State religion

==Current states with a state religion==

===Buddhism===
Governments where [[Buddhism]], either a specific form of it, or Buddhism as a whole, has been established as an official religion:
* {{flagicon|Bhutan}} [[Buddhism in Bhutan|Bhutan]]: The [[Constitution of Bhutan|Constitution]] defines Buddhism as the "spiritual heritage of Bhutan". [[Constitution of Bhutan|The Constitution of Bhutan]] is based on [[Buddhist philosophy]].<ref>{{Cite web|website=The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan |title=Background|url=http://www.constitution.bt/html/sources/background.htm|access-date=2021-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715193437/http://www.constitution.bt/html/sources/background.htm|archive-date=15 July 2010}}</ref> It also mandates that the [[Druk Gyalpo]] (King) should appoint the [[Je Khenpo]] and [[Dratshang Lhentshog]] (The Commission for Monastic Affairs).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.constitution.bt/draft_constitution_3rd_en.pdf |title=Draft of Tsa Thrim Chhenmo |date=1 August 2007 |publisher=constitution.bt |access-date=2007-10-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127125443/http://www.constitution.bt/draft_constitution_3rd_en.pdf |archive-date=27 November 2007}}

:Article 3, Spiritual Heritage
:#Buddhism is the spiritual heritage of Bhutan, which promotes the principles and values of peace, non-violence, compassion and tolerance.
:#The ''[[Druk Gyalpo]]'' is the protector of all religions in Bhutan.
:#It shall be the responsibility of religious institutions and personalities to promote the spiritual heritage of the country while also ensuring that religion remains separate from politics in Bhutan. Religious institutions and personalities shall remain above politics.
:#The ''Druk Gyalpo'' shall, on the recommendation of the Five ''Lopon''s, appoint a learned and respected monk ordained in accordance with the ''Druk-lu'', blessed with the nine qualities of a spiritual master and accomplished in ''ked-dzog'', as the ''[[Je Khenpo]]''.
:#His Holiness the ''Je Khenpo'' shall, on the recommendation of the ''[[Dratshang Lhentshog]]'', appoint monks blessed with the nine qualities of a spiritual master and accomplished in ''ked-dzog'' as the Five ''Lopon''s.
:#The members of the ''Dratshang Lhentshog'' shall comprise:<br />{{pad|2em}}(a) The ''Je Khenpo'' as Chairman;<br />{{pad|2em}}(b) The Five ''Lopon''s of the ''Zhung Dratshang''; and<br />{{pad|2em}}(c) The Secretary of the ''Dratshang Lhentshog'' who is a civil servant.
:#The ''Zhung Dratshang'' and ''Rabdeys'' shall continue to receive adequate funds and other facilities from the State.{{cite web|title=Bhutan's Constitution of 2008|url=https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008.pdf?lang=en|website=constituteproject.org/|access-date=29 October 2017}}
</ref>
* {{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Buddhism in Cambodia|Cambodia]]: The [[Constitution of Cambodia|Constitution]] declared Buddhism as the official religion of the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cambodia.org/facts/?government=The+Constitution+of+Cambodia |title=Constitution of Cambodia |publisher=cambodia.org |access-date=2011-04-13 }} (Article 43).</ref> About 98% of Cambodia's population is Buddhist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/|title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Cambodia – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency|website=cia.gov|date=24 November 2021}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Buddhism in Myanmar|Myanmar]]: Section 361 of the [[Constitution of Myanmar|Constitution]] states that "The Union recognizes special position of Buddhism as the faith professed by the great majority of the citizens of the Union."<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008) |url=https://www.constitutionaltribunal.gov.mm/lawdatabase/my/download/file/fid/137 |website=Constitutional Tribunal of the Union |access-date= |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203163744/https://www.constitutionaltribunal.gov.mm/lawdatabase/my/download/file/fid/137 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The 1961 State Religion Promotion and Support Act requires : to teach Buddhist lessons in schools, to give priority to Buddhist [[kyaung|monasteries]] in founding of primary schools, to make [[Uposatha]] days holidays during [[Vassa]] months, to broadcast Buddhist sermons by State media on Uposatha days, and other promotion and supports for Buddhism as State Religion.<ref>{{cite web|title=၁၉၆၁ ခုနှစ်၊ နိုင်ငံတော်ဘာသာသာသနာချီးမြှောက်ထောက်ပံ့ရေးအက်ဥပဒေ|trans-title=1961 year, State Religion Promotion and Support Act|url=https://www.constitutionaltribunal.gov.mm/lawdatabase/my/law/764|website=Constitutional Tribunal of the Union, Law Library|quote=|access-date=25 October 2022|archive-date=25 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025023633/https://www.constitutionaltribunal.gov.mm/lawdatabase/my/law/764|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Buddhism in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]]: The constitution of Sri Lanka states under Chapter II, Article 9, "The Republic of Sri Lanka declares Buddhism as the state religion and accordingly it shall be the duty of the Head of State and Head of Government to protect and foster the [[Śāsana|Buddha Sasana]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom/sri-lanka/|title=Sri Lanka}}</ref>

In some countries, Buddhism is not recognized as a state religion, but holds special status:
* {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Buddhism in Thailand|Thailand]]: Article 67 of the [[Thai constitution]]: "The State should support and protect Buddhism". In supporting and protecting Buddhism, the State should promote and support education and dissemination of dharmic principles of Theravada Buddhism, and shall have measures and mechanisms to prevent Buddhism from being undermined in any form. The State should also encourage Buddhists to participate in implementing such measures or mechanisms.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand|url=http://www.constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/CONSTITUTION%2BOF%2BTHE%2BKINGDOM%2BOF%2BTHAILAND%2B%28B.E.%2B2560%2B%282017%29%29.pdf|website=ConstitutionNet|access-date=29 October 2017 |quote=Section 67. The State should support and protect Buddhism [...] In supporting and protecting Buddhism, [...] the State should promote and support education and dissemination of dharmic principles of Theravada Buddhism [...], and shall have measures and mechanisms to prevent Buddhism from being undermined in any form. The State should also encourage Buddhists to participate in implementing such measures or mechanisms. }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Laos}} [[Buddhism in Laos|Laos]]: According to the Lao Constitution, Buddhism is given special privilege in the country. The state respects and protects all the lawful activities of Buddhism.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003|url=https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Laos_2003.pdf?lang=en|website=constituteproject.org|access-date=29 October 2017|quote=Article 9: The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people.}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Kalmykia}} [[Kalmykia]] ([[Russia]]): The local Government supports Buddhism and also encourages Buddhist teachings and traditions. It also builds various Buddhist temples and sites. Various efforts are taken by the Government for the revival of Buddhism in the republic.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sinclair|first=Tara|date=2008|title=Tibetan Reform and the Kalmyk Revival of Buddhism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23615096|journal=Inner Asia|volume=10|issue=2|pages=241–259|doi=10.1163/000000008793066713|jstor=23615096|issn=1464-8172}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Buddhism in Russia: challenges and choices in the post-Soviet period|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273961382|access-date=2021-02-03|website=ResearchGate|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kalmykia: few complaints over Kalmykia's state support for Buddhism|url=https://english.religion.info/2003/04/15/kalmykia-few-complaints-over-kalmykias-state-support-for-buddhism/|access-date=2021-02-03|website=english.religion.info}}</ref>

===Christianity===
{{Main|Christian state|Christian republic|Christianity and politics|Christian democracy|Christian nationalism|Christendom}}
The following states recognize some form of [[Christianity]] as their state or official religion or recognize a special status for it (by denomination):

