Chicago Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Infrastructure== ===Transportation=== {{Further|Transportation in Chicago}} [[File:Jane M. Byrne Interchange (1) 4-1-22.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Aerial photo of the [[Jane Byrne Interchange]] (2022) after reconstruction, initially opened in the 1960s]] Chicago is a major transportation hub in the United States. It is an important component in global distribution, as it is the third-largest inter-modal port in the world after [[Hong Kong]] and [[Singapore]].{{sfnp|Madigan|2004 |p=52}} The city of Chicago has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 26.5 percent of Chicago households were without a car, and increased slightly to 27.5 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Chicago averaged 1.12 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map |journal=Governing |date=December 9, 2014 |url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |access-date=May 4, 2018 |archive-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511162014/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ====Parking==== Due to Chicago's [[Wheel Tax]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chicityclerk.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/Signed%20Admin%20Rules%20with%20No%20Fee%20Veteran%20Update%201-27-2021.pdf |title=Chicago Wheel Tax Administrative Rules |date=January 27, 2021 |publisher=City of Chicago Office of the City Clerk |access-date=February 1, 2024 }}</ref> residents of Chicago who own a vehicle are required to purchase a Chicago City Vehicle Sticker.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ezbuy.chicityclerk.com/vehicle-stickers |title=Vehicle Stickers |date=2024 |publisher=City of Chicago Office of the City Clerk |access-date=February 1, 2024 }}</ref> In established Residential Parking Zones, only local residents can purchase Zone-specific parking stickers for themselves and guests.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://311.chicago.gov/s/article/Residential-zone-parking?language=en_US |title=Residential Zone Parking |date=December 12, 2018 |publisher=City of Chicago Office of the City Clerk |access-date=February 1, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://jkalov.carto.com/viz/d52e0db0-8654-11e4-9a46-0e9d821ea90d/public_map |title=Chicago Residential Parking Zones |date=2015 |website=jkalov.carto.com |access-date=February 1, 2024 }}</ref> Chicago since 2009 has relinquished rights to its [[Commercial area|public]] street parking.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/chicago-parking-ticket-paybox-snow/1892557/ |title=Paying for Parking: It's Snow Joke |date=January 7, 2010 |publisher=NBC 5 Chicago |access-date=August 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812165146/https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/chicago-parking-ticket-paybox-snow/1892557/ |archive-date=August 12, 2023}}</ref> In 2008, as Chicago struggled to close a growing budget deficit, the city agreed to a 75-year, $1.16 billion deal to lease its [[parking meter]] system to an operating company created by [[Morgan Stanley]], called [[Chicago Parking Meters LLC]]. Daley said the "agreement is very good news for the taxpayers of Chicago because it will provide more than $1 billion in net proceeds that can be used during this very difficult economy."<ref name=fail>{{cite news |title=FAIL: The Reader's Parking Meter Investigation; Ben Joravsky and Mick Dumke's report on the privatization of Chicago's parking meters, how the deal went down, and its fallout |url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/fail-chicago-parking-meter-privatization-archive/Content?oid=1265254 |newspaper=[[Chicago Reader]] |date=December 10, 2009}} {{cite news |title=FAIL, Part One: Chicago's Parking Meter Lease Deal; How Daley and his crew hid their process from the public, ignored their own rules, railroaded the City Council, and screwed the taxpayers on the parking meter lease deal |first1=Ben |last1=Joravsky |first2=Mick |last2=Dumke |url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/fail-parking-meters-lease-deal/Content?oid=1098561 |newspaper=Chicago Reader |date=April 9, 2009}} {{cite news |title=FAIL, Part Two: One BILLION Dollars! New evidence suggests Chicago leased out its parking meters for a fraction of what they're worth |date=May 21, 2009 |url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/one-billion-dollars-parking-meter-fiasco-part-two/Content?oid=1123046 |newspaper=Chicago Reader |first1=Ben |last1=Joravsky |first2=Mick |last2=Dumke }} {{cite news |title=FAIL, Part Three: The Insiders; Who benefited from the parking meter fiasco |first1=Ben |last1=Joravsky |first2=Mick |last2=Dumke |date= June 18, 2009|url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/the-parking-meter-fiasco-part-iii/Content?oid=1127436 |newspaper=Chicago Reader}}</ref> The rights of the parking ticket lease end in 2081, and since 2022 have already recouped over $1.5 billion in revenue for [[Chicago Parking Meters