazine=Wired}}</ref>
* 2016 – The first ever [[artificial pancreas]] is created.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2018 |title=The Artificial Pancreas Device System |url=https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/consumer-products/artificial-pancreas-device-system#:~:text=On%20September%2028%2C%202016%2C%20the,people%20with%20type%201%20diabetes. |website=FDA}}</ref>
* 2019 – Researchers 3D-print a heart from human patient's cells.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2019 |title=Researchers 3D-print heart from human patient's cells |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/15/health/3d-printed-heart-study/index.html |access-date=15 February 2024 |website=CNN}}</ref>
* 2020 – First [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 Vaccine]] is developed.
* 2022 – The complete [[human genome]] is sequenced.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Genome Project |url=https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/educational-resources/fact-sheets/human-genome-project#:~:text=On%20March%2031%2C%202022%2C%20the,truly%20complete%20human%20genome%20sequence. |access-date=15 February 2024 |website=genome.gov}}</ref>