====Non-denominational Christianity====
* {{flag|Samoa}}: In June 2017, Parliament voted to amend the wording of Article{{nbsp}}1 of the constitution, thereby making Christianity the state religion. Part 1, Section (1)(3) reads "Samoa is a Christian nation founded on God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit." The status of the religion had previously only been mentioned in the preamble, which Prime Minister [[Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi]] considered legally inadequate.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wyeth|first1=Grant|title=Samoa Officially Becomes a Christian State|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/samoa-officially-becomes-a-christian-state/|work=The Diplomat|date=16 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Feagaimaali’i-Luamanu|first1=Joyetter|title=Constitutional Amendment Passes; Samoa Officially Becomes 'Christian State'|url=http://www.pireport.org/articles/2017/06/08/constitutional-amendment-passes-samoa-officially-becomes-christian-state|publisher=Pacific Islands Report|date=8 June 2017|access-date=16 June 2017|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111223748/http://www.pireport.org/articles/2017/06/08/constitutional-amendment-passes-samoa-officially-becomes-christian-state|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Zambia}}: The preamble to the [[Constitution of Zambia|Zambian Constitution of 1991]] declares Zambia to be "a Christian nation", while also guaranteeing freedom of religion.<ref>[https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/26620/90492/F735047973/ZMB26620.pdf Constitution of Zambia]. Retrieved 19 October 2016.</ref>

====Catholicism====
Jurisdictions where [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] has been established as a state or official religion:
* {{Flag|Costa Rica}}: [[Article 75 of the Constitution of Costa Rica]] confirms that "The Catholic and Apostolic Religion is the religion of the State, which contributes to its maintenance, without preventing the free exercise in the Republic of other forms of worship that are not opposed to universal morality or good customs."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.costaricalaw.com/Constitutional-Law/costa-rica-constitution-in-english.html|title=Costa Rica Constitution in English – Constitutional Law – Costa Rica Legal Topics|work=costaricalaw.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906224713/http://costaricalaw.com/Constitutional-Law/costa-rica-constitution-in-english.html|archive-date=6 September 2015}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Holy See}}: It is an [[Elective monarchy|elective]], [[Theocracy|theocratic]] (or [[Sacerdotal state|sacerdotal]]), [[absolute monarchy]] ruled by the [[Pope]], who is also the [[Vicar of Christ]].<ref name="pages">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-pages.com/vatican/vatican_city.asp |title=Vatican City |publisher=Catholic-Pages.com |access-date=12 August 2013}}</ref> The highest state functionaries are all [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] clergy of various national origins. It is the sovereign territory of the [[Holy See]] ({{lang-la|Sancta Sedes}}) and the location of the Pope's official residence, referred to as the [[Apostolic Palace]].
* {{Flag|Liechtenstein}}: The [[Constitution of Liechtenstein]] describes the Catholic Church as the state religion and enjoying "the full protection of the State". The constitution does however ensure that people of other faiths "shall be entitled to practice their creeds and to hold religious services to the extent consistent with morality and public order".<ref name="LiechtensteinConstitution">{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326162534/http://www.liechtenstein.li/en/pdf-fl-staat-verfassung-sept2003.pdf |date=26 March 2009 |title=Constitution Religion }} (archived from [http://www.liechtenstein.li/en/pdf-fl-staat-verfassung-sept2003.pdf the original] on 2009-03-26).</ref>
* {{Flag|Malta}}: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Malta]] declares that "the religion of Malta is the Catholic and Apostolic Religion".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mjha.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lom&itemid=8566|title=Constitution of Malta (Article 2)|publisher=mjha.gov.mt}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* {{Flag|Monaco}}: Article 9 of the [[Constitution of Monaco]] describes the "Catholic, and [[apostolic succession|apostolic]] religion" as the religion of the state.<ref name="MonacoReligion">{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927091747/http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/036c62fe5f92f2efc1256f5b0054fa42gb?OpenDocument&3Gb |date=27 September 2011 |title=Constitution de la Principaute}} (French): Art. 9., Principaute De Monaco: Ministère d'Etat (archived from [http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/036c62fe5f92f2efc1256f5b0054fa42gb?OpenDocument&3Gb the original] on 2011-09-27).</ref>

Jurisdictions that give various degrees of recognition in their constitutions to Roman Catholicism without establishing it as the State religion:
* {{flag|Andorra}}<ref>{{cite book|first1=Jeroen|last1= Temperman|title=State–Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance|publisher=Brill|year=2010|isbn=978-9004181496|quote=... guarantees the Roman Catholic Church free and public exercise of its activities and the preservation of the relations of special co-operation with the state in accordance with the Andorran tradition. The Constitution recognizes the full legal capacity of the bodies of the Roman Catholic Church which have legal status in accordance with their own rules.}}</ref>
* {{flag|Argentina}}: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Argentina]] explicitly states that the government supports the Roman Catholic Apostolic Faith, but the constitution does not establish a state religion.<ref>
* {{cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Argentina_1994.pdf?lang=en|title=Argentina's Constitution of 1853, Reinstated in 1983, with Amendments through 1994|work=constituteproject.org}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.argentina.gob.ar/pais/56-religion.php|title=Argentina – Religión|work=argentina.gob.ar|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008102111/http://www.argentina.gob.ar/pais/56-religion.php|archive-date=8 October 2014}}</ref> Before its 1994 amendment, the Constitution stated that the President of the Republic must be a Roman Catholic.
* {{flag|East Timor}}: While the [[Constitution of East Timor]] enshrines the principles of [[freedom of religion]] and [[separation of church and state]] in Section 45 Comma 1, it also acknowledges "the participation of the Catholic Church in the process of national liberation" in its preamble (although this has no legal value).<ref name="constitution">{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste|url=http://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf|publisher=Governo de Timor-Leste}}</ref>
* {{flag|El Salvador}}: Although Article 3 of the [[Constitution of El Salvador]] states that "no restrictions shall be established that are based on differences of nationality, race, sex or religion", Article 26 states that the state recognizes the [[Catholic Church]] and gives it legal preference.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitution.org%2Fcons%2Felsalvad.htm&edit-text=&act=url|title=Google Translate|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of El Salvador (as Amended to 2003) |url=http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/ElSalvador1983English.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103200933/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/ElSalvador1983English.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2015|date=3 January 2015}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Guatemala}}: The [[Constitution of Guatemala]] recognises the juridical personality of the [[Catholic Church]]. Other churches, cults, entities, and associations of religious character will obtain the recognition of their juridical personality in accordance with the rules of their institution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf|quote=The juridical personality of the Catholic Church is recognized. The other churches, cults, entities, and associations of religious character will obtain the recognition of their juridical personality in accordance with the rules of their institution[,] and the Government may not deny it[,] aside from reasons of public order. The State will extend to the Catholic Church, without any cost, [the] titles of ownership of the real assets which it holds peacefully for its own purposes, as long as they have formed part of the patrimony of the Catholic Church in the past. The property assigned to third parties or those|title=Guatemala's Constitution of 1985 with Amendments through 1993|publisher=[[Constitution Project]]}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Italy}}: The [[Constitution of Italy]] does not establish a state religion, but recognizes the state and the Catholic Church as "independent and sovereign, each within its own sphere".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf|quote=The State and the Catholic Church are independent and sovereign, each within its own sphere. Their relations are regulated by the Lateran pacts. Amendments to such Pacts which are accepted by both parties shall not require the procedure of constitutional amendments.|title=Constitution of the Italian Republic |publisher=Senato.it|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> The Constitution additionally reserves to the Catholic faith singular position in regard to the organization of worship, as opposed to all other confessions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf|quote=All religious denominations are equally free before the law. Denominations other than Catholicism have the right to self-organisation according to their own statutes, provided these do not conflict with Italian law. Their relations with the State are regulated by law, based on agreements with their respective representatives.|title=Constitution of the Italian Republic |publisher=Senato.it|access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Panama}}: The [[Constitution of Panama]] recognizes Catholicism as "the religion of the majority" of citizens but does not designate it as the official state religion.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/222609.pdf Executive Summary – Panama], 2013 [[Report on International Religious Freedom]], United States Department of State.</ref>
* {{Flag|Paraguay}}: The [[Constitution of Paraguay]] recognizes the Catholic Church's role in the nation's [[History of Paraguay|historical]] and [[Culture of Paraguay|cultural]] formation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/pa00000_.html|quote=The role played by the Catholic Church in the historical and cultural formation of the Republic is hereby recognized.}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Peru}}: The [[Constitution of Peru]] recognizes the Catholic Church as an important element in the [[History of Peru|historical]], [[Culture of Peru|cultural]], and moral formation of Peru and lends it its cooperation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of Peru|url=http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_ingles/CONSTITUTION_29_08_08.pdf|quote=Within an independent and autonomous system, the State recognizes the Catholic Church as an important element in the historical, cultural, and moral formation of Peru and lends it its cooperation. The State respects other denominations and may establish forms of collaboration with them.|access-date=28 October 2009|archive-date=24 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724084722/http://www4.congreso.gob.pe/_ingles/CONSTITUTION_29_08_08.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Poland}}: The [[Constitution of Poland]] states that "The relations between the Republic of Poland and the Roman Catholic Church shall be determined by international treaty concluded with the Holy See, and by statute."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Republic of Poland|date=1997-04-02|url=http://sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm|quote=The relations between the Republic of Poland and the Roman Catholic Church shall be determined by international treaty concluded with the Holy See, and by statute. The relations between the Republic of Poland and other churches and religious organizations shall be determined by statutes adopted pursuant to agreements concluded between their appropriate representatives and the Council of Ministers.}}</ref>
* {{flag|Spain}}: The [[Constitution of Spain]] of 1978 abolished [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] as the official state religion, while recognizing the role it plays in Spanish society.<ref name=es_CONSTITUTION>{{cite act |title=[[Constitution of Spain|Spanish Constitution]] |type=Constitution |number= |date=29 December 1978 |article=14, 16 & 27.3 |articletype=Sections |url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Hist_Normas/Norm/const_espa_texto_ingles_0.pdf |quote=No religion shall have a state character. The public authorities shall take into account the religious beliefs of Spanish society and shall consequently maintain appropriate cooperation relations with the Catholic Church and other confessions. |access-date=5 March 2018 }}</ref>

