Bachelor's degree

====Germany====
Historically, the bachelor's degree, called "''Bakkalaureus''", existed in Germany since the late Middle Ages. But it was abolished by the educational reforms undertaken in 1820. The [[Abitur]] degree – the final degree received in school after a specialized 'college phase' of two years – replaced it, and universities only awarded graduate degrees.

The [[Magister (degree)|magister]] degree, a graduate degree, was awarded after five years of study. In 1899, a second graduate degree, the [[diplom]], was introduced when the ''[[Technische Hochschule]]n'' (TH) received university status. With the introduction of the [[Fachhochschule|universities of applied sciences]], a shortened version of the latter, referred to as ''Diplom (FH)'' and designed to take three to four years, was phased in between 1969 and 1972.

However, in 1998, in order to comply with the European ''Bologna process'', a new educational law reintroduced the bachelor's degree (first degree after three years of study) in Germany. Today, these degrees can be called either "''Bakkalaureus''" or "bachelor" (in accordance with federal law), but the English term is more common. According to the Bologna model, the bachelor is followed by the post-graduate master's degree of another two years. The traditional degrees of diplom and magister were mostly abolished in 2010, although the diplom still persists in a few subjects and universities and has been reintroduced as alternative degree in some places.

The traditional degrees have been re-mapped to the new [[European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System]] (ECTS) point system to make them comparable to the new bachelor's degree. Traditional and Bologna process degrees are ranked as follows in Germany:

* Bachelor: 180, 210, or 240 ECTS points required;
* Diplom FH: 240 ECTS;
* Diplom Uni or TH: 300 ECTS;
* Master: 300 ECTS (including bachelor).
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