The New York Times

===1945–1998===
{{Main|History of The New York Times (1945–1998)}}
Following [[World War II]], ''The New York Times'' continued to expand.{{Sfn|Berger|1951|p=541-542}} The ''Times'' was subject to investigations from the [[United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security|Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]], a [[McCarthyism|McCarthyist]] subcommittee that investigated purported communism from within press institutions. [[Arthur Hays Sulzberger]]'s decision to dismiss a copyreader who plead the [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fifth Amendment]] drew ire from within the ''Times'' and from external organizations.{{Sfn|Talese|1981|p=289}} In April 1961, Sulzberger resigned, appointing his son-in-law, [[The New York Times Company]] president [[Orvil Dryfoos]].{{Sfn|Talese|1981|p=27}} Under Dryfoos, ''The New York Times'' established a newspaper based in [[Los Angeles]].{{Sfn|Talese|1981|p=343}} In 1962, the implementation of automated [[printing press]]es in response to increasing costs mounted fears over [[technological unemployment]]. The New York Typographical Union staged [[1962–1963 New York City newspaper strike|a strike]] in December, altering the media consumption of New Yorkers. The strike left New York with three remaining newspapers—the ''Times'', the [[New York Daily News|''Daily News'']], and the ''[[New York Post]]''—by its conclusion in March 1963.{{Sfn|Talese|1981|p=364-368}} In May, Dryfoos died of a heart ailment.{{Sfn|Talese|1981|p=396}} Following weeks of ambiguity, [[Arthur Ochs Sulzberger]] became ''The New York Times''{{'}}s publisher.{{Sfn|Talese|1981|p=380-383}}

Technological advancements leveraged by newspapers such as the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' and improvements in coverage from ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' necessitated adaptations to nascent computing.{{Sfn|Talese|1981|p=403-405}} ''The New York Times'' published "[[Heed Their Rising Voices]]" in 1960, a full-page advertisement purchased by supporters of [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] criticizing law enforcement in [[Montgomery, Alabama]] for their response to the [[civil rights movement]]. Montgomery Public Safety commissioner L. B. Sullivan sued the ''Times'' for defamation. In ''[[New York Times Co. v. Sullivan]]'' (1964), the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] ruled that the verdict in Alabama county court and the [[Supreme Court of Alabama]] violated the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]].{{Sfn|Dunlap|2017c}} The decision is considered to be [[List of landmark court decisions in the United States|landmark]].{{Sfn|Liptak|2021}} After financial losses, ''The New York Times'' ended its [[The New York Times International Edition|international edition]], acquiring a stake in the ''[[Paris Herald Tribune]]'', forming the ''[[International Herald Tribune]]''.{{Sfn|Talese|1981|p=545}} The ''Times'' initially published the ''[[Pentagon Papers]]'', facing opposition from then-president [[Richard Nixon]]. The Supreme Court ruled in ''The New York Times''{{'}}s favor in ''[[New York Times Co. v. United States]]'' (1971), allowing the ''Times'' and ''The Washington Post'' to publish the papers.{{Sfn|Chokshi|2017}}

''The New York Times'' remained cautious in its initial coverage of the [[Watergate scandal]].{{Sfn|Phelps|2009|p=166-169}} As [[United States Congress|Congress]] began investigating the scandal, the ''Times'' furthered its coverage,{{Sfn|Phelps|2009|p=186-187}} publishing details on the [[Huston Plan]], alleged wiretapping of reporters and officials,{{Sfn|Phelps|2009|p=191}} and testimony from [[James W. McCord Jr.]] that the [[Committee for the Re-Election of the President]] paid the conspirators off.{{Sfn|Phelps|2009|p=189}} The exodus of readers to suburban New York newspapers, such as ''[[Newsday]]'' and [[Gannett]] papers, adversely affected ''The New York Times''{{'}}s circulation.{{Sfn|Nagourney|2023|p=22-24}} Contemporary newspapers balked at additional sections; ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' devoted a cover for its criticism and ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' wrote that the ''Times'' was engaging in "middle-class self-absorption".{{Sfn|Dunlap|2015a}} ''The New York Times'', the ''Daily News'', and the ''New York Post'' were the subject of [[1978 New York City newspaper strike|a strike]] in 1978,{{Sfn|Dewar|1978}} allowing emerging newspapers to leverage halted coverage.{{Sfn|Stetson|1978}} The ''Times'' deliberately avoided coverage of the [[AIDS epidemic]], running its first front page article in May 1983. [[Max Frankel]]'s editorial coverage of the epidemic, with mentions of [[anal intercourse]], contrasted with then-executive editor [[A. M. Rosenthal]]'s puritan approach, intentionally avoiding descriptions of the luridity of gay venues.{{Sfn|Nagourney|2023|p=54-56}}

Following years of waning interest in ''The New York Times'', Sulzberger resigned in January 1992, appointing his son, [[Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.]], as publisher.{{Sfn|Nagourney|2023|p=131}} The [[Internet]] represented a generational shift within the ''Times''; Sulzberger, who negotiated The New York Times Company's acquisition of ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' in 1993, derided the Internet, while his son expressed antithetical views. @times appeared on [[America Online]]'s website in May 1994 as an extension of ''The New York Times'', featuring news articles, film reviews, sports news, and business articles.{{Sfn|Nagourney|2023|p=146-148}} Despite opposition, several employees of the ''Times'' had begun to access the Internet.{{Sfn|Dunlap|2017a}} The online success of publications that traditionally co-existed with the ''Times''—such as America Online, [[Yahoo]], and [[CNN]]—and the expansion of websites such as [[Monster.com]] and [[Craigslist]] that threatened ''The New York Times''{{'}}s [[Classified advertising|classified advertisement]] model increased efforts to develop a website.{{Sfn|Nagourney|2023|p=173-175}} [[nytimes.com]] debuted on January 19 and was formally announced three days later.{{Sfn|Nagourney|2023|p=181-182}} The ''Times'' published domestic terrorist [[Ted Kaczynski]]'s essay ''[[Industrial Society and Its Future]]'' in 1995, contributing to his arrest after his brother [[David Kaczynski|David]] recognized the essay's penmanship.{{Sfn|Farhi|2015}}