====Eastern Orthodoxy====
* {{flag|Greece}}: The [[Church of Greece]] is recognized by the Greek Constitution as the prevailing religion in Greece<ref name="GreeceConstitution">{{Cite web|title=Constitution of Greece|url=http://www.hri.org/docs/syntagma/artcl25.html#A3|access-date=2023-01-02|website=www.hri.org|at=Section II Relations of Church and State: Article 3}}</ref> and is the only country in the world where Eastern Orthodoxy is clearly recognized as a state religion.<ref name="EnyediMadeley2004">{{cite book|last1=Enyedi|first1=Zsolt|last2=Madeley|first2=John T.S.|title=Church and State in Contemporary Europe|year= 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1135761417|page=228|quote=Both as a state church and as a national church, the Orthodox Church of Greece has a lot in common with Protestant state churches, and even with Catholicism in some countries.}}</ref><ref name="Meyendorff1981">{{cite book|last=Meyendorff|first=John|title=The Orthodox Church: Its Past and Its Role in the World Today|year=1981|publisher=St Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=978-0913836811|page=155|quote=Greece therefore is today the only country where the Orthodox Church remains a state church and plays a dominant role in the life of the country.}}<!--|access-date=18 October 2015--></ref> However, this provision does not give exclusivity of worship to the Church of Greece, while all other religions are recognized as equal and may be practiced freely.<ref name="GreeceConstitution2">{{Cite web|title=Constitution of Greece|url=http://www.hri.org/docs/syntagma/artcl25.html#A13|access-date=2023-01-02|website=www.hri.org|at=Part Two Individual and Social Rights: Article 13}}</ref>

The jurisdictions below give various degrees of recognition in their constitutions to [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], but without establishing it as the state religion:
* {{flag|Bulgaria}}: In the Bulgarian Constitution, Eastern Orthodoxy is recognized as "the traditional religion" of the Bulgarian people, but the state itself remains secular.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.bg/en/const|title=The Bulgarian Constitution|publisher=Parliament of Bulgaria |access-date=20 December 2011}}</ref>
* {{flag|Cyprus}}: The [[Constitution of Cyprus]] states: "The Autocephalous [[Greek Orthodoxy|Greek-Orthodox]] [[Church of Cyprus]] shall continue to have the exclusive right of regulating and administering its own internal affairs and property in accordance with the Holy Canons and its Charter in force for the time being and the Greek Communal Chamber shall not act inconsistently with such right."<ref name="CyprusConstitution">{{cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cyprus_2013.pdf?lang=en|title=Cyprus's Constitution of 1960 with Amendments through 2013|publisher=[[Constitution Project]]}}</ref>{{efn|The Constitution also states that "Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of the Greek-Orthodox Church, shall be cognizable by family courts each of which is composed: For a divorce trial, of three judges, one of which is a lawyer ecclesiastical officer appointed by the Greek Orthodox Church and presides over the Court and the other two of high professional and moral standard belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church are appointed by the Supreme Court among lawyers. If no ecclesiastical officer is appointed as above, the Supreme Court appoints the President of the Court as well."<ref name="CyprusConstitution"/>}}
* {{flag|Finland}}: Both the [[Finnish Orthodox Church]] and the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]] are "national churches".<ref name="Finland Constitution"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=160099&nodeid=41800&culture=en-US |title=The Church in Finland today |author=Salla Korpela |date=May 2005|publisher=Finland Promotion Board; Produced by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Department for Communications and Culture}}</ref>
* {{flag|Georgia}}: The [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] has a constitutional agreement with the state, the constitution recognizing "the special role of the Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia in the history of Georgia and its independence from the state".<ref>[http://www.parliament.ge/en/kanonmdebloba/constitution-of-georgia-68 Constitution of Georgia] Article 9 (1&2) and 73 (1a{{sup|1}})</ref> (See also [[Concordat of 2002]])

====Protestantism====
The following states recognize some form of [[Protestantism]] as their state or official religion:

====[[Commonwealth of Nations|The Commonwealth]]====
=====Anglicanism=====
The Anglican [[Church of England]] is the established church in England as well as all three of the [[Crown Dependencies]]:
* {{flag|England}}: The [[Church of England]] is the established church in England, but not in the [[United Kingdom]] as a whole.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cofe.anglican.org/about/history/ |title=The History of the Church of England |publisher=The Archbishops' Council of the Church of England |access-date=2006-05-24 |archive-date=21 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221212004/http://www.cofe.anglican.org/about/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the only established Anglican church worldwide. The Anglican [[Church in Wales]], the [[Scottish Episcopal Church]] and the [[Church of Ireland]] are not established churches and they are independent of the Church of England. The [[British monarchy|British monarch]] is the titular [[Supreme Governor of the Church of England]]. The 26 most senior bishops in the Church of England are [[Lords Spiritual]] and have seats in the [[House of Lords]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]].
* {{flag|Bailiwick of Guernsey|name=Guernsey}}: The [[Church of England]] is the established church in the [[Bailiwick of Guernsey]], and the leader of the Church of England in the territory is the [[Dean of Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About|url=http://www.churchofengland.org.gg/about|website=Guernsey Deanery|publisher=Church of England}}</ref>
* {{flag|Isle of Man}}: The [[Church of England]] is the established church on the Isle of Man. The [[Bishop of Sodor and Man]] is an ex officio member of the [[Legislative Council of the Isle of Man|Legislative Council]] (the upper house of [[Tynwald]]).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gell|first1=Sir James|title=Gell on Manx Church|url=http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/manxsoc/msvol31/gell.htm|website=Isle of Man Online|publisher=IOM Online|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref>
* {{flag|Jersey}}: The [[Church of England]] is the established church in [[Bailiwick of Jersey|Jersey]], and the leader of the church on the island is the [[Dean of Jersey]], a non-voting member of the [[States of Jersey]].