LLC]] investors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/city-hall/2022/5/26/23143356/chicago-parking-meters-75-year-lease-daley-city-council-audit-skyway-loop-garages-krislov |title=Parking meter deal gets even worse for Chicago taxpayers, annual audit shows |date=May 26, 2022 |publisher=Chicago Sun TImes |access-date=August 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526231258/https://chicago.suntimes.com/city-hall/2022/5/26/23143356/chicago-parking-meters-75-year-lease-daley-city-council-audit-skyway-loop-garages-krislov |archive-date=May 26, 2022}}</ref> ====Expressways==== {{Further|Roads and expressways in Chicago}} Seven mainline and four auxiliary [[Interstate Highway System|interstate highways]] ([[Interstate 55 in Illinois|55]], [[Interstate 57|57]], [[Interstate 65 in Indiana|65]] (only in Indiana), [[Interstate 80 in Illinois|80]] (also in [[Interstate 80 in Indiana|Indiana]]), [[Interstate 88 (west)|88]], [[Interstate 90 in Illinois|90]] (also in [[Indiana Toll Road|Indiana]]), [[Interstate 94 in Illinois|94]] (also in [[Interstate 94 in Indiana|Indiana]]), [[Interstate 190 (Illinois)|190]], [[Interstate 290 (Illinois)|290]], [[Interstate 294|294]], and [[Interstate 355|355]]) run through Chicago and its suburbs. Segments that link to the city center are named after influential politicians, with three of them named after former U.S. Presidents (Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Reagan) and one named after two-time Democratic candidate [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]]. The [[Kennedy Expressway|Kennedy]] and [[Dan Ryan Expressway|Dan Ryan]] Expressways are the busiest state maintained routes in the entire state of Illinois.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dot.il.gov/trafficmaps/table.htm |title=Illinois Department of Transportation |publisher=Dot.il.gov |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528044022/http://www.dot.il.gov/trafficmaps/table.htm |archive-date=May 28, 2010}}</ref> ====Transit systems==== [[File:Chicago (ILL) Union Station, great Hall, 1925.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Chicago Union Station]], opened in 1925, is the third-busiest passenger rail terminal in the United States.]] The [[Regional Transportation Authority (Illinois)|Regional Transportation Authority]] (RTA) coordinates the operation of the three service boards: CTA, Metra, and Pace. * The [[Chicago Transit Authority]] (CTA) handles public transportation in the City of Chicago and a few adjacent suburbs outside of the Chicago city limits. The CTA operates an extensive network of buses and a [[rapid transit]] elevated and subway system known as [[Chicago "L"|the Chicago "L" or just the "L"]] (short for "elevated"), with lines designated by colors. These rapid transit lines also serve both [[Chicago Midway International Airport|Midway]] and O'Hare Airports. The CTA's rail lines consist of the [[Red Line (Chicago Transit Authority)|Red]], [[Blue Line (Chicago Transit Authority)|Blue]], [[Green Line (Chicago Transit Authority)|Green]], [[Orange Line (Chicago Transit Authority)|Orange]], [[Brown Line (Chicago Transit Authority)|Brown]], [[Purple Line (Chicago Transit Authority)|Purple]], [[Pink Line (Chicago Transit Authority)|Pink]], and [[Yellow Line (Chicago Transit Authority)|Yellow]] lines. Both the Red and Blue lines offer 24‑hour service which makes Chicago one of a handful of cities around the world (and one of two in the United States, the other being New York City) to offer rail service 24 hours a day, every day of the year, within the city's limits. * [[Metra]], the nation's second-most used passenger regional rail network, operates an 11-line [[commuter rail]] service in Chicago and throughout the Chicago suburbs. The [[Metra Electric Line]] shares its trackage with Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District's [[South Shore Line (NICTD)|South Shore Line]], which provides commuter service between [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] and Chicago. * [[Pace (transit)|Pace]] provides bus and [[paratransit]] service in over 200 surrounding suburbs with some extensions into the city as well. A 2005 study found that one quarter of commuters used public transit.<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm "New Yorkers are top transit users"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516222801/http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm |date=May 16, 2008 }}, by Les Christie,''CNNmoney.com'', June 29, 2007. Retrieved September 21, 2009.</ref> [[Greyhound Lines]] provides inter-city bus service to and from the city at the [[Chicago Bus Station]], and Chicago is also the hub for the Midwest network of [[Megabus (North America)]]. ====Passenger rail==== [[File:20110821 AmtrakEmpireBuilder.