Protestantism

===Pietism===
{{Main|Pietism|Haugean movement}}
[[Pietism]] was an influential movement within [[Lutheranism]] that combined the 17th-century Lutheran principles with the [[Calvinism|Reformed]] emphasis on individual piety and living a vigorous [[Christianity|Christian]] life.<ref>In places, such as parts of England and America, where Pietism was frequently juxtaposed with Catholicism, Catholics also became naturally influenced by Pietism, helping to foster a stronger tradition of congregational hymn-singing, including among Pietists who converted to Catholicism and brought their pietistic inclination with them, such as [[Frederick William Faber]].</ref>

It began in the late 17th century, reached its zenith in the mid-18th century, and declined through the 19th century, and had almost vanished in America by the end of the 20th century. While declining as an identifiable Lutheran group, some of its theological tenets influenced Protestantism generally, inspiring the [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] priest [[John Wesley]] to begin the [[Methodism|Methodist]] movement and [[Alexander Mack]] to begin the [[Schwarzenau Brethren|Brethren]] movement under an influence of [[Anabaptists]].<ref>Meier, Marcus (2008). The Origin of the Schwarzenau Brethren. Philadelphia: Brethren Encyclopedia. p. 144.</ref>

Though Pietism shares an emphasis on personal behavior with the [[Puritan]] movement, and the two are often confused, there are important differences, particularly in the concept of the role of religion in government.<ref>Calvinist Puritans believed that government was ordained by God to enforce Christian behavior upon the world; pietists see the government as a part of the world, and believers were called to voluntarily live faithful lives independent of government.</ref>

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File:Philipp Jakob Spener.jpg|[[Philipp Jakob Spener]], a German pioneer and founder of [[Pietism]]
File:Pietism.JPG|Pietism has had a strong cultural influence in [[Scandinavia]]
File:Der breite und der schmale Weg 2008.jpg|''The Broad and the Narrow Way'', an 1866 German Pietist painting
</gallery>