=====Calvinism=====
* {{flag|Scotland}}: The [[Church of Scotland]] is the [[national church]], but not the United Kingdom as a whole.<ref name="Scotland">{{Cite web|date=2010-02-22|title=Our structure|url=https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/about-us/our-structure|access-date=2021-04-07|website=The Church of Scotland|language=en}}</ref>  Whilst it is the national church, it 'is not State controlled' and the monarch is not the 'supreme governor' as in the Church of England.<ref name="Scotland"/>
* {{flag|Tuvalu}}: The [[Church of Tuvalu]] is the state religion, although in practice this merely entitles it to "the privilege of performing special services on major national events".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cf2d05cc.html|title=Refworld – 2010 Report on International Religious Freedom – Tuvalu|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|last=Refugees|access-date=23 February 2017}}</ref> The [[Constitution of Tuvalu]] guarantees freedom of religion, including the freedom to practice, the freedom to change religion, the right not to receive religious instruction at school or to attend religious ceremonies at school, and the right not to "take an oath or make an affirmation that is contrary to his religion or belief".<ref>Constitution of Tuvalu, article 23.</ref>

====Nordic Countries====
=====Lutheranism=====
Jurisdictions where a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] church has been fully or partially established as a state recognized religion include the [[Nordic States]].
* {{flag|Denmark}}: Section 4 of the [[Constitution of Denmark]] confirms the [[Church of Denmark]] as the established church.<ref name="DenmarkConstitution">{{Cite web|title=Denmark Constitution|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html|access-date=2023-01-02|website=www.servat.unibe.ch|language=en|at=Section 4, State Church}}</ref>
** {{flag|Faroe Islands}}: The [[Church of the Faroe Islands]] is the state church of the [[Faroe Islands]], an [[autonomous administrative division]] within the [[The unity of the Realm|Danish Realm]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Juergensmeyer|first1=Mark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwJzAwAAQBAJ&q=faroe%2520islands%2520state%2520church&pg=PA390|title=Encyclopedia of Global Religion|last2=Roof|first2=Wade Clark|date=2011|publisher=Sage Publications|isbn=978-1-4522-6656-5|language=en|page=390}}</ref>
** {{flag|Greenland}}: The Church of Denmark is the state church of [[Greenland]], an autonomous administrative division within the Danish Realm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.am/library/sahmanadrutyunner/dania.pdf|title=Constitution of Denmark – Section IV|quote=The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State.|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301205429/http://www.parliament.am/library/sahmanadrutyunner/dania.pdf|archive-date=1 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Iceland}}: The [[Constitution of Iceland]] confirms the [[Church of Iceland]] as the state church of Iceland.<ref name="IcelandConstitution">{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of Iceland|url=https://www.government.is/publications/legislation/lex/?newsid=89fc6038-fd28-11e7-9423-005056bc4d74|access-date=2023-01-02|website=www.government.is|language=en-US|at= Article 62}}</ref>
* {{flag|Norway|size=23px}}: Until 2017, the [[Church of Norway]] was not a separate legal entity from the government. It was disestablished and became a [[national church]], a legally distinct entity from the state with special constitutional status. The King of Norway is required by the Constitution to be a member of the Church of Norway, and the church is regulated by special canon law, unlike other religions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iheu.org/state-and-church-move-towards-greater-separation-norway|title=International Humanist and Ethical Union – State and Church move towards greater separation in Norway|access-date=18 March 2015|date=26 June 2012}}</ref>
Jurisdictions that give various degrees of recognition in their constitutions to Lutheranism without establishing it as the state religion:
* {{flag|Finland}}: The [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]] has a special relationship with the Finnish state, its internal structure being described in a special law, the Church Act.<ref name="Finland Constitution">{{Cite web|last=LL.M.|first=Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher|title=Finland Constitution|url=https://servat.unibe.ch/icl/fi00000_.html#S076_|access-date=2024-04-02|website=International Constitutional Law (ICL) |language=en |at=Section 76, The Church Act}}</ref> The Church Act can be amended only by a decision of the synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church and subsequent ratification by the Parliament of Finland. The Church Act is protected by the Constitution of Finland and the state cannot change the Church Act without changing the constitution. The church has the power to tax its members. The state collects these taxes for the church, for a fee. On the other hand, the church is required to give a burial place for everyone in its graveyards.<ref name="Finland Constitution"/> The President of Finland also decides the themes for intercession days. The church does not consider itself a state church, as the Finnish state does not have the power to influence its internal workings or its theology, although it has a veto in those changes of the internal structure which require changing the Church Act. Neither does the Finnish state accord any precedence to Lutherans or the Lutheran faith in its own acts.
* {{flag|Sweden}}: The [[Church of Sweden]] was the state church of Sweden between 1527 when King Gustav Vasa broke all ties with Rome and 2000 when the state officially became secular. Much like in Finland, it does have a special relation to the Swedish state unlike any other religious organizations. For example, there is a special law that regulates certain aspects of the church<ref>{{Cite web|last=Riksdagsförvaltningen|title=Lag (1998:1591) om Svenska kyrkan Svensk författningssamling 1998:1998:1591 t.o.m. SFS 2009:1234 – Riksdagen|url=https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/lag-19981591-om-svenska-kyrkan_sfs-1998-1591|access-date=2021-06-23|website=www.riksdagen.se|language=sv}}</ref> and the members of the royal family are required to belong to it in order to have a claim to the line of succession. A majority of the population still belongs to the Church of Sweden.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Riksdagsförvaltningen|title=Successionsordning (1810:0926); Svensk författningssamling 1810:1810:0926 – Riksdagen|url=https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/successionsordning-18100926_sfs-1810-0926|access-date=2021-06-23|website=www.riksdagen.se|language=sv}}</ref>

====Other/mixed====
* {{flag|Armenia}}: The [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] has a constitutional agreement with the [[Armenia|State]]: "The Republic of Armenia shall recognise the exclusive mission of the Armenian Apostolic Holy Church, as a national church, in the spiritual life of the Armenian people, in the development of their national culture and preservation of their national identity."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.am/parliament.php?id=constitution&lang=eng|title=National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia|website=parliament.am}}</ref>
* {{flag|Dominican Republic}}: The constitution of the Dominican Republic specifies that there is no state church and provides for freedom of religion and belief. A [[concordat]] with the [[Holy See]] designates Catholicism as the official religion and extends special privileges to the Catholic Church not granted to other religious groups. These include the legal recognition of church law, use of public funds to underwrite some church expenses, and complete exoneration from customs duties.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2011 Report on International Religious Freedom – Dominican Republic|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/502105c67d.html|access-date=2023-01-02|website=Refworld|language=en}}</ref>
* {{flag|Haiti}}: While Catholicism has not been the state religion since 1987, a 19th-century [[concordat]] with the [[Holy See]] continues to confer preferential treatment to the [[Catholic Church]], in the form of stipends for clergy and financial support to churches and religious schools. The Catholic Church also retains the right to appoint certain amounts of clergy in Haiti without the government's consent.<ref name="Haiti">{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90257.htm |title=Haiti |publisher=State.gov |date=2007-09-14 |access-date=2014-01-04}}</ref><ref name=":usirf17">{{Cite web|title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2015|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2017&dlid=281080|access-date=2023-01-02|publisher=US State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}</ref>
* {{flag|Hungary}}: The preamble to the [[Constitution of Hungary|Hungarian Constitution of 2011]] describes Hungary as "part of Christian Europe" and acknowledges "the role of Christianity in preserving nationhood", while Article VII provides that "the State shall cooperate with the Churches for community goals." However, the constitution also guarantees freedom of religion and separation of church and state.<ref>[https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Hungary_2011.pdf Hungary's Constitution of 2011]. Retrieved 9 February 2016.</ref>
* {{flag|Nicaragua}}: The [[Constitution of Nicaragua|Nicaraguan Constitution of 1987]] states that the country has no official religion, but defines "Christian values" as one of the "principles of the Nicaraguan nation".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Nicaragua_2014.pdf?lang=en|title=Nicaragua's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2014|publisher=Constitute Project|accessdate=21 July 2022}}</ref>
* {{flag|Portugal}}: Although Church and State are formally separate, the [[Catholic Church in Portugal]] still receives certain privileges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.concordatwatch.eu/showtopic.php?org_id=1361&kb_header_id=4131|title=Concordat Watch – Portugal &#124; Concordat (2004) : text|website=concordatwatch.eu}}</ref>

