Filioque

===Old Catholic Church===
Immediately after the [[Old Catholic Church]] separated from the [[Catholic Church]] in 1871, its theologians initiated contact with the Orthodox Church. In 1874–75, representatives of the two churches held "union conferences" in [[Bonn]] with theologians of the Anglican Communion and the Lutheran Church in attendance in an unofficial capacity. The conferences discussed a number of issues including the filioque controversy. From the outset, Old Catholic theologians agreed with the Orthodox position that the ''Filioque'' had been introduced in the West in an unacceptably non-canonical way. It was at these Bonn conferences that the Old Catholics became the first Western church to omit the ''Filioque'' from the Nicene Creed.{{sfn|Guretzki|2009|p=11}}{{sfn|Moltmann|1993|pp=179–180}}<ref name="ThomasWondra2002">{{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Owen C. |last2=Wondra|first2=Ellen K.|author-link2=Ellen Wondra |title=Introduction to theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dK4Ay-bhbcC&pg=PA221|access-date=22 December 2011|date=1 July 2002|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|isbn=978-0-8192-1897-1|page=221}}</ref>