Secondary education

===Industrialisation===
During the 18th century their social base widened and their curriculum developed, particularly in mathematics and the natural sciences. But this was not universal education and was self-selecting by wealth {{sfn|Gillard|2017}} The industrial revolution changed that. Industry required an educated workforce where all workers needed to have completed a basic education. In France, [[Louis XIV]], wrestled the control of education from the Jesuits, [[Marquis de Condorcet|Condorcet]] set up [[Collège]]s for universal lower secondary education throughout the country, then Napoleon set up a regulated system of [[Lycee]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Markham|first1=David J|title=The Revolution, Napoleon, and Education|url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/society/c_education.html|website=www.napoleon-series.org|access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> In England, [[Robert Peel]]'s [[Factory Act of 1802]] required an employer to provide instruction in reading, writing and arithmetic during at least the first four years of the seven years of apprenticeship. The state had accepted responsibility for the [[basic education]] of the poor.
The provision of school places remained inadequate, so an Order in Council dated 10 April 1839 created the [[Privy Council|Committee of the Privy Council on Education]].{{sfn|Gillard|2017|loc=Section 2}}