===Islam===
Many [[List of Muslim-majority countries|Muslim-majority countries]] have constitutionally established Islam, or a specific form of it, as a state religion. [[Proselytism]] (converting people away from Islam) is often illegal in such states.<ref name="dpn">{{cite web|title=Saudi Arabia imposes death sentence for Bible smuggling|url=http://deathpenaltynews.blogspot.com/2014/11/saudi-arabia-imposes-death-sentence-for.html|website=deathpenaltynews|date=30 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/saudi-arabias-new-law-imposes-death-sentence-for-bible-smugglers-131352/#!|title=Saudi Arabia's New Law Imposes Death Sentence for Bible Smugglers?|work=The Christian Post|date=18 December 2014 |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.handsoffcain.info/news/index.php?iddocumento=18309927|title=Saidi Arabia Imposes Death Sentence for Bible Smuggling |access-date=5 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408000107/http://www.handsoffcain.info/news/index.php?iddocumento=18309927|archive-date=8 April 2016}}</ref><ref>Sheen J. ''Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report.'' (Routledge, 1997) p. 452.</ref>
* {{flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Islam in Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]: Officially, Afghanistan has continuously been an Islamic state under various constitutions since at least 1987.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aisa.org.af/laws/I.1%20Constitutions,Constituent%20%20docs/1357-%201380%20Republics/660%20E%201987%20Constitution%20(Najibullah).pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703074851/http://www.aisa.org.af/laws/I.1%20Constitutions,Constituent%20%20docs/1357-%201380%20Republics/660%20E%201987%20Constitution%20(Najibullah).pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-07-03|year=1987|title=The Constitution of Afghanistan|access-date=30 July 2009|location=Afghanistan}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Islam in Algeria|Algeria]]: "Islam shall be the religion of the State."<ref>Article 2 of the [[Algerian Constitution of 2016]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Avant Projet de Revision de la Constitution |url=http://www.constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/algeria_french.pdf|website=ConstitutionNet|language=fr|date=28 December 2015}}</ref>
* {{flag|Bangladesh}}: Article (2A) of the [[Constitution of Bangladesh]] declares: "Islam is the state religion of the republic".<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{Cite web|url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-367/section-24549.html|title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh &#124; 2A. The state religion|website=bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Islam in Bahrain|Bahrain]]: "The religion of the State is Islam."<ref>Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Bahrain]]:</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bahrain's Constitution of 2002 with Amendments through 2012|url=https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahrain_2012.pdf?lang=en|website=constituteproject.org|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Islam in Brunei|Brunei]]: Article 3 of the [[Constitution of Brunei]]: "The official religion of Brunei Darussalam shall be the Islamic Religion{{nbsp}}..."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Brunei_2006.pdf?lang=en|title=Brunei Darussalam's Constitution of 1959 with Amendments through 2006|date=6 June 2017|website=constituteproject.org}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[Islam in Djibouti|Djibouti]]: Article 1 of the [[Constitution of Djibouti]]: "Islam is the Religion of the State."<ref>{{cite web|title=Djibouti's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2010|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010.pdf?lang=en|website=constituteproject.org|date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Islam in Egypt|Egypt]]: Article 2 of the [[Egyptian Constitution of 2014]]: "Islam is the religion of the State".<ref>[http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf Unofficial translation of the 2014 constitution]</ref>
* {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Islam in Iran|Iran]]: Article 12 of the [[Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran|Constitution of Iran]]: "The official religion of Iran is Islam and the [[Twelver]] [[Ja'fari jurisprudence|Ja'farî school]] [in usul al-Dîn and fiqh], and this principle will remain eternally immutable."<ref>{{cite web|title=Iran (Islamic Republic of)'s Constitution of 1979 with Amendments through 1989|url=https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Iran_1989.pdf?lang=en|website=constituteproject.org|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref> Islam has been Iran's state religion since 1501 dating back to the [[Safavid dynasty]] and has continued ever since, excluding the period of breaks in the [[Pahlavi dynasty]].
* {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Islam in Iraq|Iraq]]: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Iraq]]: "Islam is the official religion of the State and is a foundation source of legislation{{nbsp}}..."<ref>{{cite web|title=Iraqi Constitution |url=http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128152712/http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-11-28 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Islam in Jordan|Jordan]]: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Jordan]]: "Islam is the religion of the State and Arabic is its official language."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan|url=http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/constitution_jo.html|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426230052/http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/constitution_jo.html|archive-date=26 April 2013|date=1 January 1952}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[Islam in Kuwait|Kuwait]]: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Kuwait]]: "The religion of the State is Islam and Islamic Law shall be a main source of legislation."<ref>{{cite web|title=Kuwait's Constitution of 1962, Reinstated in 1992|url=https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Kuwait_1992.pdf?lang=en|website=constituteproject.org|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Islam in Libya|Libya]]: Article 1 of the [[Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration]]: "Islam is the Religion of the State and the principal source of legislation is Islamic Jurisprudence (Shari'a)."<ref>{{cite web|title=Draft Constitutional Charter For the Transitional Stage|url=http://portal.clinecenter.illinois.edu/REPOSITORYCACHE/114/w1R3bTIKElG95H3MH5nvrSxchm9QLb8T6EK87RZQ9pfnC4py47DaBn9jLA742IFN3d70VnOYueW7t67gWXEs3XiVJJxM8n18U9Wi8vAoO7_24166.pdf|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-date=25 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425112207/http://portal.clinecenter.illinois.edu/REPOSITORYCACHE/114/w1R3bTIKElG95H3MH5nvrSxchm9QLb8T6EK87RZQ9pfnC4py47DaBn9jLA742IFN3d70VnOYueW7t67gWXEs3XiVJJxM8n18U9Wi8vAoO7_24166.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Islam in Malaysia|Malaysia]]: Article 3 of the [[Constitution of Malaysia|Federal Constitution of Malaysia]]: "Islam is the religion of the Federation; but other religions may be practised in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation."<ref>{{cite web|title=Federal Constitution Incorporating all amendments up to P.U.(A) 164/2009|url=http://www.jac.gov.my/images/stories/akta/federalconstitution.pdf|publisher=Laws of Malaysia|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-date=14 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614105535/http://www.jac.gov.my/images/stories/akta/federalconstitution.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Maldives}} [[Islam in the Maldives|Maldives]]: Article 10 of the [[Constitution of the Maldives|Maldives's Constitution of 2008]]: "The religion of the State of the Maldives is Islam. Islam shall be the one of the bases of all the laws of the Maldives."<ref>{{cite web|title=Maldives's Constitution of 2008|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Maldives_2008.pdf?lang=en|website=constituteproject.org|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Islam in Mauritania|Mauritania]]: Article 5 of the [[Constitution of Mauritania]]: "Islam is the religion of the people and of the State."<ref>{{cite web|title=Mauritania's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2012|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritania_2012.pdf|website=constituteproject.org|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Islam in Morocco|Morocco]]: Article 3 of the [[Constitution of Morocco]]: "Islam is the religion of the State, which guarantees to all the free exercise of beliefs [cultes]."<ref>{{cite web|title=Morocco Draft Text of the Constitution Adopted at the Referendum of 1 July 2011|url=http://www.constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/morocco_eng.pdf|website=ConstitutionNet|publisher=William S. Hein & Co., Inc.|location=Buffalo, New York|year=2011}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Oman}} [[Islam in Oman|Oman]]: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Oman]]: "The religion of the State is Islam and Islamic Sharia is the basis for legislation."<ref>{{cite web|title=Oman's Constitution of 1996 with Amendments through 2011|url=https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en|website=constituteproject.org|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Islam in Pakistan|Pakistan]]: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Pakistan]]: "Islam shall be the State religion of Pakistan."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part1.html |title=Part I: "Introductory" |publisher=Pakistani.org |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Islam in Palestine|Palestine]]: Article 4 of the [[Palestine Basic Law|Basic Law of the State of Palestine]]: "Islam is the official religion in Palestine. Respect and sanctity of all other heavenly religions shall be maintained."<ref name="mideast">{{Cite web|title=Palestine Basic Law|url=http://www.mideastweb.org/basiclaw.htm|access-date=2023-01-02|website=www.mideastweb.org}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Islam in Qatar|Qatar]]: Article 1 of the [[Constitution of Qatar]]: "Qatar is an independent sovereign Arab State. Its religion is Islam and Shari'a law shall be a main source of its legislations."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution|url=http://english.mofa.gov.qa/details.cfm?id=80|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041024231923/http://english.mofa.gov.qa/details.cfm?id=80|archive-date=24 October 2004}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Islam in Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]]: Article 1 of the [[Basic Law of Saudi Arabia]]: "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab Islamic State. Its religion is Islam."<ref>{{cite web|title=Basic Law of Governance|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/basic-law-governance|website=The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=2 April 2024}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] declares that Islam is the state religion and law origin.<ref name="books.google.com"/>
* {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Islam in Somalia|Somalia]]: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Somalia|Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia]]: "Islam is the religion of the State."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Federal Republic of Somalia Provisional Constitution|url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf|archive-date=24 January 2013}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Islam in Syria|Syria]]: Article 29 Constitution of Syrian Kurd Autonomous: "The preamble celebrates the ethnic and religious mosaic of the AANES-administered territory."<ref>{{cite web|title=Syria's Kurdish Northeast Ratifies a New Constitution|access-date=1 April 2024|url=https://newlinesmag.com/argument/syrias-kurdish-northeast-ratifies-a-new-constitution/|date=31 January 2024|website=[[Fairfax University of America#New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy|New Lines magazine]]}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Islam in the United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]: Article 7 of the [[Constitution of the United Arab Emirates]]: "Islam shall be the official religion of the Union."<ref>{{cite web|title=United Arab Emirates's Constitution of 1971 with Amendments through 2004|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2004.pdf|website=constituteproject.org|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Islam in Yemen|Yemen]]: Article 2 of the [[Constitution of Yemen]]: "Islam is the religion of the state, and Arabic is its official language."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Republic of Yemen As amended on 20 February 2001|url=http://www.constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2001_constitution_of_the_republic_of_yemen.pdf|website=ConstitutionNet|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref>