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Amtrak]] train on the [[Empire Builder]] route departs Chicago from [[Chicago Union Station|Union Station]].]] [[Amtrak]] long distance and [[commuter rail]] services originate from [[Union Station (Chicago)|Union Station]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amtrak |url=https://chicagounionstation.com/travel/amtrak |website=Chicago Union Station |access-date=June 30, 2023 |archive-date=June 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630014904/https://chicagounionstation.com/travel/amtrak |url-status=live }}</ref> Chicago is one of the largest hubs of passenger rail service in the nation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Garcia |first1=Evan |title=Chicago Highlighted as the US Railroad Capital by Trains Magazine |url=https://news.wttw.com/2017/02/23/chicago-highlighted-us-railroad-capital-trains-magazine |access-date=June 30, 2023 |work=WTTW News |date=February 23, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=April 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417070254/https://news.wttw.com/2017/02/23/chicago-highlighted-us-railroad-capital-trains-magazine |url-status=live }}</ref> The services terminate in the San Francisco area, Washington, D.C., New York City, New Orleans, [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Seattle]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Quincy, Illinois|Quincy]], [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Carbondale, Illinois|Carbondale]], Boston, [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]], [[Port Huron, Michigan|Port Huron]], [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]], Los Angeles, and [[San Antonio]]. Future services will terminate at [[Rockford, Illinois|Rockford]] and [[Moline, Illinois|Moline]]. An attempt was made in the early 20th century to link Chicago with New York City via the [[Chicago – New York Electric Air Line Railroad]]. Parts of this were built, but it was never completed. ====Bicycle and scooter sharing systems==== In July 2013, the [[bicycle-sharing system]] [[Divvy]] was launched with 750 bikes and 75 docking stations<ref>{{cite press release |title=Chicago Welcomes Divvy Bike Sharing System |url=http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/cdot/provdrs/bike/news/2013/jul/chicago_welcomesdivvybikesharingsystem.html |publisher=[[Mayor of Chicago]] |date=July 1, 2013 |access-date=December 1, 2019}}</ref> It is operated by [[Lyft]] for the [[Chicago Department of Transportation]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Buckley |first1=Madeline |title=Divvy to get $50 million upgrade from Lyft investment in exchange for ride revenue under contract proposal |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-met-divvy-expansion-deal-20190312-story.html |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=March 12, 2019 |access-date=December 1, 2019 |archive-date=May 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513181450/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-met-divvy-expansion-deal-20190312-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of July 2019, Divvy operated 5800 bicycles at 608 stations, covering almost all of the city, excluding [[Pullman, Chicago|Pullman]], Rosedale, [[Beverly, Chicago|Beverly]], [[Belmont Cragin, Chicago|Belmont Cragin]] and [[Edison Park, Chicago|Edison Park]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/transportation/ct-biz-divvy-bike-share-south-side-getting-around-20190708-6ky2nlk6zvhuzisj45xroroju4-story.html |title=City gets ready to spread Divvy bikes to Far South Side |last=Wisniwski |first=Mary |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=June 8, 2019 |access-date=October 28, 2019 |archive-date=October 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028144350/https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/transportation/ct-biz-divvy-bike-share-south-side-getting-around-20190708-6ky2nlk6zvhuzisj45xroroju4-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2019, The City of Chicago announced its Chicago's Electric Shared Scooter Pilot Program, scheduled to run from June 15 to October 15.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2019/05/02/city-of-chicago-announces-e-scooter-pilot-program-and-call-for-vendors/ |title=City Of Chicago Announces E-Scooter Pilot Program And Call For Vendors |publisher=CBS 2 |date=May 2, 2019 |access-date=December 1, 2019 |archive-date=March 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305121003/https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2019/05/02/city-of-chicago-announces-e-scooter-pilot-program-and-call-for-vendors/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The program started on June 15 with 10 different scooter companies, including scooter sharing market leaders [[Bird (company)|Bird]], [[Jump (transportation company)|Jump]], [[Lime (transportation company)|Lime]] and [[Lyft]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-biz-cb-scooters-are-coming-20190611-story.html |title=Electric shared scooters have arrived in Chicago: Here's what you need to know |last=Wiesniewski |first=Mary |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=June 17, 2019 |access-date=December 1, 2019 |archive-date=September 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905225206/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-biz-cb-scooters-are-coming-20190611-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Each company was allowed to bring 250 [[Electric motorcycles and scooters|electric scooters]], although both Bird and Lime claimed that they experienced a higher demand for their scooters.