Vancouver

===Early growth===
[[File:Maple Tree Corner Vancouver 1886.jpg|thumb|View of [[Gastown]] from Carrall and [[Water Street, Vancouver|Water Street]] in 1886. Gastown was a settlement that quickly became a centre for trade and commerce on Burrard Inlet.]]
The [[Fraser Canyon Gold Rush|Fraser Gold Rush]] of 1858 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from [[California]], to nearby [[New Westminster]] (founded February 14, 1859) on the Fraser River, on their way to the [[Fraser Canyon]], bypassing what would become Vancouver.<ref name="Vancouver's past">{{cite book |last1=Hull |first1=Raymond |title=Vancouver's Past |publisher=University of Washington Press |year=1974 |location=Seattle |first2=Christine |last2=Soules |first3=Gordon |last3=Soules |isbn=978-0-295-95364-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=McGowan's War |publisher=New Star Books |isbn=1-55420-001-6 |first=Donald J. |last=Hauka |year=2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Matthews |first=J. Skitt |title=Early Vancouver |publisher=City of Vancouver |year=1936 |author-link=J. S. Matthews}}</ref> Vancouver is among British Columbia's youngest cities;<ref name="Horizons">{{cite book |last1=Cranny |first1=Michael |last2=Jarvis |first2=Graham |last3=Moles |first3=Garvin |last4=Seney |first4=Bruce |title=Horizons: Canada Moves West |publisher=Prentice Hall Ginn Canada |year=1999 |location=Scarborough, ON |isbn=978-0-13-012367-1}}</ref> the first European settlement in what is now Vancouver was not until 1862 at McCleery's Farm on the Fraser River, just east of the ancient village of [[Musqueam Indian Band|Musqueam]] in what is now [[Marpole]]. A sawmill was established at Moodyville (now the [[City of North Vancouver]]) in 1863, beginning the city's long relationship with logging. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the south shore of the inlet. Stamp, who had begun logging in the [[Port Alberni]] area, first attempted to run a mill at [[Brockton Point]], but difficult currents and reefs forced the relocation of the operation in 1867 to a point near the foot of Dunlevy Street. This mill, known as the [[Hastings Mill]], became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed. The mill's central role in the city waned after the arrival of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] (CPR) in the 1880s. It nevertheless remained important to the local economy until it closed in the 1920s.<ref name="GVB">{{cite book |last=Davis |first=Chuck |title=The Greater Vancouver Book: An Urban Encyclopaedia |publisher=Linkman Press |year=1997 |location=Surrey, British Columbia |pages=39–47 |isbn=1-896846-00-9}}</ref> The settlement, which came to be called [[Gastown]], proliferated around the original makeshift tavern established by [[Gassy Jack]] in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property.<ref name="Horizons" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gastown.org/history/index.html |title=Welcome to Gastown |date=March 28, 2008 |publisher=Gastown Business Improvement Society |access-date=December 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125034053/http://www.gastown.org/history/index.html |archive-date=November 25, 2009}}</ref>

In 1870, the [[Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)|colonial government]] surveyed the settlement and laid out a [[townsite]], renamed "[[Granville, British Columbia|Granville]]" in honour of the then–British [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]], [[Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville|Lord Granville]]. This site, with its natural harbour, was selected in 1884<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/chronology.html |title=Chronology[1757–1884] |access-date=June 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610223324/http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/chronology.html |archive-date=June 10, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> as the terminus for the Canadian Pacific Railway, to the disappointment of [[Port Moody]], New Westminster and [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]], all of which had vied to be the railhead. A railway was among the inducements for British Columbia to join the [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]] in 1871, but the [[Pacific Scandal]] and arguments over the use of Chinese labour delayed construction until the 1880s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Morton |first=James |title=[[In the Sea of Sterile Mountains: The Chinese in British Columbia]] |publisher=J.J. Douglas |year=1973 |location=Vancouver |isbn=978-0-88894-052-0}}</ref>