In some countries, Islam is not recognized as a state religion, but holds special status:

* {{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Islam in Tajikistan|Tajikistan]]: Although there is a separation of religion from politics, certain aspects of law also privilege Islam. One such law declares "Islam to be a traditional religion of Tajikistan, with more rights and privileges given to Islamic organizations than to religious groups of non-Muslim origin".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2009-04-03/tajikistan-new-law-on-religious-organizations/|title=Tajikistan: New Law on Religious Organizations|website=Library of Congress}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Islam in Tunisia|Tunisia]]: Article 5 of the Constitution declares that "Tunisia is part of the [[Muslim world]], and the state alone must work to achieve the goals of pure Islam in preserving honourable life of religious freedom". Although, Islam has been given special privileges by the Constitution, though it  is no longer the state religion.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://groundreport.in/why-tunisia-abandoning-islam-as-a-state-religion/|title=Why Tunisia abandoning Islam as a state religion?|website=GR|date=24 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Factbox: What's in Tunisia's new constitution? |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/whats-tunisias-new-constitution-2022-07-25/|access-date=9 December 2022}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Turkmenistan}} [[Islam in Turkmenistan|Turkmenistan]]: The Constitution claims to uphold a secular system in which religious and state institutions are separate. However, in Turkmenistan, the state actively privileges a form of traditional Islam. The culture, including Islam, is a key facet, contributes to the Turkmen national identity. The state encourages the conceptualization of "Turkmen Islam".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://isdp.eu/publication/religion-and-the-secular-state-in-turkmenistan/|title=Religion and the Secular State in Turkmenistan - Silk Road Paper|website=Institute for Security and Development Policy}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Islam in Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]]: Since independence, Islam has taken on an altogether new role in the nation-building process in Uzbekistan. The government affords Islam in special status and declared it as a national heritage and a moral guideline.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.openedition.org/asiecentrale/1527|title=Islam and Secular State in Uzbekistan: State Control of Religion and its Implications for the Understanding of Secularity|first=Henrik|last=Ohlsson|date=12 December 2011|journal=Cahiers d'Asie centrale|issue=19–20|pages=485–493|via=journals.openedition.org}}</ref>

===Judaism===
{{See also|Jewish state}}
* {{flag|Israel}}: Although is defined in several of its laws as a "[[Jewish and democratic state]]" (''medina yehudit ve-demokratit''). However, the term "[[Jew]]ish" is a [[Polysemy|polyseme]] that can describe the Jewish people [[Who is a Jew?|as either an ethnic or a religious group]]. The debate about the meaning of the term "Jewish" and its legal and social applications is one of the most profound issues with which Israeli society deals. The problem of the status of religion in Israel, even though it is relevant to all religions, usually refers to the status of [[Judaism]] in Israeli society. Thus, even though from a constitutional point of view Judaism is not the state religion in Israel, its status nevertheless determines relations between religion and state and the extent to which religion influences the political center.<ref>''Trouble in Utopia: The Overburdened Polity of Israel'', by Dan Horowitz and Moshe Lissak, pp. 51–52</ref> The [[Law of Return]], was passed on 5 July 1950, gives the global diaspora [[Jews]], the right to relocate to Israel and acquire [[Israeli citizenship]]. Section - (1) of that law declares that "Every Jew has the right to come to this country as an Oleh, "(Immigrant)". In the Law of Return, the State of Israel gave effect to the [[Zionism|Zionist movement]]'s "credo" which called for the establishment of Israel as a [[Sovereign]] [[Jewish state]] with [[Democracy|Democratic]] setups, ideals and values.<ref>International Commission of Jurists
https://www.icj.org › 2013/06PDF
The Law of Return, 5710-1950 1. Right of "aliya" Every Jew has the ...</ref> The State of Israel supports religious institutions, particularly [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] ones, and recognizes the "religious communities" as carried over from those recognized under the British Mandate—in turn derived from the pre-1917 Ottoman system of ''[[Millet (Ottoman Empire)|millets]]''. These are Jewish and Christian ([[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Latin Catholic]], [[Gregorian-Armenian]], [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian-Catholic]], [[Syriac Catholic Church|Syriac Catholic]], [[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean]], [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Melkite Catholic]], [[Maronites|Maronite Catholic]], and [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]]). The fact that the Muslim population was not defined as a religious community does not affect the rights of the Muslim community to practice their faith. At the end of the period covered by the 2009 U.S. International Religious Freedom Report, several of these denominations were pending official government recognition; however, the Government has allowed adherents of not officially recognized groups the freedom to practice. In 1961, legislation gave Muslim Shari'a courts exclusive jurisdiction in matters of personal status. Three additional religious communities have subsequently been recognized by Israeli law: the [[Druze]] (prior under Islamic jurisdiction), the Evangelical Episcopal Church, and followers of the [[Baháʼí Faith]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-10-29|title=Israel and the occupied territories|url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127349.htm|access-date=2023-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029164133/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127349.htm |archive-date=29 October 2009|publisher=U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor }}</ref>