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chicago.curbed.com/2019/8/16/20808590/bird-scooters-chicago-lyft-lime-electric |title=Just like Lime, Bird says biggest rider complaint is not enough scooters |last=Freund |first=Sara |website=[[Curbed]] Chicago |date=August 16, 2019 |access-date=December 1, 2019 |archive-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816195756/https://chicago.curbed.com/2019/8/16/20808590/bird-scooters-chicago-lyft-lime-electric |url-status=live }}</ref> The program ended on October 15, with nearly 800,000 rides taken.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gazettechicago.com/index/2019/11/should-chicago-keep-e-scooter-program-going/ |title=Should Chicago keep e-scooter program going? |last=Hofmann |first=Eva |newspaper=[[The Gazette (Chicago)|The Gazette]] |date=December 1, 2019 |access-date=December 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108171527/http://www.gazettechicago.com/index/2019/11/should-chicago-keep-e-scooter-program-going/ |archive-date=November 8, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Freight rail==== Chicago is the largest hub in the railroad industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.beltrailway.com/about-2/ |title=About |date=March 19, 2012 |access-date=April 20, 2016 |archive-date=April 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419211030/http://www2.beltrailway.com/about-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> All five [[Class I railroad]]s meet in Chicago. {{as of|2002}}, severe freight train congestion caused trains to take as long to get through the Chicago region as it took to get there from the West Coast of the country (about 2 days).<ref>{{cite web |last=Winsor |first=Jeromie |url=http://www.metroplanning.org/articleDetail.asp?objectID=1707 |title=Metropolitan Planning Council |publisher=Metroplanning.org |date=July 14, 2003 |access-date=May 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530063637/http://www.metroplanning.org/articleDetail.asp?objectID=1707 |archive-date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> According to U.S. Department of Transportation, the volume of imported and exported goods transported via rail to, from, or through Chicago is forecast to increase nearly 150 percent between 2010 and 2040.<ref>{{cite web |title=CREATE Program Benefits Fact Sheets |url=http://www.createprogram.org/benefits.htm |website=CREATE |access-date=July 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814015216/http://createprogram.org/benefits.htm |archive-date=August 14, 2015}}</ref> CREATE, the [[Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program]], comprises about 70 programs, including crossovers, overpasses and underpasses, that intend to significantly improve the speed of freight movements in the Chicago area.<ref>{{cite web |title=CREATE projects |url=http://www.createprogram.org/projects.htm |website=CREATE |publisher=CREATE.org |access-date=July 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813234025/http://createprogram.org/projects.htm |archive-date=August 13, 2015}}</ref> ====Airports==== {{Further|Transportation in Chicago#Airports}} [[File:Chicago O'Hare International Airport.jpg|thumb|[[O'Hare International Airport]]]] Chicago is served by [[O'Hare International Airport]], the world's busiest airport measured by airline operations,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aci.aero/News/Releases/Most-Recent/2016/04/04/ACI-releases-preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings- |title=Annual Traffic Data – 2015 Preliminary |work=[[Airports Council International]] |access-date=May 6, 2015 |archive-date=April 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405082544/http://www.aci.aero/News/Releases/Most-Recent/2016/04/04/ACI-releases-preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings- |url-status=live }}</ref> on the far Northwest Side, and [[Midway International Airport]] on the Southwest Side. In 2005, O'Hare was the world's busiest airport by aircraft movements and the second-busiest by total passenger traffic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airports.org/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/PR140306_2005_Prelim_Results.pdf |title=Preliminary Traffic Results for 2005 Show Firm Rebound (March 14, 2006) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623093321/http://www.airports.org/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/PR140306_2005_Prelim_Results.pdf |archive-date=June 23, 2006}} {{small|(520 KB)}}. ''Airports Council International''.</ref> Both O'Hare and Midway are owned and operated by the City of Chicago. [[Gary/Chicago International Airport]] and [[Chicago Rockford International Airport]], located in [[Gary, Indiana]] and [[Rockford, Illinois]], respectively, can serve as alternative Chicago area airports, however they do not offer as many commercial flights as O'Hare and Midway. In recent years the state of Illinois has been leaning towards [[Proposed Chicago south suburban airport|building an entirely new airport]] in the Illinois suburbs of Chicago.