Russia

=== Tourism ===
{{Main|Tourism in Russia}}
[[File:Grand Cascade in Peterhof 01.jpg|thumb|[[Peterhof Palace]] in Saint Petersburg, a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]]]
According to the [[World Tourism Organization]], Russia was the sixteenth-most visited country in the world, and the tenth-most visited country in Europe, in 2018, with over 24.6 million visits.<ref name="unwto">{{Cite journal |url=https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.6 |title=UNWTO World Tourism Barometer |journal=UNWTO World Tourism Barometer English Version |publisher=[[World Tourism Organization]] (UNWTO) |year=2020 |volume=18 |page=18 |language=en |doi=10.18111/wtobarometereng |issn=1728-9246 |issue=6}}</ref> According to [[Federal Agency for Tourism (Russia)|Federal Agency for Tourism]], the number of inbound trips of foreign citizens to Russia amounted to 24.4 million in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ru:Выборочная статистическая информация, рассчитанная в соответствии с Официальной статистической методологией оценки числа въездных и выездных туристских поездок – Ростуризм |trans-title=Selected statistical information calculated in accordance with the Official Statistical Methodology for Estimating the Number of Inbound and Outbound Tourist Trips – Rostourism |url=https://tourism.gov.ru/contents/statistika/statisticheskie-pokazateli-vzaimnykh-poezdok-grazhdan-rossiyskoy-federatsii-i-grazhdan-inostrannykh-gosudarstv/vyborochnaya-statisticheskaya-informatsiya-rasschitannaya-v-sootvetstvii-s-ofitsialnoy-statisticheskoy-metodologiey-otsenki-chisla-vezdnykh-i-vyezdnykh-turistskikh-poezdok/ |access-date=11 November 2020 |website=tourism.gov.ru |publisher=[[Federal Agency for Tourism (Russia)]] |language=ru |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122202242/https://tourism.gov.ru/contents/statistika/statisticheskie-pokazateli-vzaimnykh-poezdok-grazhdan-rossiyskoy-federatsii-i-grazhdan-inostrannykh-gosudarstv/vyborochnaya-statisticheskaya-informatsiya-rasschitannaya-v-sootvetstvii-s-ofitsialnoy-statisticheskoy-metodologiey-otsenki-chisla-vezdnykh-i-vyezdnykh-turistskikh-poezdok/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Russia's international tourism receipts in 2018 amounted to $11.6 billion.<ref name="unwto" /> In 2019, travel and tourism accounted for about 4.8% of country's total GDP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://knoema.com/atlas/Russian-Federation/topics/Tourism/Travel-and-Tourism-Total-Contribution-to-GDP/Contribution-of-travel-and-tourism-to-GDP-percent-of-GDP|title=Russian Federation Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP (% of GDP), 1995–2019 |website=Knoema}}</ref>

Major tourist routes in Russia include a journey around the [[Golden Ring of Russia]], a [[theme route]] of ancient Russian cities, cruises on large rivers such as the Volga, hikes on mountain ranges such as the [[Caucasus Mountains]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Tomb |first=Howard |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/27/travel/getting-to-the-top-in-the-caucasus.html |title=Getting to the Top In the Caucasus |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=27 August 1989 |access-date=4 December 2021|url-access=limited}}</ref> and journeys on the famous [[Trans-Siberian Railway]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-unwto.org/content/r13521/fulltext.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112082549/http://www.e-unwto.org/content/r13521/fulltext.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 January 2015 |title=Tourism Highlights 2014 |publisher=UNWTO (World Tourism Organization) |year=2014 |access-date=20 January 2015}}</ref> Russia's most visited and popular landmarks include [[Red Square]], the [[Peterhof Palace]], the [[Kazan Kremlin]], the [[Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius]] and Lake Baikal.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vlasov |first=Artem |date=17 December 2018|script-title=ru:Названы самые популярные достопримечательности России|trans-title=The most popular sights of Russia are named |url=https://iz.ru/824446/2018-12-17/nazvany-samye-populiarnye-dostoprimechatelnosti-rossii |access-date=15 December 2020 |website=[[Izvestia]] |language=ru}}</ref>

Moscow, the nation's cosmopolitan capital and historic core, is a bustling [[megacity]]. It retains its classical and Soviet-era architecture; while boasting high art, world class ballet, and [[Moscow International Business Center|modern skyscrapers]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/russia/moscow/articles/moscow-travel-guide/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/russia/moscow/articles/moscow-travel-guide/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=48 hours in... Moscow, an insider guide to Russia's mighty metropolis |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=7 March 2021 |access-date=4 December 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Saint Petersburg]], the Imperial capital, is famous for its classical architecture, cathedrals, museums and theatres, [[White Nights Festival|white nights]], criss-crossing rivers and numerous canals.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hammer |first=Joshua |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=3 June 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/travel/russias-white-nights-in-st-petersburg.html |title=White Nights of St. Petersburg, Russia |access-date=4 December 2021|url-access=limited}}</ref> Russia is famed worldwide for its rich museums, such as the [[Russian Museum|State Russian]], the [[Hermitage Museum|State Hermitage]], and the [[Tretyakov Gallery]]; and for theatres such as the [[Bolshoi Theatre|Bolshoi]] and the [[Mariinsky Theatre|Mariinsky]]. The [[Moscow Kremlin]] and the [[Saint Basil's Cathedral]] are among the cultural landmarks of Russia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/545/|access-date=20 February 2022|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>