===Political religions===
In some countries, there is a [[List of political ideologies|political ideology]] sponsored by the government that may be called [[political religion]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Gentile |first=Emilio |year=2006 |orig-year=2001 |title=Le religioni della politica. Fra democrazie e totalitarismi |trans-title=Politics as Religion |publisher=Princeton University Press }}</ref>

===Multiple religion recognition===
* {{Flag|China}}: The government of China officially espouses [[state atheism]],<ref name="Dillon2001">{{cite book |last1=Dillon |first1=Michael |title=Religious Minorities and China |date=2001 |publisher=Minority Rights Group International |language=en}}</ref> and officially recognizes only five religions: [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhism]], [[Taoism in China|Taoism]], [[Islam in China|Islam]], [[Christianity in China|Christianity]] ([[Catholic Church in China|Catholicism]] and [[Protestantism in China|Protestantism]]).<ref>Rowan Callick. ''Party Time: Who Runs China and How''. Black Inc, 2013. p. 112</ref> Despite limitations on certain forms of religious expression and assembly, religion is not banned, and religious freedom is nominally protected under the Chinese constitution. Among the general Chinese population, there are a wide variety of religious practices.<ref name="French">{{cite news|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/04/world/asia/04iht-web0304.china.4786768.html |title= Religious surge in once-atheist China surprises leaders |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] |date= 2007-03-03|access-date=2013-11-25 |first=Howard |last=French}}</ref> The Chinese government's attitude to religion is one of skepticism and non-promotion.<ref name="French"/><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/05/23/a-surprising-map-of-where-the-worlds-atheists-live/ |title= A surprising map of where the world's atheists live |newspaper= [[The Washington Post]] |access-date=2013-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Party's-secret-directives-on-how-to-eradicate-religion-and-ensure-the-victory-of-atheism-2029.html
|title= Party's secret directives on how to eradicate religion and ensure the victory of atheism |publisher= Asian News|access-date=2013-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/monitoring/253345.stm|title= China announces "civilizing" atheism drive in Tibet  |publisher= [[BBC]] |date= 1999-01-12|access-date=2013-11-25}}</ref>
* {{flag|France}}: The [[local law in Alsace-Moselle]] accords official status to four religions in this specific region of France: [[Judaism]], [[Roman Catholicism]], [[Lutheranism]] and [[Calvinism]]. The law is a remnant of the Napoleonic [[Concordat of 1801]], which was abrogated in the rest of France by the [[1905 French law on the separation of Church and State|law of 1905]] on the [[separation of church and state]]. However, at the time, Alsace-Moselle had been [[Alsace-Lorraine|annexed by Germany]]. The Concordat, therefore, remained in force in these areas, and it was not abrogated when France regained control of the region in 1918. Therefore, the separation of church and state, part of the French concept of [[Laïcité]], does not apply in this region.<ref>{{cite news|title= Church-state tie opens door for mosque
|work=The New York Times
|date=2008-10-07
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/world/europe/07iht-alsace.1.16744303.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
|access-date=2013-11-02}}</ref>
* {{flag|Indonesia}} is officially a [[presidential republic]] and a [[unitary state]] that does not declare or designate a state religion. Officially, [[Government of Indonesia|the government]] recognizes six religions: [[Islam in Indonesia|Islam]], [[Protestantism in Indonesia|Protestantism]], [[Catholic Church in Indonesia|Catholicism]], [[Buddhism in Indonesia|Buddhism]], [[Hinduism in Indonesia|Hinduism]], and [[Confucianism in Indonesia|Confucianism]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion in Indonesia {{!}} Indonesia Investments |url=https://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/religion/item69 |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=www.indonesia-investments.com}}</ref> as well as traditional and indigenous believes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kemendikbud serahkan KTP Penghayat Kepercayaan di Festival Budaya Solo |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3640041/kemendikbud-serahkan-ktp-penghayat-kepercayaan-di-festival-budaya-solo |lang=Indonesian|access-date=2024-03-23 |website=www.antaranews.com}}</ref> [[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]] comes from the [[Jakarta Charter]] whose first article was changed from "Divinity, with the obligation to carry out Islamic law for its adherents" to "the One Divinity", to respect other religions. The [[Constitution of Indonesia]] guarantees freedom of religion and the practice of other religions and beliefs, including traditional animistic beliefs. Indonesians who are practicing other unrecognized religions such as [[Sikhism|Sikhs]] and [[Jainism|Jains]] are often counted as "Hindu" while Indonesians practicing [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodoxy]] are often counted as "Christian" for governmental purposes.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} [[Atheism in Indonesia|Atheism]], although not prosecuted, is discouraged by the state ideology of ''[[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]]''. In addition, the province of [[Aceh]] receives a special status and a higher degree of autonomy, in which it may enact laws (''[[Qanun (law)|qanuns]]'') based on the [[Sharia]] and enforce it, especially to its Muslim residents.
* {{flag|Lebanon}}: There are 18 officially recognized religious groups in Lebanon, each with its own family law legislation and set of religious courts.<ref>"Women in Personal Status Laws". Retrieved 26 March 2013.</ref> Under the terms of an agreement known as the [[National Pact]] between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the [[List of Presidents of Lebanon|president of the country]] must be a [[Maronite Christianity in Lebanon|Maronite]], the [[Prime Minister of Lebanon|Prime Minister]] must be a [[Lebanese Sunni Muslims|Sunni]], and the [[List of Speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon|Speaker of Parliament]] must be a [[Lebanese Shia Muslims|Shia]].<ref>{{cite book|author=R. Rabil|title=Religion, National Identity, and Confessional Politics in Lebanon: The Challenge of Islamism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fHMCwAAQBAJ|year=2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-0-230-33925-5}}</ref>
* {{flag|Luxembourg}} is a secular state, but the Grand Duchy recognizes and supports several denominations, including the [[Catholic Church in Luxembourg|Catholic Church]], [[Greek Orthodox]], [[Russian Orthodox]], [[Romanian Orthodox]], [[Serbian Orthodox]], [[Anglican]] and some [[Protestantism in Luxembourg|Protestantism]] denominations as well as to [[Judaism|Jewish]] congregations.<ref>{{cite book|title=State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Khag6tbsIn4C&pg=PA226 |author=Jeroen Temperman|publisher=Brill|isbn= 978-9004181489|year = 2010}}</ref>
*{{flag|Nepal}} is a secular nation, and secularism in Nepal under the interim constitution (Part 1, Article 4) is defined as "religious and cultural freedom, along with the protection of religion and culture handed down from time immemorial." That is, "the state government is bound for protecting and fostering Hindu religion" while maintaining "religious" and "cultural" freedom throughout the nation as fundamental rights.