<ref>{{cite news |last=Metsch |first=Steve |title=Top IDOT official says third airport will be built |url=http://www.suntimes.com/news/14080173-418/top-idot-official-says-third-airport-will-be-built.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801232449/http://www.suntimes.com/news/14080173-418/top-idot-official-says-third-airport-will-be-built.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 1, 2012 |access-date=June 11, 2013 |newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times}}</ref> The City of Chicago is the world headquarters for [[United Airlines]], the world's third-largest airline. ====Port authority==== {{Main|Port of Chicago}} The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities within the city of Chicago operated by the Illinois International Port District (formerly known as the Chicago Regional Port District). The central element of the Port District, Calumet Harbor, is maintained by the [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Calumet Harbor and River |url=http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/Missions/CivilWorksProjects/CalumetHarborandRiver.aspx |work=[[US Army Corps of Engineers]] |access-date=June 12, 2013 |archive-date=June 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610095421/http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/Missions/CivilWorksProjects/CalumetHarborandRiver.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> * Iroquois Landing Lakefront Terminal: at the mouth of the Calumet River, it includes {{convert|100|acre|km2}} of warehouses and facilities on Lake Michigan with over {{convert|780,000|m2|ft2|abbr=off|sp=us}} of storage. * Lake Calumet terminal: located at the union of the [[Grand Calumet River]] and [[Little Calumet River]] {{convert|6|mi|km}} inland from Lake Michigan. Includes three transit sheds totaling over {{convert|29,000|m2|ft2|abbr=off|sp=us}} adjacent to over 900 linear meters (3,000 linear feet) of ship and barge berthing. * Grain (14 million bushels) and bulk liquid (800,000 barrels) storage facilities along [[Lake Calumet]]. * The Illinois International Port district also operates [[Foreign trade zones of the United States|Foreign trade zone]] No. 22, which extends {{convert|60|mi|km}} from Chicago's city limits. ===Utilities=== Electricity for most of [[northern Illinois]] is provided by [[Commonwealth Edison]], also known as ComEd. Their service territory borders [[Iroquois County, Illinois|Iroquois County]] to the south, the [[Wisconsin]] border to the north, the [[Iowa]] border to the west and the [[Indiana]] border to the east. In northern Illinois, ComEd (a division of [[Exelon]]) operates the greatest number of nuclear generating plants in any U.S. state. Because of this, ComEd reports indicate that Chicago receives about 75% of its electricity from nuclear power. Recently, the city began installing wind turbines on government buildings to promote renewable energy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iit.edu/~ipro307f/faq.html |title=IIT.edu |publisher=IIT.edu |date=June 20, 2003 |access-date=May 4, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080605021018/http://www.iit.edu/~ipro307f/faq.html |archive-date = June 5, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kentlaw.edu/news/advisory/adv030707.html |title=KentLaw.edu |publisher=KentLaw.edu |access-date=May 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203000/http://www.kentlaw.edu/news/advisory/adv030707.html |archive-date=September 27, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Martin LaMonica Staff Writer |author2=CNET News |url=http://news.cnet.com/Micro+wind+turbines+are+coming+to+town/2100-11398_3-6037539.html |title='Micro' wind turbines are coming to town | CNET News.com |publisher=news.cnet.com |access-date=May 4, 2009 |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113341/https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/micro-wind-turbines-are-coming-to-town/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Natural gas is provided by Peoples Gas, a subsidiary of [[Integrys Energy Group]], which is headquartered in Chicago. Domestic and industrial waste was once incinerated but it is now [[landfill]]ed, mainly in the [[Lake Calumet|Calumet area]]. From 1995 to 2008, the city had a [[blue bag]] program to divert recyclable refuse from landfills.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1322.html |title=Waste Disposal |publisher=Encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org |access-date=March 31, 2012 |archive-date=June 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605002907/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1322.