Unification Church

=== Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity (1954–1994) ===

Moon founded the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity (HSA-UWC) in [[Seoul]] on 1 May 1954. It expanded rapidly in South Korea and, by the end of 1955, had 30 centers nationwide.<ref name="Barker2012">{{Cite web |last=Barker |first=Eileen |date=2012-09-03 |title=My Take: Moon's death marks end of an era |url=https://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/09/03/my-take-moons-death-marks-end-of-an-era/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829065856/http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/09/03/my-take-moons-death-marks-end-of-an-era/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The HSA-UWC expanded throughout the world with most members living in South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, and other nations in [[East Asia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2012/0903/breaking1.html |title='Moonies' founder dies, aged 92 |date=September 3, 2012 |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=2012-09-04 |archive-date=4 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904082501/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2012/0903/breaking1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name= Barker2012/> In the 1970s, American HSA-UWC members were noted for raising money for Unification Church projects.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081214080032/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910836,00.html Moon-struck], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', 15 October 1973.</ref>

In 1955 the HSA-UWC founded The Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles (대학원리연구회)(CARP). According to CARP's website, its goal is to promote "intercultural, interracial, and international cooperation through the Unification world view".<ref>"In 1955, Reverend Moon established the Collegiate Association for the Research of the Principle (CARP). CARP is now active on many campuses in the United States and has expanded to over eighty nations. This association of students promotes intercultural, interracial, and international cooperation through the Unification world view." [http://www.unification.org/global_outreach.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105230509/http://www.unification.org/global_outreach.html|date=2018-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1 = Storey | first1 = John Woodrow | first2 = Glenn H. | last2 = Utter | title = Religion and Politics | publisher = ABC-CLIO | location = Santa Barbara | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-1-57607-218-9 | page = [https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics00stor/page/99 99] | url = https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics00stor/page/99 }}</ref> J. Isamu Yamamoto states in ''Unification Church'': "At times CARP has been very subtle about its association with the Unification Church, however, the link between the two has always been strong, since the purpose of both is to spread Moon's teachings."<ref>{{cite book | last = Yamamoto | first = J. |author2=Alan W Gomes |title = Unification Church | publisher = Zondervan | location = Grand Rapids | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-0-310-70381-5 |page=19}}</ref>

The HSA-UWC also sent missionaries to Europe. They entered [[Czechoslovakia]] in 1968 and remained underground until the 1990s.<ref name="nytimes.com">[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/14/news/14iht-czech.t.html "Czechs, Now "Naively" Seeking Direction, See Dangers in Cults"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 14, 1996</ref> Unification movement activity in South America began in the 1970s with missionary work. Later, the HSA-UWC made large investments in civic organizations and business projects, including an international newspaper.<ref name="NYT1996">[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/24/world/unification-church-gains-respect-in-latin-america.html "Unification Church Gains Respect in Latin America"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 24, 1996</ref> Starting in the 1990s, the HSA-UWC expanded in Russia and other former communist nations. [[Hak Ja Han]], Moon's wife, made a radio broadcast to the nation from the [[State Kremlin Palace]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20120909181622/http://www.greenleft.org.au/1997/276/16821 The Moonies in Moscow: a second coming?], ''[[Green Left Weekly]]'', 28 May 1997.</ref> As of 1994, the HSA-UWC had about 5,000 members in Russia.<ref name="A Less Secular Approach">[http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=7351 A Less Secular Approach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229180016/http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=7351 |date=2012-02-29 }}, ''The Saint Petersburg Times'', June 7, 2002</ref> About 500 Russian students had been sent to the US to participate in 40-day workshops.<ref name="schmemann1993">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/28/world/religion-returns-to-russia-with-a-vengeance.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Serge |last=Schmemann |title=Religion Returns to Russia, With a Vengeance |date=July 28, 1993}}</ref>

Moon moved to the United States in 1971, although he remained a citizen of the Republic of Korea. In the 1970s, he gave a series of public speeches in the United States, including one in [[Madison Square Garden]] in New York City in 1974; two in 1976 in [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] in New York City; and one on the grounds of the [[Washington Monument]] in Washington, D.C., where he spoke on "God's Hope for America" to 300,000 people. In 1975, the HSA-UWC held one of the [[list of largest peaceful gatherings in history|largest peaceful gatherings in history]], with 1.2 million people in [[Yeouido]], South Korea.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8t-9yx3oG4kC&q=yoido+rally |title=Lifestyle: Conversations with Members of Unification Church&nbsp;– "Quebedeaux, Richard"&nbsp;– Google Книги |access-date=2012-05-23|isbn=9780932894182 |last1=Quebedeaux |first1=Richard |year=1982 |publisher=Erick Rodriguez }}</ref>

