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PreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text==Crime== {{See also|New Orleans Police Department|Culture of New Orleans#Crime|}} Crime is a notable ongoing problem in New Orleans. As in comparable U.S. cities, the incidence of homicide and other violent crimes is usually highly concentrated in certain impoverished neighborhoods.<ref name="ritea">{{Cite journal |author=S. Ritea and T. Young. |url=http://www.nola.com/speced/cycleofdeath/index.ssf?%2Fspeced%2Fcycleofdeath%2Fviolence.html |title=Violence thrives on lack of jobs, wealth of drugs |journal=The Times-Picayune |date=February 8, 2004 |access-date=January 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117063352/http://www.nola.com/speced/cycleofdeath/index.ssf?%2Fspeced%2Fcycleofdeath%2Fviolence.html |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |url-status=dead }} [http://www.nola.com/speced/cycleofdeath/pdf/02080405.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524011132/http://www.nola.com/speced/cycleofdeath/pdf/02080405.pdf |date=May 24, 2006 }}</ref> Arrested offenders in New Orleans are almost exclusively black males from [[impoverished|impoverished communities]]: in 2011, 97% were black and 95% were male; 91% of victims were black as well.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://modiphy.dnsconnect.net/~nolaipm/main/uploads/File/All/BJA_report_on_crime.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201193540/http://modiphy.dnsconnect.net/~nolaipm/main/uploads/File/All/BJA_report_on_crime.pdf |url-status=dead |title=''Crime in New Orleans: analyzing crime trends and New Orleans' responses to crime'', Charles Wellford, Ph.D., Brenda J. Bond, Ph.D., Sean Goodison |archive-date=February 1, 2015}}</ref> The city's murder rate has been historically high and consistently among the highest rates nationwide since the 1970s. From 1994 to 2013, New Orleans was the country's "Murder Capital", annually averaging over 200 murders.<ref name="slightly fewer">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/article_4dd8e4ae-6cb4-5e10-8683-e0e95e6bb7c5.html |title=Murders in New Orleans were slightly fewer in 2012 than in 2011 |website=NOLA.com |date=January 2013 |access-date=January 1, 2021 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308141934/https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/article_4dd8e4ae-6cb4-5e10-8683-e0e95e6bb7c5.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The first record was broken in 1979 when the city reached 242 homicides.<ref name="slightly fewer"/> The record was broken again reaching 250 by 1989 to 345 by the end of 1991.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/03/nyregion/preliminary-1991-figures-show-drop-in-homicides.html |title=Preliminary 1991 Figures Show Drop in Homicides |first=Lee A. |last=Daniels |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 3, 1992 |access-date=February 10, 2018 |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116033701/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/03/nyregion/preliminary-1991-figures-show-drop-in-homicides.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/03/01/us/new-orleans-murder/index.html |title=Fed up, New Orleans looks to shake Murder City title |first=Eliott C. |last=McLaughlin |website=CNN |date=March 2012 |access-date=February 8, 2018 |archive-date=February 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002823/https://www.cnn.com/2012/03/01/us/new-orleans-murder/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By 1993, New Orleans had 395 murders: 80.5 for every 100,000 residents.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-05-05-9405050255-story.html |title=CRIME-RATE DROP CAN'T HIDE DANGER |first=William Recktenwald and Patrick T. Reardon, Tribune Staff |last=Writers |website=chicagotribune.com |date=May 5, 1994 |access-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630234336/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-05-05-9405050255-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1994, the city was officially named the "Murder Capital of America", hitting a historic peak of 424 murders. The murder count was one of the highest in the world and surpassed that of such cities as [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], Indiana, [[Washington D.C.|Washington, D.C.]], and [[Baltimore]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-09-07/news/mn-43234_1_police-department |title=Police now the usual suspects in New Orleans: Officers have been tied to killings, including serial slayings. Yet the department has helped slash the murder rate |first=JESSE |last=KATZ |date=September 7, 1995 |via=LA Times |access-date=April 10, 2017 |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214181240/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-09-07/news/mn-43234_1_police-department |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19960506&slug=2327755 |title=Business | U.S. Murder Rate Down 8 Percent In 1995, FBI Says – Third-Steepest Drop In 30-Some Years Offset By Fears Over Rising Teen Violence | Seattle Times Newspaper |website=community.seattletimes.nwsource.com |access-date=February 19, 2018 |archive-date=February 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219210654/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19960506&slug=2327755 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nbcnews.