Thomas Aquinas

===Naples, Orvieto, Rome (1259–1268)===
In 1259, Thomas completed his first regency at the ''[[studium generale]]'' and left Paris so that others in his order could gain this teaching experience. He returned to Naples where he was appointed as general preacher by the provincial chapter of 29 September 1260. In September 1261 he was called to [[Orvieto]] as conventual lector, where he was responsible for the pastoral formation of the friars unable to attend a ''studium generale''. In Orvieto, Thomas completed his ''[[Summa contra Gentiles]]'', wrote the ''Catena aurea'' (''The Golden Chain''),{{sfn|Healy|2003|p=4}} and produced works for [[Pope Urban IV]] such as the liturgy for the newly created [[feast of Corpus Christi]] and the ''[[Contra Errores Graecorum|Contra errores graecorum]]'' (''Against the Errors of the Greeks'').{{sfn|Davies|2004|p=4}} Some of the hymns that Thomas wrote for the feast of Corpus Christi are still sung today, such as the ''[[Pange lingua gloriosi corporis mysterium|Pange lingua]]'' (whose final two verses are the famous ''[[Tantum ergo]]''), and ''[[Panis angelicus]]''. Modern scholarship has confirmed that Thomas was indeed the author of these texts, a point that some had contested.{{sfn|Torrell|2005|pp=129–132}}

In February 1265, the newly elected [[Pope Clement IV]] summoned Thomas to Rome to serve as papal theologian. This same year, he was ordered by the Dominican Chapter of Agnani<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/a65.html |title=Acta Capituli Provincialis OP Anagnie 1265 |website= corpusthomisticum.org}}</ref> to teach at the ''[[Medieval university|studium]]'' ''conventuale'' at the Roman [[convent]] of [[Santa Sabina]], founded in 1222.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://archive.org/details/MN5081ucmf_3 |title=Compendium historiae Ordinis Praedicatorum [microform] |last=Walz |first=Angelus |date=4 December 1930 |publisher=Romae : Herder |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The ''studium'' at Santa Sabina now became an experiment for the Dominicans, the Order's first ''studium provinciale'', an intermediate school between the ''studium conventuale'' and the ''studium generale''. Prior to this time, the Roman Province had offered no specialized education of any sort, no arts, no philosophy; only simple convent schools, with their basic courses in theology for resident friars, were functioning in Tuscany and the meridionale during the first several decades of the order's life. The new ''studium provinciale'' at Santa Sabina was to be a more advanced school for the province.{{sfn|Mulchahey|1998|p=279}} [[Bartholomew of Lucca|Tolomeo da Lucca]], an associate and early biographer of Thomas, tells us that at the Santa Sabina ''studium'' Thomas taught the full range of philosophical subjects, both moral and natural.<ref>{{cite book| chapter-url= http://www.third-millennium-library.com/PDF/Authors/Gregorovius/history-of-rome-city_5_2.pdf | first= Ferdinand | last= Gregorovius|quote= Tenuit studium Rome, quasi totam Philosophiam, sive Moralem, sive Naturalem exposuit| chapter= Ptolomaei Lucensis historia ecclesiastica nova, xxii, c. 24| title= History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages| volume= V| number= Part II, 617, Note 2 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111005105213/http://www.third-millennium-library.com/PDF/Authors/Gregorovius/history-of-rome-city_5_2.pdf| archive-date=5 October 2011}}</ref>

While at the Santa Sabina ''studium provinciale'', Thomas began his most famous work, the ''[[Summa Theologica|Summa Theologiae]]'',{{sfn|Healy|2003|p=4}} which he conceived specifically suited to beginner students: "Because a doctor of Catholic truth ought not only to teach the proficient, but to him pertains also to instruct beginners. As the Apostle says in 1 Corinthians 3:1–2, ''as to infants in Christ, I gave you milk to drink, not meat'', our proposed intention in this work is to convey those things that pertain to the Christian religion in a way that is fitting to the instruction of beginners."<ref>''Summa theologiae'', I, 1, prooemium: "Quia Catholicae veritatis doctor non-solum provectos debet instruere, sed ad eum pertinet etiam incipientes erudire, secundum illud apostoli I ad Corinth. III, tanquam parvulis in Christo, lac vobis potum dedi, non-escam; propositum nostrae intentionis in hoc opere est, ea quae ad Christianam religionem pertinent, eo modo tradere, secundum quod congruit ad eruditionem incipientium."</ref> While there he also wrote a variety of other works like his unfinished ''Compendium Theologiae'' and ''Responsio ad fr. Ioannem Vercellensem de articulis 108 sumptis ex opere Petri de Tarentasia'' (''Reply to Brother John of Vercelli Regarding 108 Articles Drawn from the Work of Peter of Tarentaise'').{{sfn|Stump|2003|p=xvii}}

In his position as head of the ''studium'', Thomas conducted a series of important disputations on the power of God, which he compiled into his ''De potentia''.{{sfn|Davies|2004|p=5}} Nicholas Brunacci [1240–1322] was among Thomas's students at the Santa Sabina ''studium provinciale'' and later at the Paris ''studium generale''. In November 1268, he was with Thomas and his associate and secretary [[Reginald of Piperno]] as they left Viterbo on their way to Paris to begin the academic year.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.brunacci.it/s--tommaso.html |title=Brunacci.it – Le famiglie Brunacci |website= brunacci.it}}</ref> Another student of Thomas's at the Santa Sabina ''studium provinciale'' was [[Beatification|Blessed]] Tommasello da Perugia.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92060 |title=Beato Tommasello da Perugia su santiebeati.it |website=Santiebeati.it}}</ref>

Thomas remained at the ''studium'' at Santa Sabina from 1265 until he was called back to Paris in 1268 for a second teaching regency.{{sfn|Davies|2004|p=5}} With his departure for Paris in 1268 and the passage of time, the pedagogical activities of the ''studium provinciale'' at Santa Sabina were divided between two campuses. A new [[convent]] of the Order at the Church of [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]] began in 1255 as a community for women converts but grew rapidly in size and importance after being given over to the Dominicans friars in 1275.<ref name="auto" /> In 1288, the theology component of the provincial curriculum for the education of the friars was relocated from the Santa Sabina ''studium provinciale'' to the ''studium conventuale'' at Santa Maria sopra Minerva, which was redesignated as a ''studium particularis theologiae''.{{sfn|Mulchahey|1998|p=323}} This ''studium'' was transformed in the 16th century into the College of Saint Thomas ({{lang-la|Collegium Divi Thomæ}}). In the 20th century, the college was relocated to the convent of [[Santi Domenico e Sisto|Saints Dominic and Sixtus]] and was transformed into the [[Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas|Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum'']].