In the 1970s, the Unification Church, along with some other new religious movements, became a target of the [[anti-cult movement]]. Activists have accused the movement of having [[brainwashing|"brainwashed"]] its members.<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|last=Reed|first=Christoper|title=The Rev Sun Myung Moon obituary Korean founder of the Unification Church – the Moonies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/02/rev-sun-myung-moon|access-date=10 September 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2 September 2012|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148871.htm|title=Japan|website=U.S. Department of State|access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref> In 1976, American Unification Church president [[Neil Albert Salonen]] met with Senator [[Bob Dole]] to defend the HSA-UWC against charges which were made by its critics, including the parents of some members.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7hIyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cOUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3636,2969007&hl=en Dole meeting with Moon aide called cordial], ''Lawrence Journal-World'', February 24, 1976</ref>

The Unification Church's involvement in the seafood industry began at the direction of Moon who ordered an expansion into "the oceanic providence." In 1976 and 1977 the Church invested nearly a million dollars into the United States seafood industry.<ref name="Tribune 2006" >[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/specials/chi-0604sushi-1-story,0,3736876.story Sushi and Rev. Moon: How Americans' growing appetite for sushi is helping to support his controversial church] [[Chicago Tribune]], April 11, 2006</ref> Moon delivered a speech in 1980 entitled "The Way of Tuna" in which he claimed that "After we build the boats, we catch the fish and process them for the market, and then have a distribution network. This is not just on the drawing board; I have already done it." and declared himself the "king of the ocean." He also suggested that they could get around the recently imposed 200 nautical miles [[exclusive economic zone]] by marrying American and Japanese members, allowing the Japanese ones to become American citizens, because once married, "we are not foreigners; therefore Japanese brothers, particularly those matched to Americans, are becoming ..... leaders for fishing and distribution." He also declared that "[[Gloucester, Massachusetts|Gloucester]] is almost a Moonie town now!"<ref name="Tribune 2006" />

In 1976 UC members founded [[News World Communications]], an international [[news media]] [[corporation]].<ref name="Columbia Journalism Review">{{cite web |url=https://www.cjr.org/resources/index.php?c=newsworld |title=Who Owns What: News World Communications |access-date=2008-02-02 |date=2003-11-24 |work=The Columbia Journalism Review |archive-date=2012-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728094939/http://www.cjr.org/resources/index.php?c=newsworld |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its first two newspapers, ''The News World'' (later renamed the ''[[New York City Tribune]]'') and the Spanish-language ''Noticias del Mundo,'' were published in New York from 1976 until the early 1990s. In 1982 ''[[The New York Times]]'' described ''News World'' as "the newspaper unit of the Unification Church."<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F00E5DA1238F93BA25756C0A964948260 rSun Myung Moon Paper Appears in Washington] from ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> Moon's son [[Hyun Jin Moon]] is its chairman of the board.<ref>[http://www.upiasia.com/Society_Culture/2008/11/17/global_peace_festival_stirs_japan/1944/ Global Peace Festival stirs Japan] [[United Press International]] November 17, 2008</ref> News World Communications owns [[United Press International]], ''The World and I'', ''Tiempos del Mundo'' (Latin America), ''The Segye Ilbo'' (South Korea), ''The Sekai Nippo'' (Japan), the ''Zambezi Times'' (South Africa), ''The Middle East Times'' (Egypt).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/|title=Yahoo Finance – Business Finance, Stock Market, Quotes, News|website=finance.yahoo.com|access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref> Until 2008 it published the Washington, D.C.-based newsmagazine ''[[Insight on the News]]''.<ref name="Columbia Journalism Review"/> Until 2010, it owned ''[[The Washington Times]]''. On November 2, 2010, Sun Myung Moon and a group of former ''Times'' editors purchased the paper from News World.<ref>{{cite news|title=Moon group buys back Washington Times|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=November 3, 2010|page=C1|first=Ian|last=Shapira}}</ref>

Starting in the 1980s, Moon instructed HSA-UWC members to take part in a program called "Home Church" in which they reached out to neighbors and community members through public service.<ref>[[Patrick Hickey (politician)|Patrick Hickey]] ''Tahoe Boy: A journey back home'' John, Maryland, Seven Locks Press (2009) {{ISBN|978-0-9822293-6-1}} pp. 163–168</ref>

In April 1990, Moon visited the [[Soviet Union]] and met with President [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]. Moon expressed support for the political and economic transformations underway in the Soviet Union. At the same time, the movement was expanding into formerly communist nations.<ref name="query.nytimes.com">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE5D61F39F937A25752C1A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; New Flock for Moon Church: The Changing Soviet Student] from ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref>

The [[Women's Federation for World Peace]](세계평화여성연합,WFWP) was founded in 1992 by Hak Ja Han. Its stated purpose is to encourage women to work more actively in promoting peace in their communities and greater society. It has members in 143 countries.<ref name="kansas">{{cite news | title =Moon's wife to speak in Lawrence | work=[[The Kansas City Star]] | page=E10 | publisher =The Kansas City Star Co. | date =June 19, 1993}}</ref><ref name="eventworks">{{cite news | last =Cuda | first =Amanda | title =Event works for understanding through friendships | work =[[Connecticut Post]] | page =Section: Womanwise | date =December 28, 2004}}</ref><ref name="wifetospeak">{{cite news | last =Peterson | first =Thair | title =Bridging the Interracial Gap | work =[[Long Beach Press-Telegram]] | page =A3 | date =March 21, 1998}}</ref>