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8999837/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/new-orleans-murder-rate-rise-again/ |title=New Orleans murder rate on the rise again |date=August 18, 2005 |website=msnbc.com |access-date=January 12, 2018 |archive-date=July 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718053903/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/8999837/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/new-orleans-murder-rate-rise-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1996-12-29-9612280336-story.html |title=BIG TROUBLE IN BIG EASY: VIOLENT CRIMES ARE RISING |first=E. A. TORRIERO Staff WriterStaff Writer Kathy Bushouse contributed to this |last=report |website=Sun-Sentinel.com |date=December 29, 1996 |access-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630222522/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1996-12-29-9612280336-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1999, the city's murder rate dropped down to a low of 158 and climbed to the high 200s in the early 2000s. Between 2000 and 2004, New Orleans had the highest homicide rate per capita of any city in the U.S., with 59 people killed per year per 100,000 citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://donsnotes.com/reference/murders_us_2003.html |title=Large Cities with Highest Murder Rate |website=donsnotes.com |access-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-date=January 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108152755/http://donsnotes.com/reference/murders_us_2003.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/10/us/nationalspecial/new-orleans-crime-swept-away-with-most-of-the-people.html |title=New Orleans Crime Swept Away, With Most of the People |first=Adam |last=Nossiter |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 10, 2005 |access-date=January 29, 2018 |archive-date=January 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113035652/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/10/us/nationalspecial/new-orleans-crime-swept-away-with-most-of-the-people.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nola.com/crime/2014/08/murders_down_in_first_half_of.html |title=New Orleans murders down in first half of 2014, but summer's death toll climbing |first=Ken |last=Daley |date=August 21, 2014 |newspaper=nola.com |access-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630222521/https://www.nola.com/crime/2014/08/murders_down_in_first_half_of.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nbcnews.com"/> In 2006, with nearly half the population gone and widespread disruption and dislocation because of deaths and refugee relocations from [[Hurricane Katrina]], the city hit another record of homicides. It was ranked as the most dangerous city in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/06/usa |title=New Orleans murder rate for year will set record |first=Ethan |last=Brown |newspaper=The Guardian |date=November 6, 2007 |via=www.theguardian.com |access-date=May 1, 2018 |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501160836/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/06/usa |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/murder-rates-up-in-many-major-u-s-cities-in-2006 |title=Murder Rates Up in Many Major U.S. Cities in 2006 |date=March 25, 2015 |website=Associated Press |access-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630222517/https://www.foxnews.com/story/murder-rates-up-in-many-major-u-s-cities-in-2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2009, there was a 17% decrease in violent crime, a decrease seen in other cities across the country. But the homicide rate remained among the highest<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2009/06/police_chief_calls_new_orleans.html |title=Police chief calls New Orleans top murder rank misleading |work=The Times-Picayune |date=June 3, 2009 |access-date=February 21, 2010 |archive-date=August 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808200002/http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2009/06/police_chief_calls_new_orleans.html |url-status=live }}</ref> in the United States, at between 55 and 64 per 100,000 residents.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2009/06/despite_drop_in_crime_new_orle.html |title=Despite drop in crime, New Orleans' murder rate continues to lead nation |work=The Times-Picayune |date=June 1, 2009 |access-date=February 21, 2010 |archive-date=February 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227065238/http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2009/06/despite_drop_in_crime_new_orle.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2010, New Orleans' homicide rate dropped to 49.1 per 100,000, but increased again in 2012, to 53.2,<ref>[https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/tables/table-8/10tbl08la.xls Louisiana Offenses Known to Law Enforcement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090433/https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/tables/table-8/10tbl08la.xls |date=October 16, 2015 }} FBI. Retrieved August 10, 2012</ref> the highest rate among cities of 250,000 population or larger.<ref>[http://www.ucrdatatool.gov/ Uniform Crime Reporting Tool] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703191609/http://www.ucrdatatool.gov/ |date=July 3, 2013 }} FBI. Retrieved August 10, 2012.</ref> The violent crime rate is a key issue in every modern mayoral race. In January 2007, several thousand New Orleans residents marched to City Hall for a rally demanding police and city leaders tackle the crime problem. Then-Mayor [[Ray Nagin]] said he was "totally and solely focused" on addressing the problem. Later, the city implemented checkpoints during late night hours in problem areas.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/01/new_orleans_mayoral_candidates_10.html |title=New Orleans mayoral candidates can agree: Crime is critical issue |work=The Times-Picayune |date=January 29, 2009 |access-date=February 21, 2010 |archive-date=March 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304211211/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/01/new_orleans_mayoral_candidates_10.