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Because of low participation in the blue bag programs, the city began a pilot program for blue bin recycling like other cities. This proved successful and blue bins were rolled out across the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wbez.org/series/curious-city/what-really-happens-chicagos-blue-cart-recycling-112302 |title=What really happens to Chicago's blue cart recycling? |last1=Bentley |first1=Chris |date=July 1, 2015 |website=WBEZ91.5 Chicago Public Media |publisher=Chicago Public Media |access-date=December 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211143038/http://www.wbez.org/series/curious-city/what-really-happens-chicagos-blue-cart-recycling-112302 |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Health systems=== [[File:Prentice Chicago 060816.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Prentice Women's Hospital on the [[Northwestern Memorial Hospital]] Downtown Campus]] The [[Illinois Medical District]] is on the Near West Side. It includes [[Rush University Medical Center]], ranked as the second best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by ''U.S. News & World Report'' for 2014–16, the [[University of Illinois College of Medicine|University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago]], Jesse Brown VA Hospital, and [[John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County]], one of the busiest trauma centers in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Havertz |first=Rieke |title=Counting Bullets: A Night at a Chicago Trauma Unit |url=http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/north-america-chicago-stroger-hospital-cook-county-youth-violence-counting-bullets-night-chicago-trauma-unit |work=[[Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting]] |access-date=September 2, 2013 |archive-date=August 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823113103/http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/north-america-chicago-stroger-hospital-cook-county-youth-violence-counting-bullets-night-chicago-trauma-unit |url-status=live }}</ref> Two of the country's premier academic medical centers reside in Chicago, including [[Northwestern Memorial Hospital]] and the [[University of Chicago Medical Center]]. The Chicago campus of Northwestern University includes the [[Feinberg School of Medicine]]; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, which is ranked as the best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by ''U.S. News & World Report'' for 2017–18;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/chicago-il |title=Rankings |website=health.usnews.com |access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-date=February 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213095509/https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/chicago-il |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Shirley Ryan AbilityLab]] (formerly named the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago), which is ranked the best U.S. rehabilitation hospital by ''U.S. News & World Report'';<ref>{{cite web |title=Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago |url=http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/il/rehabilitation-institute-of-chicago-6431012 |work=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=September 2, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819161644/http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/il/rehabilitation-institute-of-chicago-6431012 |archive-date=August 19, 2013}}</ref> the new [[List of Northwestern University buildings#Prentice Women's Hospital|Prentice Women's Hospital]]; and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. The [[University of Illinois College of Medicine]] at UIC is the second largest medical school in the United States (2,600 students including those at campuses in Peoria, Rockford and [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign|Urbana–Champaign]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aamc.org/download/321526/data/factstableb1-2.pdf |title=Fact sheet |website=aamc.org |access-date=October 11, 2016 |archive-date=October 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016215352/https://www.aamc.org/download/321526/data/factstableb1-2.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, the [[Chicago Medical School]] and Loyola University Chicago's [[Stritch School of Medicine]] are located in the suburbs of [[North Chicago, Illinois|North Chicago]] and [[Maywood, Illinois|Maywood]], respectively. The [[Midwestern University]] Chicago College of [[Osteopathic medicine in the United States|Osteopathic Medicine]] is in [[Downers Grove, Illinois|Downers Grove]]. The [[American Medical Association]], [[Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education]], [[Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education]], [[American Osteopathic Association]], [[American Dental Association]], [[Academy of General Dentistry]], [[Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics]], [[American Association of Nurse Anesthetists]], [[American College of Surgeons]], [[American Society for Clinical Pathology]], American College of Healthcare Executives, the [[American Hospital Association]] and [[Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association]] are all based in Chicago. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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