Taoism Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Political aspects=== Taoism never had a unified political theory. While [[HuangβLao]] positions justified a strong emperor as the legitimate ruler,{{sfnp|Hansen|2000|pp=224β226, 370β374}} the Taoist "primitivists" (of chapters 8β11 of the ''Zhuangzi'') argued for a kind of [[anarchism]]. A more moderate position is presented in the Inner Chapters of the [[Zhuangzi (book)|''Zhuangzi'']] in which the political life is presented with disdain and some kind of pluralism or perspectivism is preferred.{{sfnp|Graham|1989|pp=172, 306β311}} The syncretist position found in texts like the ''[[Huainanzi]]'' and some of the Outer Chapters of the ''Zhuangzi'' blend Taoist positions with Confucian views.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roth|first=Harold D.|title=Dao Companion to Daoist Philosophy |chapter=Huainanzi: The Pinnacle of Classical Daoist Syncretism |date=2014-09-27|pages=341β365|publisher=Springer Netherlands|doi=10.1007/978-90-481-2927-0_15|isbn=978-90-481-2926-3|series=Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy |volume=6 }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page