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The murder rate climbed 14% in 2011 to 57.88 per 100,000<ref>{{cite web |first=Laura |last=Maggi |url=http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2012/01/new_orleans_homicides_jump_by.html |title=New Orleans homicides jump by 14 percent in 2011 |website=[[The Times-Picayune]] |date=January 1, 2012 |access-date=January 7, 2013 |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411193948/http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2012/01/new_orleans_homicides_jump_by.html |url-status=live }}</ref> rising to #21 in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx/sala-de-prensa/541-san-pedro-sula-la-ciudad-mas-violenta-del-mundo-juarez-la-segunda |title=San Pedro Sula, la ciudad más violenta del mundo; Juárez, la segunda |language=es |publisher=Security, Justice and Peace |date=January 8, 2012 |access-date=January 7, 2012 |archive-date=October 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028124655/http://www.seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx/sala-de-prensa/541-san-pedro-sula-la-ciudad-mas-violenta-del-mundo-juarez-la-segunda |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016, according to annual crime statistics released by the New Orleans Police Department (NOPD), 176 were murdered.<ref>Bullington, Jonathan (January 4, 2017). [http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2017/01/last_homicide_of_2016_prelimin.html "New Orleans last homicide of 2016 preliminarily ruled justifiable, NOPD says."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828124207/http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2017/01/last_homicide_of_2016_prelimin.html |date=August 28, 2017 }} ''The Times-Picayune.'' Retrieved January 15, 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nolacrimenews.com/2017/01/04/the-demographics-of-murder-in-new-orleans-2016/ |title=The Demographics of Murder in New Orleans: 2016 |date=January 4, 2017 |access-date=April 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410213822/https://nolacrimenews.com/2017/01/04/the-demographics-of-murder-in-new-orleans-2016/ |archive-date=April 10, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2017, New Orleans had the highest rate of gun violence, surpassing the more populated [[Chicago]] and [[Detroit]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wgntv.com/2017/06/20/chicago-not-most-dangerous-u-s-city-in-new-study/ |title=Chicago NOT most dangerous U.S. city, new report says |date=June 20, 2017 |access-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630222517/https://wgntv.com/2017/06/20/chicago-not-most-dangerous-u-s-city-in-new-study/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/local/orleans/new-orleans-homicide-rate-is-higher-than-chicago/289-437912767 |title=New Orleans' homicide rate is higher than Chicago |website=WWL |date=May 8, 2017 |access-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323080346/https://www.wwltv.com/article/news/local/orleans/new-orleans-homicide-rate-is-higher-than-chicago/289-437912767 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, murders increased 68% from 2019 with a total of 202 murders. Criminal justice observers blamed impacts from [[COVID-19]] and changes in police strategies for the uptick.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://metrocrime.org/2021/01/07/new-orleans-sees-sharp-uptick-in-murders-in-2020/ |title=New Orleans sees sharp uptick in murders in 2020 | Metropolitan Crime Commission |date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119143744/https://metrocrime.org/2021/01/07/new-orleans-sees-sharp-uptick-in-murders-in-2020/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/new-orleans-sees-sharp-uptick-in-murders-in-2020/35155931 |title=New Orleans sees sharp uptick in murders in 2020 |date=January 8, 2021 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120230811/https://www.wdsu.com/article/new-orleans-sees-sharp-uptick-in-murders-in-2020/35155931 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, New Orleans' homicide rate skyrocketed, leading every major city, hence the city again being declared as the "Murder Capital of America". The 2022 city homicide count increased to 280 which was a 26-year high.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schirm |first=Cassie |date=2023-01-04 |title='It has been a horrific year': New Orleans' 2022 was a violent year, what analysts say we can learn from it for 2023 |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/leaders-call-new-orleans-violent-2022-a-horrific-year/42390054 |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=WDSU |language=en |archive-date=January 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121180035/https://www.wdsu.com/article/leaders-call-new-orleans-violent-2022-a-horrific-year/42390054 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fox8live.com/2022/12/29/new-orleans-homicide-total-climbs-highest-26-years/ |title=New Orleans' homicide tally climbs to highest in 26 years |work=Fox 8 News |date=December 28, 2022 |access-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121175735/https://www.fox8live.com/2022/12/29/new-orleans-homicide-total-climbs-highest-26-years/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The NOPD dropped to under 1,000 officers in 2022 which means the department is severely understaffed for the city's population.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nick Smith |first=Nexstar Media Wire |date=2022-09-26 |title=New Orleans police hiring civilians to combat officer shortage |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3661803-new-orleans-police-hire-civilians-to-combat-officer-shortage/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112155914/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3661803-new-orleans-police-hire-civilians-to-combat-officer-shortage/ |url-status=live }}</ref> NOPD is actively working to reduce violent crime by offering attractive incentives to recruit and retain more officers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wgno.com/news/louisiana/orleans-parish/skyrocketing-homicide-rates-in-2022-in-new-orleans-murder-capital-of-the-u-s-report-says/ |title=Skyrocketing homicide rates in 2022 in New Orleans: Murder capital of the U.S. report says |date=September 20, 2022 |access-date=December 3, 2022 |archive-date=December 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203194016/https://wgno.com/news/louisiana/orleans-parish/skyrocketing-homicide-rates-in-2022-in-new-orleans-murder-capital-of-the-u-s-report-says/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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