* {{flag|Russia}}: Though a [[secular state]] under the constitution, Russia is often said to have [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]] as the ''[[de facto]]'' national religion, despite other minorities: "The Russian Orthodox Church is de facto privileged religion of the state, claiming the right to decide which other religions or denominations are to be granted the right of registration".<ref>{{cite book|last=Bourdeaux|first=Michael|chapter=Trends in Religious Policy|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EPP3ti4hysUC&pg=PA46|title=Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=2003|isbn=978-1857431377|pages=46–52}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/russia-s-de-facto-state-religion.html|title=Russia's De-Facto State Religion|date=24 April 2008|work=[[The Christian Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://jewishjournal.com/uncategorized/18128/|title=Russian Orthodoxy now de facto state religion|publisher=[[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles]]|date=24 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/russian-orthodox-church-from-farce-to-tragedy/|title=The Russian Orthodox Church: from farce to tragedy?|publisher=[[openDemocracy]]|date=3 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHmsAgAAQBAJ&q=russian+orthodox+church+de+facto+state+religion&pg=PA24|quote=the Russian Orthodox Church has become ''de facto'' state Church|title=Religion and Language in Post-Soviet Russia|first1=Brian P.|last1=Bennett|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1136736131|year=2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/07/russia.ameliagentleman |first1=Amelia |last1=Gentleman |title=Backlash of faith shakes atheists|quote='It is only natural there has been a surge in interest in religion over the past decade, given the repression that went before,' Levinson said. 'But we are particularly concerned about the growing influence of the Russian Orthodox Church - which has become the de facto state religion - to the exclusion of all other convictions.'|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=7 January 2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608183532/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/07/russia.ameliagentleman |archive-date= Jun 8, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/24/world/europe/24church.html |url-access=subscription |title=At Expense of All Others, Putin Picks a Church|quote=Just as the government has tightened control over political life, so, too, has it intruded in matters of faith. The Kremlin's surrogates in many areas have turned the Russian Orthodox Church into a de facto official religion|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608131607/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/24/world/europe/24church.html |archive-date= Jun 8, 2023 }}</ref><p>[[Islam in Russia]] is recognized under the law and by Russian political leaders as one of Russia's traditional religions, Islam is a part of [[History of Russia|Russian historical heritage]], and is [[Subsidy|subsidized]] by the Russian government.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Bell, I|title=Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EPP3ti4hysUC&pg=PA47|access-date=2007-12-27|isbn=978-1-85743-137-7|year=2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref> The position of Islam as a major Russian religion, alongside [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]], dates from the time of [[Catherine the Great]], who sponsored [[Ulama|Islamic clerics]] and scholarship through the [[Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly|Orenburg Assembly]].<ref>Azamatov, Danil D. (1998), "The Muftis of the Orenburg Spiritual Assembly in the 18th and 19th Centuries: The Struggle for Power in Russia's Muslim Institution", in Anke von Kugelgen; Michael Kemper; Allen J. Frank, Muslim culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the early 20th centuries, vol. 2: Inter-Regional and Inter-Ethnic Relations, Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, pp. 355–384,</ref></p>
* {{flag|Singapore}} is officially a secular country and does not have a state religion, and has been named in one study as the "most religiously diverse nation in the world", with no religious group forming a majority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2014/4/15/5617068/a-surprising-map-of-the-worlds-most-and-least-religiously-diverse |website=Vox |first1=Max |last1=Fisher |title=This map of the world's most religiously diverse countries may surprise you|date=15 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231104042500/https://www.vox.com/2014/4/15/5617068/a-surprising-map-of-the-worlds-most-and-least-religiously-diverse |archive-date= Nov 4, 2023 }}</ref> However, the government gives official recognition to ten different religions, namely [[Buddhism in Singapore|Buddhism]], [[Christianity in Singapore|Christianity]], [[Islam in Singapore|Islam]], [[Hinduism in Singapore|Hinduism]], [[Taoism in Singapore|Taoism]], [[Sikhism in Singapore|Sikhism]], [[History of the Jews in Singapore|Judaism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Jainism in Singapore|Jainism]], and the [[Baháʼí Faith]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iro.sg/|title=Inter-Religious Organisation, Singapore |website=iro.sg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626023943/https://iro.sg/ |archive-date= Jun 26, 2023 }}</ref> and Singapore's penal code explicitly prohibits "wounding religious feelings". The [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] and [[Unification Church]] are also banned in Singapore, as the government deems them to be a threat to national security.
* {{flag|Switzerland}} is officially secular at the federal level but 24 of the 26 cantons support both the [[Swiss Reformed Church]] and the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in various ways.
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Islam in Turkey|Turkey]]: The Republic of Turkey is officially a [[Secularism in Turkey|secular country]]. None of the past and the latest [[Constitution of Turkey|constitutions]] recognizes an [[official religion]] nor promotes any.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anayasa.gov.tr/en/legislation/turkish-constiution/|title=Turkish Constitution &#124; Anayasa Mahkemesi|website=www.anayasa.gov.tr}}</ref> But; the [[Directorate of Religious Affairs]], an official state institution established by [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] in 1924,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diyanet.gov.tr/tr-TR/Kurumsal/Detay/1#|title=Kurumsal}}</ref> expresses opinions only on religious matters regarding [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] institutions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-30|title=Turkey may have reclaimed the leadership of Sunni Islam from Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200730-turkey-may-have-reclaimed-the-leadership-of-sunni-islam-from-saudi-arabia/|access-date=2021-06-02|website=Middle East Monitor|language=en-GB}}</ref> The directorate regulates the operation of the country's hundreds of thousands of registered mosques and employs local and provincial imams (who are civil servants) who are appointed and paid by the state,<ref name="US2008">{{cite web
  | title = 2008 Report on International Religious Freedom – Afghanistan
  | publisher = United States Department of State
  | date = 19 September 2008
  | url = http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48d5cbf4c.html
  | access-date = 2 July 2009}}</ref> whilst other sects of Islam with a sizeable minority such as [[Alevism]] are not being regulated nor being funded by the directorate.<ref>https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/808395</ref><p>In addition, the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] explicitly guarantees the security and protection of both [[Christianity in Turkey|Greek and Armenian Orthodox Christian minorities]] and the [[History of the Jews in Turkey|Turkish-Jews]]. Their religious institutions are being recognized officially by the state.<ref>https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/area/center/schell/patriacharte.pdf</ref><ref>https://rm.coe.int/native/09000016804e1f8e</ref></p>
* {{flag|Vietnam}} is officially [[state atheism|atheist]]<ref>{{Citation|title=9. Marxist-Leninist 'Scientific Atheism' as the Science of Religion|date=1983-12-31|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110838589.359|work=Marxist-Leninist 'Scientific Atheism' and the Study of Religion and Atheism in the USSR|pages=359–384|publisher=De Gruyter|doi=10.1515/9783110838589.359|isbn=978-3-11-083858-9|access-date=2021-01-29}}</ref> (although sometimes also referred as atheist-Buddhist),<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2015|title=Buddhism in Vietnam: An Education in Enlightenment|url=https://www.butterfield.com/blog/2015/07/23/buddhism-in-vietnam-an-education-in-enlightenment/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Spiritual Guide: Religion in Vietnam |url=https://www.anywhere.com/vietnam/travel-guide/religion |website=www.anywhere.com |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204112805/https://www.anywhere.com/vietnam/travel-guide/religion |archive-date=Feb 4, 2023 |language=en |date=2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> but recognizes only 38 religious organizations and one ''dharma'' practice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vietnam|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom/vietnam/|access-date=2021-01-27|website=United States Department of State|language=en-US}}</ref>